• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.457-467
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• 2006

Purpose: Community health practitioners (CHP) in Korea have a responsibility for delivering primary health care to remote or isolated communities. The aim of this paper is to analyze CHPs' level of depression and impacts of their Ego state and interpersonal attitude in transactional analysis on depression. This paper gives fundamental data for developing a the program for mental health promotion of CHPs. Method: The subjects Of this Study consisted of 459 Korean CHP who were conveniently selected from the target population. The data was collected through interviews using self-administered questionnaires, including the Korean Ego gram and life position inventory and depression scale. Results: The CHP's Ego gram showed the N type with the top point of NP. The type of interpersonal attitude was I'M OK - YOU'RE OK (I+U++). The level of depression was 35.4, normal range. There was a significant difference in depression according to the duration of the career. There was a significant negative correlation among NP, A, FC ego states, interpersonal OK and depression, and a significant positive correlation between interpersonal Not-OK and depression. The NP, A, FC ego states and interpersonal Not-OK were significant predictors (47.1%) of depression. Conclusion: This study showed that a program for CHPs to should include increasing the function of ego states and positive interpersonal attitude.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.9
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• pp.236-243
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the OKgram and abuse awareness, and between the the characteristics of the major field and abuse awareness of pre-service child care teachers who are taking the (child care) course as part of their university curriculum. Positiveness isclassified into 2 subfactors,self-positiveness and other positiveness, while abuses are classified into 4 sub factors,viz. body, sex, emotion and neglect, in order to investigate and analyze the effectsof each sub factor. Asurvey was carried out for students of the department of Child Care and the department of Social Welfare of the universities in Gyeonggi-do, Gangwon-do and Seoul, during the 5 day period from 8th May to 12th May, 2017. After conducting a frequency analysis, correlation and multiple regression analyses were performed, from which we madethe following conclusions. First, it was found that positiveness influences abuse awareness, and that when other positiveness is higher than self-positiveness, abuse awareness is increased. We also concluded that we should provide more personality programs that enhance others positiveness. Second, the seriousness of abuse level showed an average value of 4.594, which is highly recognized, while the level (required) to recognize the index wasin the order of sexual(4.789), physical(4.587), neglect(4.510), emotional(4.498), with the index of emotion beingthe lowest. This indicatesthe necessity to strengthen the social standard on emotion abuse awareness. Third, in the characteristics of the major field, the respondents answered that their actual work experience of being a pre-service child care teacher was helpful to raise their abuse awareness, and thatchild care practice wasthe most important.Therefore,we concluded that it is necessary to arrange practical courses which increase the chance of obtaining actual work experience and provide child care practice during child care teacher training.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.1740-1745
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• 2004

In order to evaluate the in vitro synergic effect of Eunkyo-san, with quinolone antibiotics, rufloxacin (RUFX), the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), MIC50 and MIC90 of single use of quinolones and concomitant treatment with Eunkyo-san against 9 strains of aerobic gram positive bacteria. The obtained results were as follows : In the case of aerobic gram positive bacteria, the MIC, MIC50 and MIC90 against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus aureus smith, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus pyogens, Streptococcus pneumoniae Type Ⅰ, Type Ⅱ and Type Ⅲ was significantly decreased in concomitant treated groups with Eunkyo-san compared to those of single treated groups of RUFX, respectively. However, no significant changes were demonstrated against Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis. In conclusion, the in vitro antibacterial activity of RUFX were increased against some strains of aerobic gram positive strains, especially, pneumococcus such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus by concomitant use of Eunkyo-san.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.521-532
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• 2005

Objectives & Methods : In order to evaluate the in vitro synergic effects or Eunkyo-san which is a traditional poly-herbal formula that has been used in the treatment of respiratory diseases in oriental medicine, and quinolone antibiotics, rufloxacin (RUFX) and iprofloxacin(CPFX), experimentation was designed to determine minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC), $MIC_{50}\;and\;MIC_{90}$ of single use of quinolones and concomitant treatment with Eunkyo-san against 5 strains of aerobic gram negative bacteria, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella peumoniae, Hemophilus influenzae, Citrobacter freundii and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. Result : In the case of aerobic gram negative bacteria, the MIC, $MIC_{50}\;and\;MIC_{90}$ against Klebsiella peumoniae and Citrobacter freundii significantly decreased in concomitant-treated groups with Eunkyo-san compared to those of single-treated groups of RUFX and CPFX, respectively. However, no significant changes were demonstrated against Echerichia coli, Hemophilus influenzae and Pseudomonas aeruginosae. Conclusion : According to these results, concomitant use of Eunkyo-san against some strains of aerobic gram-negative bacteria dramatically increases in vitro antibacterial activity of RUFX and CPFX, and the increase and selectivity of antibacterial activities against these strains is attributable to Eunkyo-san, and not RUFX or CPFX activity.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.49-52
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• 2007

