• 전기전자학회논문지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.511-516
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• 2021

AlGaN/GaN 반도체 위에 금속이 접합된 HEMT와 SiO₂와 NiO를 게이트 층간막으로 갖는 MOSHFET를 제작하고 NiO 박막에 따른 효과와 특성변화의 원인을 연구하였다. HEMT 구조에서 보인 -3.79 V의 문턱전압은 SiO₂를 층간막으로 했을 때 - 5.52 V로 -1.73 V의 음방향 변화를, NiO를 층간막으로 했을 때 -2.76 V로 +1.03 V의 양방향 변화를 나타냈다. 또 NiO MOSFET의 경우 선형성이 증가하여 넓은 범위에 걸쳐 균일한 트랜스컨덕턴스 특성을 나타냈으며 0 V 이상의 게이트 전압에서는 HEMT와 SiO₂ MOSHFET보다 더 높은 값을 보였다. 게이트에 입력된 펄스신호가 -5 V~0 V로 스윙할 때 HEMT의 포화 드레인 전류는 0.1 Hz~10 Hz의 주파수에서 20%의 감소를 보인 뒤 그 값을 유지하였으나, NiO MOSHFET은 10 Hz에서부터 지속적으로 감소하여 서로 다른 응답특성을 보였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권8호
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• pp.2517-2522
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• 2012

New polynuclear poly(hexaaza macrocyclic) copper(II) complexes $[1](ClO_4)_{2n}{\cdot}(H_2O)_{2n}$, $[2](ClO_4)_{2n}{\cdot}(H_2O)_{2n}$, and $[3](ClO_4)_{2n}{\cdot}(H_2O)_{2n}$ have been prepared by the one-pot reaction of formaldehyde with ethylenediamine and 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy)ethane, 1,3-diaminopropane, or 1,6-diaminohexane in the presence of the metal ion. The polymer complexes contain fully saturated 14-membered hexaaza macrocyclic units (1,3,6,8,10,13-hexaazacyclotetradecane) that are linked by $N-(CH_2)_2-O-(CH_2)_2-O-(CH_2)_2-N$, $N-(CH_2)_3-N$, or $N-(CH_2)_6-N$ chains. The mononuclear complex $[Cu(H_2L^5)](ClO_4)_4$ ($H_2L^5$ = a protonated form of $L^5$) bearing two $N-(CH_2)_2-O-(CH_2)_2-O-(CH_2)_2-NH_2$ pendant arms has also been prepared by the metal-directed reaction of ethylenediamine, 1,2-bis(2-aminoethoxy)ethane, and formaldehyde. The polymer complexes were characterized employing elemental analyses, FT-IR and electronic absorption spectra, molar conductance, X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and scanning electron micrograph (SEM). Electronic absorption spectra of the complexes show that each macrocyclic unit of them has square-planar coordination geometry with a 5-6-5-6 chelate ring sequence. The polymer complexes as well as $[Cu(H_2L^5)]^{4+}$ are quite stable even in concentrated $HClO_4$ solutions. Synthesis and characterization of the polynuclear and mononuclear copper(II) complexes are reported.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제28권10호
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• pp.1781-1786
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• 2007

Two copper(II) complexes, [CuL3](ClO4)2 bearing one N-CH2CH2CONH2 group as well as one N-CH2CH2CN group and [CuL4](ClO4)2 bearing two N-CH2CH2CONH2 groups, have been prepared by the selective hydrolysis of [CuL2](ClO4)2 (L2 = C-meso-1,8-bis(cyanoethyl)-5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). The complex [CuL5](ClO4)2 bearing one N-CH2CH2C(=NH)OCH3 and one N-CH2CH2CN groups has been prepared as the major product from the reaction of [CuL2](ClO4)2 with methanol in the presence of triethylamine. In acidic aqueous solution, the N-CH2CH2C(=NH)OCH3 group of [CuL5](ClO4)2 undergoes hydrolysis to yield [CuL6](ClO4)2 bearing both N-CH2CH2COOCH3 and N-CH2CH2CN groups. The crystal structure of [CuL5](ClO4)2 shows that the complex has a slightly distorted square-pyramidal coordination polyhedron with an apical Cu-N (N-CH2CH2C(=NH)OCH3 group) bond. The apical Cu-N bond distance (2.269(3) A) is ca. 0.06 A longer than the apical Cu-O (N-CH2CH2CONH2 group) bond of [CuL4](ClO4)2. The pendant amide group of [CuL3](ClO4)2 is involved in coordination. The carboxylic ester group of [CuL6](ClO4)2 is also coordinated to the metal ion in various solvents but is removed from the coordination sphere in the solid state.

