• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제40권6호
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• pp.442-453
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• 2014

Objectives: Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are known to be the detrimental chemicals in the body, even at low levels, and are stored in adipose tissue. Recently, POPs have been reported to be associated with chronic diseases, including cancer and cardiovascular disease, and aging and obesity are reported as common factors in chronic disease. However, there have been only a few studies on the associations of POPs with age and body mass index (BMI) in Korea. Therefore, we analyzed the associations of serum POPs levels with age and BMI in Korea. Methods: This cross-sectional study includes 444 subjects (253 men and 191 women) from the Korean Cancer Prevention Study-II (2004-2011). Serum levels of 33 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were measured by a gas chromatographer (Agilent 6890) coupled to high resolution mass spectrometer (JEOL JMS-800D). Results: Concentrations of PCB 153 (men: 12.26 ng/g lipid, women: 10.50 ng/g lipid) and p,p'-DDE (men: 94.66 ng/g lipid, women: 96.66 ng/g lipid) were the highest among serum PCBs and OCPs, respectively. PCBs and OCPs were significantly positively correlated with age in both sexes. After adjustment for age, non-dioxin like PCBs were significantly negatively correlated with body mass in women. However, cis-heptachlor epoxide was significantly positively correlated with body mass index in both sexes. When analyzed by sex, stronger associations were shown between POPs and age in men and POPs and BMI in women. Conclusion: These results may provide baseline data for the study of POPs and for the health management field in Korea.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.6-14
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Residual organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are chemical substances that persist in the environment, bioaccumulate through the food web, and pose a risk of causing adverse effect to human health and the environment. They were designated as persistent organic pollutants (POPs) by Stockholm Convention. Greenhouse strawberry is economic crop in agriculture, and its cultivation area and yield has been increased. Therefore, we tried to investigate the POPs residue in greenhouse soil and strawberry.METHODS AND RESULTS: Extraction and clean-up method for the quantitative analysis of OCPs was developed and validated by gas chromatography (GC) with electron capture detector (ECD). The clean-up method was established using the modified quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe(QuEChERS) method for OCPs in soil and strawberry. Limit of quantitation (LOQ) and recovery rates of OCPs in greenhouse soil and strawberry were 0.9-6.0 and 0.6-0.9 μg/kg, 74.4-115.6 and 75.6-88.4%, respectively. The precision was reliable sincerelative standard deviation (RSD) percentage (0.5-3.7 and 2.9-5.2%) was below 20, which was the normal percent value. The residue of OCPs in greenhouse soil was analyzed by the developed method, and dieldrin, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate were detected at 1.6-23, 2.2-28.4 and 1.8-118.6 μg/kg, respectively. Those in strawberry were not detected in all samples.CONCLUSION: Dieldrin, β-endosulfan and endosulfan sulfate in a part of investigated greenhouse soil were detected. But those were not detected in investigated greenhouse strawberry. These results showed that the residue in greenhouse soil were lower level than bioaccumulation occurring.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.277-285
