• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.2
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• pp.135-146
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• 2022

In order to prevent microbial contamination and safely use cosmetics, it is essential to possess preservative power. In this study, the antifungal effect was confirmed by improving the preservative system of the aqueous dispersion formulation, which has a weak preservative power against fungi, and various preservative systems were established to strengthen the preservative power against fungi. Five kinds of raw materials (sodium anisate, p-anisic acid, caprylhydroxamic acid, o-cymen-5-ol, hydroxyacetophenone) that have a benzene ring structure having a hydroxyl group and exist as protonated form in cosmetic formulations expected to improve antifungal activity in cosmetics were selected, and the minimum growth inhibitory concentration of the raw materials was determined through MIC assay. It was confirmed that the preservative power against mold was improved through the preservative efficacy test of 4 types of water dispersion formulations (cream, lotion, toner, and sun cream) in which 4 types of raw materials showing antimicrobial activity against mold were added to the preservative system. When p-anisic acid was used, it was confirmed that the preservative activity against mold was strengthened without the effect of inhibiting the preservative power against bacteria and yeast in all four formulations.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.1707-1714
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• 2012

Grb2 is an adapter protein involved in the signal transduction and cell communication. The Grb2 is responsible for initiation of kinase signaling by Ras activation which leads to the modification in transcription. Ligand based pharmacophore approach was applied to built the suitable pharmacophore model for Grb2. The best pharmacophore model was selected based on the statistical values and then validated by Fischer's randomization method and test set. Hypo1 was selected as a best pharmacophore model based on its statistical values like high cost difference (182.22), lowest RMSD (1.273), and total cost (80.68). It contains four chemical features, one hydrogen bond acceptor (HBA), two hydrophobic (HY), and one ring aromatic (RA). Fischer's randomization results also shows that Hypo1 have a 95% significant level. The correlation coefficient of test set was 0.97 which was close to the training set value (0.94). Thus Hypo1 was used for virtual screening to find the potent inhibitors from various chemical databases. The screened compounds were filtered by Lipinski's rule of five, ADMET and subjected to molecular docking studies. Totally, 11 compounds were selected as a best potent leads from docking studies based on the consensus scoring function and critical interactions with the amino acids in Grb2 active site.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.146-157
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• 1994

Wasong(Orostachys japonicus A. Berger) has been used as anti-cancer medicinal plants from ancient time. This experiment was conducted to obtain some fundamental informations concerning anatomical study, germination test, soil analysis of indigenious districks, adaptaion of soil for wasong. The leaf of wasong was xerotype with spine, mesophyl chloroplast is dense surrounded vascular bundle, with a many large water storage tissue without chloroplast, and was bifacial stomata leaf type. The stem of wasong was amphicribral vascular bundle, central cylinder was cylinder type and protostele. Root was polarch type, potoxylem of it's was arranged in ring shape of annulation and metaxylem. The structure of flower was cymose, was caylyx of 5 sepals, corolla of 5 petals, roecium of 10 stames, ovules of five, placentation parietal, ovary superior, axile placenta. The optimum temperature for seed germination was $25^{\circ}C$ under light and germination percentage was 22.5%. Dormancy breaking was effective for 6-8 days at 5$^{\circ}C$ and at 100 ppm level of $GA_3$ The soil analysis of wasong local districks, content of available $P_2O_5$, Ca were higer than optimal level of upland and C.E.C., exchangeable k was not significantly different of that, but exchangeable magnesium was very low. The growth of wasong was affected draining regardless soil combination treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.34 no.7
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• pp.445-453
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• 2012

An investigation for removal of 1-indanone (1-ID), which were commonly produced from the biological and/or chemical treatment and natural weathering of the PAHs-contaminated soils, via oxidative transformation mediated by birnessite in the presence of various phenolic mediators is described. This study also examines the potential effect of the natural occurring substance humic acid (HA) on the oxidative transformation. The experiment was carried out in aqueous phase as a batch test (10 mg/L 1-ID, 0.3 mM phenolic mediators, $1.0g/L\;{\delta}-MnO_2$, at pH 5). All of the 11 tested phenoilic mediators belong to the group of natural occurring phenols and are widely used as model constituents of humic substances. From the results of HPLC analysis, it is demonstrated that 1-ID was not reactive to birnessite itself, but it can be effectively removed in birnessite-mediated cross coupling reactions in the presence of the phenolic mediators. The percent removals of 1-ID after 2 day incubation were ranged from 9.2 to 71.2% depending on the phenolic mediators applied. The initial rate constant ($K_{int}$, $hr^{-1}$) values for the 1-ID removals obtained from the pseudo-first-order kinetic plots also widely ranged from 0.18 to 15.0. Results of the correlative analysis between the removal efficiencies and structural characteristics of phenolic mediators indicate that the transformation of the 1-ID was considerably enhanced by the addition of electron-donating substituents (e.g., -OH, $-OCH_3$) at the benzne ring, and much less enhanced by the addition of electron-withdrawing substituents (e.g., -COOH, -CHO). The presence of HA showed that removal efficiencies of 1-ID in the birnessite-phenolic mediator systems decreased with increasing HA concentrations. However at low concentration of HA (< 2 mg/L), it caused some enhancement in the removals of 1-ID as compared to the control.