• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.97-103
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• 2013

Pine bark extract is made from the bark of Pinus densiflora which naturally contains occurring phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds. PineXol$^{(R)}$ from products of pine bark extract is sold under the brand name. The aim of this study was to evaluate the total phenol, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of the PineXol$^{(R)}$ as well as to assess the lipid accumulation during adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 cells. Our results demonstrate that the total phenolic and flavonoids contents of the PineXol$^{(R)}$ were $717.40{\pm}6.86$ GAE mg/mL and $54.44{\pm}0.01$ RE mg/mL, respectively. The antioxidative activities of the PineXol$^{(R)}$ were significantly increased in a dose dependent manner on DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl) radical scavenging, ABTS (2,2'-Azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt) radical scavenging, FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power) activity, reducing power, nitrite radical scavenging activity and ORAC (Oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value. In addition, the PineXol$^{(R)}$ inhibited the adipocyte differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Exposure to 200 ${\mu}g/mL$, PineXol$^{(R)}$ significantly reduced lipid accumulation (~80%) in 3T3-L1 cells compared to control cells.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.149-158
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• 2013

The objective of this study was to investigate the antioxidative capacity of ethanol extracts from Sanguisorbae officinalis L. root (Sanguisorbae radix) in vitro. The concentration of Sanguisorbae radix extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 0.33 mg/mL, which was similar to $IC_{50}$ of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol (0.40 mg/mL), as compared to 100% by pyrogallol as a reference. Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity against ABTS radical reactions. Total antioxidant capacities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Superoxide scavenging activities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of catechin. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of ascorbic acid. Cupric reducing antioxidant capacities of Sanguisorbae radix extract were significantly (p<0.05) higher than those of ${\alpha}$-tocopherol. Sanguisorbae radix extract prevented supercoiled DNA strand breakage induced by hydroxyl radical and peroxyl radical. Total phenolic contents of Sanguisorbae radix extract at concentrations of 0.5 and 5 mg/mL were 0.50 and 3.33 mM gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Sanguisorbae radix extract at concentration of 0.01, 0.1 and 0.5 mg/mL inhibited 0.2 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide-induced cytotoxicity by 33.8, 79.1 and 96.9%, respectively, in HepG2 cell culture system. Thus, strong antioxidant and cytotoxicity-ihnibiting effects of Sanguisorbae radix extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation as well as high levels in total phenolic contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제45권2호
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• pp.202-208
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• 2016

The physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of fermented mulberry by lactic acid bacteria were investigated. The viable cell counts of lactic acid bacteria slowly increased up to 8.31 log CFU/mL. The pH and titratable acidity were 3.90 and 0.15%, respectively, after 24 h of fermentation. Color in terms of L and a values decreased, whereas b and ${\Delta}E$ values increased. The total anthocyanin contents of fermented mulberry (171.40 mg/100 g) was higher than that of mulberry (144.70 mg/100 g). The cyanidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-rutinoside contents of fermented mulberry were 61.39 mg/100 g and 85.45 mg/100 g, respectively. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of fermented mulberry (10.75 g/100 g and 5.02 g/100 g, respectively) was higher than those of mulberry (4.53 g/100 g and 1.77 g/100 g, respectively). The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of fermented mulberry was $292.94{\mu}M/g$. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and superoxide radical scavenging activity of fermented mulberry at $250{\sim}2,500{\mu}g/mL$ were 17.40~58.21% and 32.63~87.34%, respectively. The ferric reducing antioxidant power and reducing power of fermented mulberry at $250{\sim}2,500{\mu}g/mL$ were $37.03{\sim}762.13{\mu}M$ and 0.12~0.74, respectively. The results suggest that mulberry fermented by lactic acid bacteria has potential as functional materials in food industry.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제42권11호
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• pp.1744-1752
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• 2013