Objectives: Asari Herba comes from the dried perennial herbaceous plant, Asarum sieboldii $M_{IQ}$., A. heterotropides $F_R$. SCHMIDT var. mandshuricum($M_{AXIM}$) $K_{ITAG}$. and A sieboldii $M_{IQ}$ var. seoulense $N_{AKAI}$., family Aristolochiaceae. This medicine is pungent in flavor(味辛), warm in nature(性溫), mildly toxic and affects the lung, kidney, and heart meridians. It is able to repel wind dispel cold(祛風散寒), remove the obstruction of the nose(宣通鼻竅), relieve pain(止痛) and warm the lungs to remove the retention of fluids(溫肺化飮). In a clinic it is prescribed for exterior syndrome of wine-cold type(風寒表證) manifested as headache and general pain. It is indicated for headaches, toothaches, bisyndrome of wind-cold-dampness type(風寒濕痺), etc. For many generations medical books have warned doctors that the dosage of Asari Herba should not be excessive because the pungent flavor has the effect of dispersing exopathogens from superficies of the body. The principle, 'Asari Herba should not exceed Jeon(錢, Qian, 3.0 gram)' is still considered to be relevant. Methods : Extensive research of several ancient medical texts has lead to the following conclusion. Results : The statement 'Asari Herba should not exceed Jeon' is a dosage which is used to prepare single recipe and powder. Conclusion : The definition of Jeon is not 1 Jeon(3.0 gram), but 1 Jeonbi(錢匕, Qianbi, 1.0 gram), moreover, the usage, collection. and refinement process are not in accordance with the contents of the ancient medical texts. A deeper study of Asari Herba's dosage in the future is expected to have interesting results.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.81-86
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• 2015

Soil management for orchard depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 orchard (5 sites for sandy loam, 7 sites for silt loam, and 13 sites for loam) in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) method. The average values for 25 orchard soil samples were $270nmol\;g^{-1}$ of total FAMEs, $72nmol\;g^{-1}$ of total bacteria, $34nmol\;g^{-1}$ of Gram-negative bacteria, $34nmol\;g^{-1}$ of Gram-positive bacteria, $6nmol\;g^{-1}$ of actinomycetes, $49nmol\;g^{-1}$ of fungi, and $7nmol\;g^{-1}$ of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. In addition, silt loam soils had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ compared with those of loam soils (p < 0.05), indicating that microbial activity increased. The average soil microbial communities in the orchard soils were 26.7% of bacteria, 17.9% of fungi, 12.6% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.5% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.5% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, and 2.2% of actinomycetes. The soil microbial community of Gram-negative bacteria in silt loam soils was significantly higher than those of sandy loam and loam soils (p < 0.05).

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.47 no.4
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• pp.279-285
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• 2015

This study studied samples taken off surfaces at three sites (Unit chairs, light handles, cuspidors) of 19 dental hospitals and 28 clinics located in Gyeonggi-do and Incheon, South Korea. The bacterial contamination levels of surfaces were $44.82{\times}10^3CFU/mL$ in cuspidors, higher than in unit chairs ($5.47{\times}10^3CFU/mL$) and light handles ($16.28{\times}10^3CFU/mL$). The values were statistically higher at dental hospitals than at dental clinics, the greater number of patients being associated with the higher bacterial cell count in the cuspidors. The results of identifying the strains isolated purely from surfaces at dental clinic showed Gram positive 47.3% and Gram negative 52.7%. Among Gram positive, the most numberous bacteria were Micrococcus luteus (10.9%), Bacillus pumilus (3.6%), and Staphylococcus aureus (3.6%). Among Gram negative, the most numberous bacteria were Acinetobacter ursingii (5.5%), Brevundimonas diminuta (4.5%), Chryseobacterium (Flavo.) indologenes (CDC IIb) (4.5%), and Methylobacterium sp. (4.5%). This study measures the level of bacterial contamination and identifies the strains isolated in dental clinics. It recognizes the importance of infection control, and the results of the study may be considered as the basis for establishing specific plans for prevention of infection.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.170-170
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• 2003

DW -224a is a fluoroquinolone antibiotics with a broad spectrum of activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. In order to clarify toxicokinetic profile of DW-224a, a 4-week repeated dose oral toxicokinetic study (dose level: 0, 63, 250, 1000 mg/kg) was conducted in groups of Sprague-Dawley rats.(omitted)

• Journal of Software Assessment and Valuation
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

In this paper, we study abstracting and identifying license file from a package to prevent unintentional intellectual property infringement because of lost/modified/confliction of license information when redistributing open source software. To invest character of the license files, we analyzed 322 licenses by n-gram and TF-IDF methods, and abstract license files from the packages. We identified license information with a similarity of the registered licenses by cosine measurement.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.49 no.6
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• pp.783-788
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• 2016

Agricultural management of paddy soil depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 paddy soils in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The average of microbial communities in paddy soils were 32.2% of total bacteria, 16.7% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.0% of actinomycetes, 14.9% of fungi, and 1.3% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The communities of total bacteria (34.9%) and Gram-negative bacteria (19.4%) in soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were significantly larger than those in soils with other organic matter levels. However, soils with $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ as compared with soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter, indicating microbial stress decreased (p < 0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the two different organic matter levels in paddy fields. Thus, soils containing $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were responsible for strong effect on microbial biomass and stress in paddy fields.