• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2012

하악 및 구강주위근육의 조절되지 않는 움직임으로 정의 되는 구강안면운동장애(orofacial movement disorder, OMD)는 노인층에서 많이 발생하며 그 원인이 아직 정확히 밝혀지지 않고 치료방법 또한 다양하다. 임상적 특징을 분석하고 치료방법을 연구한 자료는 많이 있으나 타액분비와 OMD의 상관관계에 대한 구체적인 연구는 아직 없다. 본 연구에서는 부산대학교치과병원 구강내과에 내원한 OMD 환자 중 구강건조감을 호소한 4명의 환자를 증례로 하여 필로카핀(pilocarpine)을 경구로 투여한 후 OMD 증상의 변화를 관찰하였다. 연구결과 타액분비량의 저하를 보여 구강건조증으로 진단된 증례와 정상타액분비량을 보이는 증례 모두에서 필로카핀의 경구투여 후 OMD증상의 개선을 보였다. 따라서 향후 OMD와 구강건조증의 상관관계에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.189-201
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• 2004

Objective: In oriental medicine, development of new formulations has been demanded. But, there are few reports about the improvement of formulations of herbal medicine in Korea. Nowadays soft Ex has been exploited and used comparing with retort pouch. This study was designed to study on preference on TongBiEum(通痺飮)/GunYoEum(健腰飮) and to investigate which OMD(oriental medical doctor) and non-OMD prefer soft Ex or retort pouch. Methods: As pilot study we administerd TongBiEum(通痺飮) once to 30 persons who serviced Gumi Oriental Medical hospital, Daegu Haany University from April 1, 2003 to April 10, 2003. And then we administerd GunYoEum(健腰飮) once to final test group(73 persons) who serviced Daegu, Gumi, Pohang Oriental Medical hospital, Daegu Haany University from April 20, 2003 to May 10, 2003. We made up questionaires about feeling during and after taking medicine, convenience and preference ect. Results: Convenience and preference of soft Ex is significantly different between OMD and non-OMD and in age bracket, but there is no significance between men and women group. Portable state of soft Ex is very convenient, dose of soft Ex is a little amount, color of soft Ex is regular in OMD & non-OMD, men & Women and an age bracket. Conclusions: From above study it was revealed that preference of herbal medicine formulations was significantly different between OMD and non-OMD. So development of new herbal medicine formulations is needed for consumers such as non-OMD.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제36권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2011

하악운동이상증(oromandibular dystonia, OMD)은 턱이나 구강조직의 반복적, 불수의적, 비정상적인 움직임으로 정의되며 저작기능과 교합에 문제를 초래하여 치과치료를 어렵게 하고 보철물의 유지곤란을 야기할 뿐 아니라 잦은 구강 연조직 손상이나 만성 안면통증의 원인이 되기도 하므로 치과의사의 관심이 필요한 질환이다. 본 연구는 단국대학교 치과대학 부속치과 병원 구강내과에 내원하여 OMD로 진단되어 치료를 받은 환자들의 병력기록부상의 관련 항목을 조사하여 OMD 환자들의 임상적 특징과 치료 유형을 분석하였다. 2007년 8월부터 2010년 4월까지 단국치대 부속병원 구강내과에 내원한 78명의 OMD 환자는 평균 72세의 고령이었으며 여자가 남자에 비해 3.6배 많았고, 평균 10개월 이상의 비교적 긴 병력기간을 보였다. 내원한 OMD 환자의 가장 흔한 주소는 턱의 통증이었으며 그 다음으로 빈도가 높은 주소는 턱과 구강조직의 조절 안 되는 반복적인 움직임과 구강조직의 통증이었다(p=0.000). OMD 유형은 페구형(jaw-closing dystonia)이 가장 많았고, 측방운동형(lateral jaw-deviation dystonia)과 복합형(combination dystonia)도 많이 발생하였다(p=0.001). 환자의 60% 이상은 OMD 발생과 관련하여 뚜렷한 원인을 인지하지 못했으나 약 19%의 환자들은 보철치료, 발치 등의 치과치료와 관련 있다고 보고하였다(p=0.000). 본원에 내원한 환자는 약물치료가 가장 먼저 시도되었고 진정제(clonazepam)가 거의 모든 환자(97%)에서 처방되었다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때, OMD는 뚜렷하게 노인, 특히 여성에게 많이 발생하는 질환으로서 턱과 구강조직의 통증을 유발하며 과반수 이상은 뚜렷한 원인을 모르지만 일부 환자들은 치과치료 후에 자신의 문제를 처음 인지하는 경향이 있다. 그러므로 치과의사는 환자를 치료할 때 OMD의 존재를 간과하지 않도록 관심과 주의를 기울일 필요가 있다.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.27-36
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• 1999