We investigated the protective effect of UVB inducing photodamage from mulberry extract (ME) and Lithospermum erythrorhizon extract (LE). The contents of total anthocyanin and shikonin as a color compound of ME and LE were 4.92 mg/g and 9.58 mg/g, respectively. The electron donating ability and superoxide radical scavenging activity of ME were 84.32% and 76.34%, respectively. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the ME ($545.37{\mu}moles$ TE/g) was higher than LE ($427.18{\mu}moles$ TE/g). MMP-1 production in the HS68 cells were exposed to UVB suppressed by treatment with $200{\mu}g/mL$ of ME (68.6%) and LE (32.7%). ME and LE were applied to a skin aging mouse model, which was induced by the irradiation of UVB to the backs of hairless mice. The value of skin erythema index, wrinkle depth and thickness, epidermis thickness, and collagenous fiber damage in the experiment groups (MEL: ME 3%, MEM: ME 5%, MEH: ME 7%, LEL: LE 3%, LEM: LE 5%, LEH: LE 7%) were remarkably reduced than in the control group (only UVB exposure group), while water capacity increased. The level of total wrinkles depth in the skin was decreased to be 30% of the control group by MEH and LEM. These results suggest that ME and LE are useful cosmetic materials for skin protection against UVB-inducing.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.445-450
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• 2010

This study was carried out to investigate the antioxidative capacity of Ampelopsis brevipedunculata 95% ethanol extracts. The concentration of A. brevipedunculata extract at which DPPH radical scavenging activity was inhibited by 50% was 0.42 mg/mL as compared to 100% by pyrogallol as a reference. Total antioxidant status was examined by total antioxidant capacity against ABTS radical reactions. Total antioxidant capacities of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were 0.65 and 3.71 mM Trolox equivalents, respectively. Oxygen radical absorbance capacities of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 5 and $100\;{\mu}g/mL$ were 22.75 and $131.25\;{\mu}M$ gallic acid equivalents, respectively. Superoxide scavenging activities of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 0.1 and 1 mg/mL were 27.7 and 56.0%, respectively. Total phenolic contents of A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentrations of 0.5 and 2.0 mg/mL were 0.55 and 2.06 mM gallic acid equivalents, respectively. A. brevipedunculata extract at the concentration of 0.1 mg/mL inhibited 0.2 mM and 0.5 mM tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced cyototoxicity by 36.2 and 23.3%, respectively, in HepG2 cell culture system. Thus strong antioxidant and cytotoxicity-inhibiting effects of A. brevipedunculata extract seem to be due to, at least in part, the prevention from free radicals-induced oxidation as well as high levels in total phenolic contents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• 제45권8호
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• pp.1114-1121
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• 2016

This study investigated the food components and antioxidant activities of dried Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) with white and purple colors. For the proximate composition of dried Jerusalem artichoke, regardless of color, carbohydrate content was highest, followed by crude protein, ash, and moisture contents, and breed-specific differences were not detected. The highest mineral content of dried Jerusalem artichoke was potassium, followed by calcium, magnesium, sodium, and iron. The major minerals of white color sample were calcium, magnesium, and zinc, whereas those of the purple color sample were potassium, sodium, copper, and manganese, and no significant differences between the samples were detected. The main amino acid of dried Jerusalem artichoke was arginine, regardless of color, followed by asparagine, aspartic acid, and ${\gamma}-amino-n-butyric$ acid in order. Cysteine, leucine, and tyrosine were significantly (P<0.05) more abundant in the purple color sample than in the white color sample. In contrast, phosphoethanolamine was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the white color sample than in the purple color sample. Antioxidant activity was higher in the purple color sample than in the white color sample for all activities except the 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) assay methodology. Ferric-reducing antioxidant power and oxygen radical absorbance capacity assays at low concentrations of extracts found no differences between the two samples, although the purple sample at high concentration showed relatively high antioxidant activities.

• Journal of Life Science
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• 제23권8호
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• pp.1019-1024
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• 2013

The aims of this study were to determine antioxidation effect and neuroblastoma cell protection effect of donkey's bone and skin extracts (DBSE). DBSE was extracted by a pressure-cooker for 48 h and lyophilized. The 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity was significantly increased with increased doses of DBSE and 40 mg/ml of DBSE showed 95.43% of the DPPH scavenging effect, which was equivalent to 1 mg/ml of vitamin C. The 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6- sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity was also increased in a dose-dependent manner, and 20 mg/ml of DBSE showed 88.73% of the ABTS scavenging effect. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity (${\mu}M$ Trolox equivalent) of DBSE was significantly increased at a concentration of 10 mg/ml, which showed $132.53{\mu}M$ TE. The viability of oxidatively stressed brain cells induced by $500{\mu}M\;H_2O_2$ was protected by DBSE at concentrations greater than $50{\mu}M$. Cell viability after DBSE treatment at 50 and $100{\mu}g/ml$ was 53.78 and $54.34{\mu}M$ TE, respectively. There was no significant difference between both doses; however, 200 and $500{\mu}g/ml$ of DBSE showed 59.74 and 66.08% of cell viability, respectively indicating that DBSE protected SK-N-SH from oxidation stress. These results suggest that DBSE may have potential to be used as natural antioxidants in food industry, while in vivo evidence is necessary to support DBSE's in vitro-based antioxidative efficiency.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• 제47권4호
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• pp.539-543
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• 2015

