• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.17-34
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• 2022

The quality characteristics of kochujang by the level of roasted naked oat flours added were periodically examined during storage for 20 weeks at 25℃(± 2 ℃). The water contents of kochujang with roasted naked oat flours decreased gradually as the level of added roasted naked oat flours increased (p<.05), whereas they increased gradually by time during storage. The pH of kochujang with roasted naked oat flours increased gradually according to the added level(p<.001), whereas pH decreased gradually by time during storage. But the acidity changed opposite of pH. The L(lightness), a(redness) and b(yellowness)-values of samples increased according to the amount of added naked oat flours, while decreased gradually by time during storage. The salinity and sweetness of samples decreased gradually according to the amount of added naked oat flours(p<.001). Amino acid composition of kochujang with roasted naked oat flours was higher than that of the control sample during storage. In the kochujang with roasted naked oat flours after 20 weeks of storage at 25℃(± 2 ℃), 17 kinds of amino acid contents were examined, and the glutamic acid was found to increase as the level of added naked oat flours increased: 959.69 mg/100 g for control, 983.55 mg/100 g, 1,070.72 mg/100 g for 5%, 10% and 1,169.62 mg/100 g for 15%. As a result of the above results, it was found that the quality characteristics of kochujang by addition level of roasted naked oat flours could be improved, and the possibility of developing kochujang beneficial to health was confirmed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.101-109
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• 1997

Nine oat(Avena sativa L.) cultivars have been recommended as the govemment recommended forage cultivars since 1984, however, their forage performance and quality have mostly been tested at two locations, such as Suweon in the Middle Northwestem Coast Region and Sunghwan in the Middle Southwestern Coast Region. Therefore, the objective of this experiment was to retest the forage performance and quality of six government recommended oat cultivars at five scattered locations, such as Icheon, Suweon, Sunghwan, Keongsan and Kwangju fom 1992 to 1994 with the intention of improving recommendations to dairy farmers. Among the oat cultivars tested, "West" was the highest yielding cultivar at all locations in 1992-94, but the lowest yielding cultivars varied by location and year. At both Icheon and Suweon, "Cayuse", "Magnum" and "Foothill", at Sunghwan, "Cayuse" , "Ensiler" and "Foothill", at Keongsan, "Magnum", "Cayuse" and "Swan", and at Kwangju, "Cayuse", "Magnum" and "Cayuse", were the lowest yielding cultivars in 1993, 1994 and 1995, respectively. At all locations in 1992-94, "West" and "Swan" were the most advanced in growth stage, but "Cayuse", "Foothill", "Magnum" and "Ensiler" were the latest developing cultivars among the oats. Differences among the oat cultivars for the three-year mean NDF, ADF and IVDMD were small and inconsistent, but forage quality of the oats was generally lowest in the early developing cultivars and highest in the late developing cultivars. The govemment recommended oat cultivars tested were generally well adapted across the country, however, in forage production situations in the fall where high yield is more important, early maturing oat cultivars might be preferable to late cultivars because they have higher forage yield earlier in the fall.ction situations in the fall where high yield is more important, early maturing oat cultivars might be preferable to late cultivars because they have higher forage yield earlier in the fall.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.265-271
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• 2008

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are the most common form of human genetic variation. Non-synonymous SNPs (nsSNPs) change an amino acid. Organic anion transporters (OATs) play an important role in eliminating or reabsorbing endogenous and exogenous organic anionic compounds. Among OATs, hOAT4 mediates high affinity transport of estrone sulfate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate. The rapid bone loss that occurs in post-menopausal women is mainly due to a net decrease of estrogen. In the present study we searched for SNPs within the exon regions of hOAT4 in Korean women osteoporosis patients. Fifty healthy subjects and 50 subjects with osteoporosis were screened for genetic polymorphism in the coding region of SLC22A11 (hOAT4) using GC-clamp PCR and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). We found three SNPs in the hOAT4 gene. Two were in the osteoporosis group (C483A and G832A) and one in the normal group (C847T). One of the SNPs, G832A, is an nsSNP that changes the $278^{th}$ amino acid from glutamic acid to lysine (E278K). Uptake of [$3^H$] estrone sulfate by oocytes injected with the hOAT4 E278K mutant was reduced compared with wild-type hOAT4. Km values for wild type and E278K were $0.7{\mu}M$ and $1.2{\mu}M$, and Vmax values were 1.8 and 0.47 pmol/oocyte/h, respectively. The present study demonstrates that hOAT4 variants can causing inter-individual variation in anionic drug uptake and, therefore, could be used as markers for certain diseases including osteoporosis.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.167-172
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• 2013