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed in order to evaluate whether 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) could be detected among residents living near Camp Caroll in Waegwan and whether serum concentrations of dioxins, including 2,3,7,8-TCDD, and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are associated with length of residence. Methods: Study subjects totaled 113 (for dioxins) and 190 (for OCPs) adults who were selected from participants in a medical investigation. Serum concentrations of dioxins and OCPs were measured using HRGC/HRMS. Information on length of residence was obtained through questionnaires. Results: 2,3,7,8-TCDD was not detected in serum among all subjects. When length of residence was classified as a categorical variable, after adjusting for confounding variables, only residents living in Waegwan for 40 years or longer tended to have high total TEQ values and 2,3,4,7,8-PeCDF with marginal significances. There was no dose-response relation between length of residence and serum concentrations of these chemicals. In multiple regression models with continuous values of the length of residence, total TEQ value and 1,2,3,4,6,7,8-HpCDF were positively associated with length of residence. However, they explained about 3-5% of total variations of serum concentrations of these compounds, while age, consumption of fatty fish, body mass index, alcohol drinking, and cigarette smoking were main variables affecting serum concentrations of dioxins or OCPs. Conclusions: In the current study, high concentrations of certain compounds were mainly observed among persons who lived in Waegwan for at least for 40 years without a dose-response relation. Therefore, it seems difficult to conclude that length of residence meaningfully contributed to the current serum concentrations of dioxins or OCPs among residents in Waegwan. However, considering the half-life of 2,3,7,8-TCDD and indirect exposure routes, the limitations of the current study design should be considered in the interpretation of the study findings.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.656-664
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 낙동강 수계 내 하천 및 호소의 퇴적물을 대상으로 16종의 다환방향족탄화수소(PAHs), 다염화바이페닐(PCBs), 유기염소계 농약(OCPs)류를 분석하였다. 하천 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs와 12종의 Co-PCBs 농도 수준은 각각 N.D.~969.3 ng/g-dry, 4.2~7716.5 pg/g-dry(0.0~10.1 pg-TEQ/g-dry)이었다. 호소 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs류는 5.8~2987.2 ng/g-dry, 12종의 Co-PCBs는 4.3~461.1 pg/g-dry(0.0~0.6 pg-TEQ/g-dry), OCPs의 농도 수준은 N.D.~1.5 ng/g-dry이었으며, OCPs 중 DDT류만 검출되었다. 이는 환경질 평가를 위한 가이드 라인보다 훨씬 낮은 수준이었다. 낙동강 수계 내 하천 퇴적물에 존재하는 16종의 PAHs 중 저분자 PAHs의 비율이 높은 반면, 호소에서는 중 고분자 PAHs의 비율이 높았다. 그리고 PCBs는 모든 퇴적물 시료에서 PCB-118과 PCB-105의 비율이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이는 이전의 연구와도 일치하는 결과이다. 검출된 PAHs와 Co-PCBs의 배울원 추정 결과, PAHs의 경우 일부 지점들을 제외한 대부분의 지점들이 석탄 및 바이오매스의 연소와 관련 있었으며, Co-PCBs의 경우 상업적인 PCBs와 관련이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate if organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were associated with metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance among non-diabetes. Methods: Among subjects who participated in a community-based health survey, 50 non-diabetic subjects with metabolic syndrome and 50 normal controls were selected. Insulin resistance was measured by the homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR). Eight OCPs were selected. Results: After adjusting for confounders except for body mass index (BMI), beta-hexachlorocyclohexane ($\beta$-HCH) and heptachlor epoxide were positively associated with metabolic syndrome. Odds ratios across tertiles of $\beta$-HCH and heptachlor epoxide were 1.0, 3.2 and 4.4, and 1.0, 4.0 and 6.0, respectively (p for trend = 0.01 and <0.01). After additional adjustment for body mass index (BMI), heptachlor epoxide still showed an increasing trend with adjusted odds ratios of 1.0, 4.1, and 4.6 (p for trend = 0.10). When the five components of metabolic syndrome (with the definition of high fasting glucose ($\geq$ 100 mg/dL) were separately analyzed, all components were positively, but not significantly, associated with heptachlor epoxide. As the serum concentration of heptachlor epoxide increased, HOMA-IR increased significantly in subjects with metabolic syndrome even after adjusting for BMI (p value <0.05 and <0.01). Conclusions: Despite the small sample size, this study suggests that the background exposure to some OCPs may be associated with metabolic syndrome.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.79-85
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• 2001