A hardy kiwifruit is a good source of phenolics and antioxidants. This study was aimed at investigating the effects of hot air drying at three different temperatures (35, 50, and $70^{\circ}C$) for 24 h on the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant capacity of hardy kiwifruits of Actinidia arguta ${\times}$ A. deliciosa cv. Mansoo. Dried kiwifruit extracts were produced using 80% (v/v) aqueous ethanol under homogenization. Hot air drying lowered the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and decreased the antioxidant capacity in the dried kiwifruits compared with their fresh counterparts. The results also revealed high positive linear correlations of antioxidant capacity with total phenolic and flavonoid contents, indicating that phenolics are the major contributors to antioxidant capacity. Our results suggested that an optimal drying process must be determined for industrial application in order to obtain dried kiwifruits with increased antioxidant capacity for consumers.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.688-696
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• 2017

In this study, the physicochemical properties and anti-wrinkle effect of polysaccharides with different molecular weights from Gloiopeltis furcata were investigated. Crude polysaccharides were isolated by viscozyme treatment followed by ethanol precipitation and lyophilization. Crude polysaccharides were hydrolyzed by acid (0.1 N HCl) and the molecular weight fractions were generated by centrifugal filter (<10 kDa, 10 to 100 kDa, and 100 kDa>). The yield of polysaccharides with different molecular weight fractions was 8.4-39.6%. The major constituents in molecular weight fractions were total sugar (81.37-85.82%), uronic acid (27.89-32.85 g/100 g), sulfate (33.38-39.04%), and protein (0.35-3.16%) The L, a, and b value of the 100 kDa group were decreased, but viscosity increased. The oxygen radical absorbance capacity of the 100 kDa group at $180.07{\mu}M$ was the highest among groups. The protective effects of 100 kDa group at 0.5 and $5{\mu}g/mL$ against $H_2O_2$-induced cytotoxicity in L132 cell were 87.34% and 103.85%, respectively. The matrix metalloproteinase-1 activity of 100 kDa group decreased in a dose-dependent manner. The pro-collagen synthesis activity of 100 kDa group at $0.05-0.5{\mu}g/mL$ was 64.91-77.80%. The polysaccharides with different molecular weights from Gloiopeltis furcata investigated herein are useful as a potential candidate for cosmedical materials.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• 제33권4호
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• pp.493-500
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• 2013

Gelatin is a collagen-containing thermohydrolytic substance commonly incorporated in cosmetic and pharmaceutical products. This study investigated the antioxidant activity of gelatin by using different reagents, such as 2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline- 6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-di (4-tert-octylphenyl)-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity-fluorescein (ORAC-FL) in a porcine gelatin hydrolysate obtained using gastrointestinal enzymes. Electrophoretic analysis of the gelatin hydrolysis products showed extensive degradation by pepsin and pancreatin, resulting in an increase in the peptide concentration (12.1 mg/mL). Antioxidant activity, as measured by ABTS, exhibited the highest values after 48-h incubation with pancreatin treatment after pepsin digestion. Similar effects were observed at 48 h incubation, that is, 61.5% for the DPPH assay and 69.3% for the ABTS assay. However, the gallic acid equivalent (GE) at 48 h was $87.8{\mu}M$, whereas $14.5{\mu}M$ GE was obtained using the ABTS and DPPH assays, indicating about sixfold increase. In the ORACFL assay, antioxidant activity corresponding to $45.7{\mu}M$ of trolox equivalent was found in the gelatin hydrolysate after 24 h hydrolysis with pancreatin treatment after pepsin digestion, whereas this activity decreased at 48 h. These antioxidant assay results showed that digestion of gelatin by gastrointestinal enzymes prevents oxidative damage.