A Two-year field experiment was carried out in 2009 and 2010 to evaluate the effects of different densities of wild oat and nitrogen (N) rates on oilseed rape yield and yield components. Experimental design was split plot with three replications. Increased nitrogen rates up to 150 kg N/ha caused an increase in oilseed rape grain yield in weed-free plots (4.26 t/ha; 1t = $10^3kg$), while even at the lowest density of wild oat (15 $plants/m^2$), increasing N fertilizer only up to 50 kg/ha led to a significant increase in grain yield. Wild oat growth was favored by high levels of N. Intraspecific competition reduced biomass, 100-seed weight and number of tillers of wild oat. Both lower N rate and intraspecific competition had negative effect on wild oat growth but the weed was still able to produce a considerable number of tillers and vigorous seeds. It showed that wild oat possess a notable adaptive plasticity and can allocate a greater proportion of its resource toward reproductive organs even under resource shortage conditions and, thus, it may increase the competitive ability of the weed over the crop.Our results suggest that effective weed management should be done to prevent wild oat seed production in crops preceding oilseed rape as well as to control the weed at early season in oilseed rape fields.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.87-91
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• 2012

Three oat cultivars and one oat breeding line were evaluated for chemical, hydration and pasting properties. Protein, starch and ${\beta}$-glucan levels ranged 11.13~14.37, 56.37~64.86 and 3.44~4.76%, respectively. The oat cultivars Daeyang and Seonyang contained higher ${\beta}$-glucan levels of 4.76 and 4.35%. The Daeyang variety had a higher water absorption index (WAI) of 2.83~3.35 (g/g), but a lower water solubility index (WSI) of 8.67~11.08%. Daeyang and Seonyang cultivars showed higher peak and trough viscosity, but lower breakdown and setback, indicating that they easily swell, and thus could possibly provide the desirable viscosity of an oat product. The ${\beta}$-glucan levels were correlated positively with WAI, peak and trough viscosity, and negatively to WSI, breakdown and setback viscosity.

• BMB Reports
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.387-391
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• 1995

In order to investigate whether phospholipase C (PLC) activity in oat celIs is regulated by Gprotein, we have characterized PLC in plasma membranes of oat tissues. To identify the purified plasma membrane, $K^+$-stimulated, $Mg^{2+}$-dependent ATPase activity was measured. The activity of ATPase was shown to be proportional to the concentration of membrane protein. To examine the PLC activity regulated by G-protein, we used the inside-out and outside-out plasma membrane mixture isolated from the oat cells. The plasma membrane mixture showed higher PLC activity than the one of the outside-out plasma membrane. This suggests that PLC activity is located at the cytoplasmic surface of plasma membrane. PLC activity in plasma membrane mixture was dependent on $Ca^{2+}$ with maximum activity at 100 ${\mu}m$ $Ca^{2+}$ and it was inhibited by 1 mM EGTA. Using Sep-pak $Accell^{TM}$ Plus QMA chromatography, we found that inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate ($IP_3$) was produced in the presence of 10 ${\mu}m$ $Ca^{2+}$. The PLC activity in the membrane was enhanced by an activator of G-protein ($GTP{\gamma}S$) and not by an inhibitor ($GDP{\beta}S$). This indicates that a G-protein is involved in the activation of PLC in the plasma membrane of oat cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.333-333
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• 2017