경기도 안성시 한경대학교에서 1999년 7월부터 11월까지 2주간격으로 대기중 OCPs를 측정하였다. 현재도 사용중인 것으로 보고된 endosulfan I과 II의 농도가 오래 전에 사용 금지된 다른 OCPs와 대사물질의 농도보다 훨씬 높았다. 그리고 모화합물인 heptachlor보다는 대사물질인 heptachlor epoxide가 더 높은 농도를 보였다. 이것은 이 성분이 사용된 지 상당히 되었지만, 환경중에서 독성이 강한 대사물질로 전환되어 잔류함을 알 수 있었다. 그리고 모든 OCPs는 가을보다 여름에 높은 농도를 보였다. 온도가 높은 여름에 air-surface exchange과 관련된 휘발작용으로 농도가 높아지고 온도가 낮은 가을에 농도가 감소함을 알 수 있었다. 그렇지만 endosulfan I과 II는 온도의 영향뿐만 아니라 사용량과 관련성이 있는 것으로 사료되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.228-232
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• 2016

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of pretreatment with transdermal estradiol ($E_2$) compared to oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) on controlled ovarian stimulation (COS) response in normal responders undergoing fresh in vitro fertilization (IVF)-embryo transfer (ET) cycles. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was performed of normal responders undergoing fresh IVF-ET cycles who received pretreatment with transdermal $E_2$ versus OCPs prior to fresh IVF-ET. The total days of ovarian stimulation, total dosage of gonadotropins, total number of oocytes, and mature oocytes retrieved were noted. Pregnancy outcomes after ET were also recorded. Results: A total of 2,092 patients met the inclusion criteria: 1,057 and 1,035 patients in the transdermal $E_2$ and OCP groups, respectively. Patients in the OCP group had a longer duration of COS ($10.7{\pm}1.63days$, p< 0.01) than the $E_2$ group ($9.92{\pm}1.94days$). Patients in the OCP group also required higher cumulative doses of gonadotropins ($2,657.3{\pm}1,187.9IU$) than those in the $E_2$ group ($2,550.1{\pm}1,270.2IU$, p= 0.002). No statistically significant differences were found in the total and mature oocytes retrieved or in the rates of biochemical pregnancy, clinical pregnancy, spontaneous miscarriage, and live birth between the groups. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that compared to OCPs, pretreatment with transdermal $E_2$ is associated with a shorter duration of ovarian stimulation and lower gonadotropin utilization, without compromising the oocyte yield or pregnancy outcomes in normal-responder patients undergoing fresh IVF.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.810-820
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• 2012

용호부두 인근의 해저퇴적물과 4종의 식용어류인 넙치, 우럭, 쥐치, 밑달갱이체내의 폴리염화비페닐(polychlorinated biphenyls, PCBs)및 유기염소계 농약(organochlorine pesticides or OCPs)의 오염수준과 공간적 분포현황을 규명하였고, 이를 토대로 지역주민의 어류섭취에 따른 PCBs 및 OCPs의 인체 노출을 파악하여 이로 인한 인체 건강에 미치는 위해성평가를 수행하였다. 용호부두 인근해역의 퇴적물에 존재하는 42종의 ${\Sigma}PCBs$의 농도는 3.22~197.65 ng/g dw였다. ${\Sigma}DDTs$의 농도는1.77~20.27 ng/g dw이었다. 그리고 HCHs, endosulfan sulfate 등이 각각 1.42~6.08, 0.56~13.89 ng/g dw수준이었다. 용호부두 인근해역의 퇴적물의 유기염소계 화합물함량의 미국 해양대기청(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA)의 기준 중 악영향 기대수준인 PEL과 비교결과 0.1 ${\leq}$ mPELQ ${\leq}$ 0.5로 중간 정도의 오염도에 해당한다. 용호부두 인근해역에서 채취된 넙치, 우럭, 쥐치, 밑달갱이 근육 조직내의 PCBs의 평균함량은 67.37, 10.20, 48.26, 22.81 ng/g lw이었다. 모든 어류시료에서 ${\Sigma}DDTs$와 ${\Sigma}HCHs$의 농도범위는 각각 4.53~82.10, 2.94~22.98 ng/g이었으며, 다른 OCPs들도 모든 시료에서 미량으로 검출되었다. 용호부두 해역에서 채취된 넙치, 우럭, 쥐치, 밑달갱이의 섭취로 인한 PCBs 및 OCPs 오염도에 대한 정량적인 발암 및 비발암 위해 도는 US EPA 기준으로 보면 단기 및 장기적 인체 위해도 모두 무시할 만한 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국대기환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국대기환경학회 2008년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.276-278
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• 2008

• 한국생명과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국생명과학회 2007년도 제48회 학술심포지움 및 추계국제학술대회
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• pp.81.2-81.2
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• 2007

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