• 대기
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.465-472
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• 2012

Using various observed data, we examined the evolution of tropical Pacific sea surface temperature (SST) during 2011-2012, with focusing on the development of 2012 El Ni$\tilde{n}$o. It is observed that a La Ni$\tilde{n}$a event during 2011 was followed by a moderate El Ni$\tilde{n}$o during 2012 summer. The 2012 summer El Ni$\tilde{n}$o initiated near the west coast of South America on February 2012, and continued to expand westward till August. Given this evolutionary pattern, the 2012 summer El Ni$\tilde{n}$o can be categorized as 'Eastern Pacific (EP) El Ni$\tilde{n}$o' because Ni$\tilde{n}$o-3 index is greater than Ni$\tilde{n}$o-4 index, and it may be the first well-defined EP El Ni$\tilde{n}$o since 2001. On February 2012, this event was initiated mainly by the local air-sea interaction, and at the same time the ocean heat content was accumulated over the tropical western Pacific due to the easterly wind anomaly over the tropical western Pacific. Then, the accumulated heat content slowly propagates to the tropical eastern Pacific, which attributes to maintain El Ni$\tilde{n}$o state during 2012 summer. After August, the positive SST anomaly over the equatorial eastern Pacific decays possibly due to the exhausted heat content and the weakening of air-sea interaction, but the weak positive SST anomaly over the central Pacific remains till now (2012 November).

• 한국농림기상학회지
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.160-164
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• 1999

현재 지구상에서 농업에 기인하여 배출되는 $N_2$O의 80% 정도가 지구의 온난화 뿐만 아니라 오존층 파괴에까지 영향을 미친다. 토양에서 수분함량 등과 관련한 유기태 탄소는 지하수면의 계절적 변화에 따라 탈질화를 결정하는 주요 요인이 되기도 하며 심층토의 탈질화 활동은 토양내 유기물을 분해하여 유기태 질소를 일시적으로 토양에 축적시키기도 한다. 그리고 토양의 관리방법, 폐기물의 토양처리, 질소질 비료의 시용 등이 $N_2$O 증가에 결정적 요인이 되기도 한다. 그러나 이러한 효과의 정도는 거의 알려져 있지 않을 뿐만 아니라 질산화나 탈질화와 같은 상반되는 과정과 제한 요소와 관련하여 범용적으로 적용할 수 있는 $N_2$O 방출을 예측하는 측정 계수와 같은 연구는 매우 미미한 상태이다. 그러므로 농업토양에서 비료와 유기물 시용 둥에 의해 발생하는 토양의 $N_2$O배출을 효율적으로 관리하기 위하여 심층토에서의 동적 역학적 $N_2$O 배출 측정과 관리 방법을 개발하여야 한다.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 1999년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.265-268
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• 1999

In this study, we investigated the electromagnetic Properties of M $n_{Y}$Z $n_{1-x}$ F $e_{x}$ $O_4$(X=0.67~0.69, Y=0.13~0.19) doped with and without H $o_2$ $O_3$(each of 0.05~ 0.2wt%, step 0.05wt%). The greatest initial permeability of composition is M $n_{0.17}$Z $n_{0.16}$F $e_{0.67}$ $O_4$. As X and Y components, increased. generally resistivity slightly change by the various X and Y components. The initial permeability of M $n_{0.17}$Z $n_{0.16}$F $e_{0.67}$ $O_4$ doped with H $o_2$ $O_3$ showed the about 2.5 times higher than that of M $n_{0.17}$Z $n_{0.16}$F $e_{0.67}$ $O_4$ doped without H $o_2$ $O_3$EX>EX>EX>X>>EX>EX>EX>X>