This study was conducted to establish of cropping system for year-round forage crops production in east-southern part of Korea and investigated their productivity and feed values. Cropping systems were tested in experiment using oat (cv. Highspeed and Darkhorse) in spring and autumn season, corn (cv. Kwangpyeongok) and sorghum (ss-450) in summer season and rye (cv. Gogu) and triticale (cv. Joseong) in winter season. Considering the forage productivity and feed value such as acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and total digestive nutrients (TDN), this result suggest that three cropping system for year-round forage crops production. The combinations with triticale (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be suitable ones. And also the combinations with rye (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be suitable. If forage crops cultivation was started in spring season, the combinations with oat (spring), oat (autumn), triticale or rye (winter), corn or sorghum (summer) and oat (autumn) were would be appropriable. For the more suitable cropping system, we are proceeding on verification experiment of year-round forage crops.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.207-211
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• 2015

The objective of the study was to measure the beneficial effects of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) inoculation on the nutritive value of oat silage collected from thirteen regions in the Republic of Korea. The contents of crude protein, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and crude ash (CA) were slightly lower in LAB inoculated silage when compared with the control silage, whereas inoculation of LAB resulted in increased total digestible nutrient (TDN). Higher number of LAB, but lower count of yeast and fungi indicated the effectiveness of the LAB inoculation on oat silage fermentation. LAB inoculation resulted in low pH silage, which may prevent undesirable microbial growth. The LAB inoculation promoted lactic acid dominant fermentation with marginal levels of acetic acid and butyric acid in oat silage. These data suggest that the LAB inoculation may preserve oat silage at better quality for ruminant animal production.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.17-22
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• 2016

Purpose: Sensitivity analysis offers a good guideline for designing energy conscious buildings, which is fitted to a specific building configuration. Sensitivity analysis is, however, still too expensive to be a part of regular design process. The One-at-a-time (OAT) is the most common and simplest sensitivity analysis method. This study aims to propose a reasonable ground that the OAT can be an alternative method for the variance-based method in some early design scenarios, while the variance-based method is known adequate for dealing with nonlinear response and the effect of interactions between input variables, which are most cases in building energy simulations. Method: A test model representing the early design phase is built in the DOE2 energy simulations. Then sensitivity ranks between the OAT and the Variance-based methods are compared at three U.S. sites. Result: Parameters in the upper rank by the OAT do not much differ from those by the Main effect index. Considering design practices that designers would chose the most energy saving design option first, this rank similarity between two methods seems to be acceptable in the early design phase.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.239-250
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• 2002

Evaluation works of oat in mixture with rye on forage yield have not been reported. The objective of this study was to determine yield and quality of forage mixture as affected by maturity of rye cultivar and oat-rye seeding rate at Suweon from 1999 to 2000. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications. Main plots consisted of maturity of rye. such as early(cv. Koolgrazer) and late(cv. Kodiak)maturing cultivars. Sub-plots consisted of seeding rate (T1: Oat 2000 and rye 0kg/ha, Ts: Oat 150 and rye 40kg/ha, T3: Oat100 and rye 80kg/ha, T4: Oat50 and rye 120kg/ha. and T5: Oat0 and rye 160kg/ha). Crude protein(CP) content of oat-rye mixture harvested in the fall was not influenced by maturity of rye cultivar, but that of oat-rye mixture was increased from 13.6 to 19.3% as the seeding rate of rye increased(P<0.05), however, maturity of rye cultivar significantly affected CP content of oat-rye mixture in the spring(P<0.01). Acid detergent fiber(ADF) content of oat-rye mixture harvested in the spring was not significantly affected by rye cultivar, but the ADF was decreased from 27.8 to 20.7% as the seeding rate of rye increased(P$<$0.01). When rye was harveste in the spring, ADF content of late maturing cultivar 'Kodiak' was shown as 28.0%. This was lower than that of early maturing cultivar 'Koolgrazer' which was shown as 35.8%(P$<$0.01). Among treatments, neutral detergent fiber(NDF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility(IVDMD) of oat-rye mixture showed a similar trend made on ADF. In this experiment, the highest forage yield (12.356kg/ha) was obtained from early maturing rye cultivar and seeding rates of 100kg/ha of oat and 80kg/ha of rye mixture. A significant interaction between maturity of rye cultivar and seeding rate was found(P$<$0.01). The above results indicate that an early maturing rye cultivar at the seeding rate of 100kd/ha in mixtures with 80kg/ha of oat could be recommended as a succeeding cropping system after corn for silage.