This study was performed to investigate the supply and demand of the oriental medical doctor(OMD) based on the supply and demand analysis of OMD up to the year 1997. The baseline projection and demographic methods were considered to examine the supply of OMD. On the contrary, for the demand analysis, two different approaches were conducted with the nonlinear regression model. The findings of this study indicate that the OMD will be oversupplied before the year 2012 with decreasing rate. However, when we consider the demand of OMD in the future. it is anticipated that the demand of oriental medicine will be increased rapidly with two major aspects. The first is the expansion of insurance benefits. The second is the increasing number of adult diseases because of the aging of the population structure. Therefore, the effective cooperation system and mutual exchange between western and oriental medicine is required for the future. Also. it is necessary to make the oriental medicine of the pharmaceutical services in more scientific way for the appropriate policy of the demand and supply of OMD. For the future study, the students who study abroad, especially China should be considered. These students will be the key element for the future supply of OMD.

• 대한치과마취과학회지
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.13-19
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• 2010

Bruxism is nonfunctional jaw movement that includes clenching, grinding and gnashing of teeth. It usually occurs during sleep, but with functional abnormality of brain, it can be seen during consciousness. Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) can involve the masticatory, lower facial, and tongue muscles and may result in trismus, bruxism, involuntary jaw opening or closure, and involuntary tongue movement. Its prevalence in the general population is 21%, but its incidence after brain injury is unknown, Untreated, bruxism and OMD cause masseter hypertrophy, headache, temporomandibular joint destruction and total dental wear. We report a case of successful treatment of bruxism and OMD after brain injury treated with botulinum toxin A and occlusal appliance. The patient was a 59-year-old man with operation history of frontal craniotomy and removal of malformed vessel secondary to cerebral arteriovenous malfomation. We injected with a total 60 units of botulinum toxin A each masseteric muscle and took impression for occlusal appliance fabrication under general anesthesia. On follow up 2 weeks and 2 months, the patient remained almost free of bruxism. We propose that botulinum toxin A and occlusal appliances be considered as a treatment for bruxism and OMD after brain injury.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.517-522
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to compare in vitro gas production kinetics, metabolizable energy (ME), organic matter digestibility (OMD) and microbial protein (MP) production of widely used legume hays in ruminant nutrition in Turkey. Gas production were determined at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h and their kinetics were described using the equation p = a+b ($1-e^{-ct}$). There were significant differences among legume hays in terms of chemical composition. The crude protein content of legume hays ranged from 11.7 to 18.6% of dry matter (DM); crude fat from 2.1 to 3.5% DM; neutral detergent fiber from 35.6 to 52.0% DM; acid detergent fiber from 32.0 to 35.5% DM and acid detergent lignin 1.7 to 11.0% DM. Total gas production after 96 h incubation ranged between 61.67 and 76.00 ml/0.200 g of substrate. At 24, 72 and 96 h incubation the total gas production for common vetch were significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of the other legume hays. The ME, OMD and MP of legume hays ranged from 9.09 to 11.12 MJ/kg DM, 61.30 to 75.54% and 90.35 to 138.05 g/kg DM, respectively. The ME, OMD and MP of common vetch was significantly (p<0.01) higher than those of the other hays due to low cell-wall contents and high crude protein. At the end of the experiment, differences in chemical composition of legume hays resulted in the differences in the in vitro gas production, gas production kinetics and the estimated parameters such as ME, OMD and MP. Common vetch can be recommended to hay producers and ruminant breeders, due to high ME, OMD and MP production.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권6호
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• pp.379-383
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• 2012

Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a rare focal form of dystonia caused by prolonged muscles spasms in the mouth, face, and jaw. OMD can develop after dental treatment, as poorly aligned dentures or multiple tooth extraction may cause an impairment of proprioception in the oral cavity, leading to the subsequent development of dystonia. These repetitive involuntary jaw movements may interfere with chewing, swallowing, and speaking. We report here two cases of OMD after dental procedures.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.526-532
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• 2006

The aim of this study was to evaluate the chemical composition, in vitro DM degradability, ME and OMD of alfalfa-maize silage mixtures in comparison to pure maize and alfalfa silages, and to test the existence of associative effects of ensiling alfalfa forage with whole-crop maize using the in vitro gas production technique. Ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize had a significant (p<0.001) effect on chemical composition, pH, in vitro DM degradability, OMD and estimated ME values of mixtures. DM content of the resultant silages significantly increased with increasing proportion of whole-crop maize in the mixtures, whereas the pH value, crude protein (CP), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and ash contents of mixtures decreased due to the dilution effect of whole-crop maize which was low in CP, ADF and ash. The pH values of all alfalfa-maize silage mixtures were at the desired level for quality silage. Gas production of alfalfa-maize silage mixtures at all incubation times except 12 h increased with increasing proportion of whole-crop maize. When alfalfa was mixed with whole-crop maize in the ratio 40:60, ME and OMD values were significantly (p<0.001) higher than other silages. Maximum gas production ($A_{gas}$) ranged from 65.7 to 78.1 with alfalfa silage showing the lowest maximum gas production. The results obtained in this study clearly showed that maximum gas production increased with increased percentage of whole-crop maize in the silage mixtures (r = 0.940, p<0.001). It was concluded that ensiling alfalfa with whole-crop maize improved the pH, OMD and ME values. However, trials with animals are required to see how these differences in silage mixtures affect animal performance.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.529-535
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• 2007

The nutritive values of leaves of Citrus grandis, Citrus aurantium, Citrus oranges, Citrus limon, and Citrus deliciosa were evaluated by chemical composition and in vitro gas production techniques. There were significant (p<0.001) differences among citrus species in terms of chemical composition. Crude protein (CP) contents ranged from 123.0 to 148.3 g/kg DM. Neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents were varied with species in the range 219.4-355.4 and 215.0-278.8 g/kg DM respectively. Condensed tannin (CT) contents were ranged from 5.9 to 10.2 g/kg DM. The PEG addition significantly (p<0.001) increased the gas production and some estimated parameters of citrus tree leaves. However, species showed variable responses to polyethylene glycol (PEG) treatment. There were also significant (p<0.001) differences among species in terms of gas production and estimated parameters. The OMD and ME contents of citrus leaves without PEG supplementation were ranged from 66.5 to 73.3% and 9.8 to 10.9 MJ/kg DM respectively. The improvement in gas production, organic matter digestibility (OMD) and metabolizable energy (ME) with PEG emphasized the negative effect of tannins on digestibility. The increase (%) in the estimated OMD and ME contents ranged from 5.5 to 9.8% and 5.7 to 10.2% respectively. All citrus tree leaves studied in this experiment have potential nutritive values indicated by high crude protein content, OMD, ME and low fiber values.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제2권4호
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• pp.583-590
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• 1989

Increasing levels of ammonia-N in the rumen fluid used for in vitro incubation were achieved by supplementation of the ration of the donor cows with urea and by addition of urea either with or without glucose to the rumen fluid after collection. The ration of the donor animals consisted of wheat straw (80%) and maize silage (20%). During the second half of the experiment the basal ration was supplemented with a mineral mixture. Wheat straw, Guinea grass and two rice straw varieties were incubated with the various kinds of rumen fluid. Parameters studied were: solubility, apparent organic matter disappearance after 48 hours of incubation ($OMD_{48}$), rate of organic matter degradation from 0 to 24 hours of incubation ($k_1$) and from 24 to 95 hours ($k_2$). The concentration of ammonia-N in the rumen fluid at which 95% of the maximal $OMD_{48}$ and k1 were reached (88.2 and 100.0 mg/l) were independent of the feed. With regard to the $k_2$ the required ammonia-N concentration to reach 95% of the maximal $k_2$ differed per feed. Mineral supplementation increased the OMD48 and $k_1$, but not the solubility and $k_2$. Glucose addition in combination with urea had no beneficial effect compared to urea supplementation alone.