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• 제59권5호
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• pp.501-505
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• 2021

The pathogenic free-living amoeba Naegleria fowleri causes primary amoebic meningoencephalitis, a fatal infection, by penetrating the nasal mucosa and migrating to the brain via the olfactory nerves. N. fowleri can induce host cell death via lytic necrosis. Similar to phosphorylation, O-linked β-N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) glycosylation (O-GlcNAcylation) is involved in various cell-signaling processes, including apoptosis and proliferation, with O-GlcNAc addition and removal regulated by O-GlcNAc transferase and O-GlcNAcase (OGA), respectively. However, the detailed mechanism of host cell death induced by N. fowleri is unknown. In this study, we investigated whether N. fowleri can induce the modulation of O-GlcNAcylated proteins during cell death in Jurkat T cells. Co-incubation with live N. fowleri trophozoites increased DNA fragmentation. In addition, incubation with N. fowleri induced a dramatic reduction in O-GlcNAcylated protein levels in 30 min. Moreover, pretreatment of Jurkat T cells with the OGA inhibitor PUGNAc prevented N. fowleri-induced O-deGlcNAcylation and DNA fragmentation. These results suggest that O-deGlcNAcylation is an important signaling process that occurs during Jurkat T cell death induced by N. fowleri.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 1974

네자리 schiff리간드는 salicylaldehyde와 m-phenylenediamine을 Duff-반응 시킴으로써 N,N-bis(salicylaldehyde)-m-phenylenediimine을 합성하고 이 리간드와 Cu(II), Ni(II), Co(II) 및 Zn(II) 이온들과의 새로운 착물 Cu(II)$[C_{20}H_{14}O_2N_2]{\cdot}2H_2O, Co(II)[C_{20}H_{14}O_2N_2]{\cdot}2H_2O$ 및 Zn(II)$[C_{20}H_{14}O_2N_2]{\cdot}4H_2O$들을 합성하였다. 이들 착물에 대하여 가시부 흡수스펙트럼, 적외선스펙트럼, TGA, X-ray 회절 및 원소분석 결과에 의하여 Cu(II), Ni(II) 및 Co(II) 착물들은 리간드와 금속이 1:1 몰비 및 2수화물의 6배위 착물로 주어지며 Zn(II) 착물은 1:2 몰비 4배위 착물로 주어짐을 알았다

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.53-59
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• 1991

The reaction product between Si3N4 and ZrO2 has been studied by heat treatment of Si3N4-Zr(Y)O2 composite in high vacuum(<10-5 torr) and in air at $700^{\circ}C$. ZrN was formed after heat treatment in vacuum and easily oxidized after heat treatment in air. The amount of ZrN is related to the Y2O3 content dissolved in ZrO2. After the heat treatment in air the toughness increased and the spalling due to the oxidation of ZrN in specimen surface was observed. As a result, it is suggested that the formation of ZrN phase in Si3N4-ZrO2 composite enhance the toughness of the composite in an oxidation conditon.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.720-730
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• 2016

Greenhouse-gas emission factors are widely used to estimate emissions arising from a defined unit of a specific activity. Such estimates are used both for international reporting to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and for myriad national and sub-national reporting purposes (for example, European Union Emissions Trading Scheme; EU ETS). As with the other so-called 'Kyoto protocol GHGs', the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides a methodology for national and sub-national estimation of $N_2O$ emissions, based on the sector from which the emissions arise. The objective of this study was to develop a integrated emission factor to estimate the direct $N_2O$ emission from an agricultural field cultivated with the red pepper, soy bean, spring cabbage, autumn cabbage and potato in 2010~2012. Emission factor of $N_2O$ calculated using accumulated $N_2O$ emission, N fertilization rate, and background $N_2O$ emission over three year experiment was $0.00596{\pm}0.001337kg$ $N_2O-N(N\;kg)^{-1}$. More extensive studies need to be conducted to develop $N_2O$ emission factors for other upland crops in the various regions of Korea because $N_2O$ emission is influenced by many factors including climate characteristics, soil properties, and agricultural practices.