• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.133-142
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• 2006

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation focuses one's attention on the prevention of age-related diseases. This study was conducted to investigate the antioxidant status and lipid profiles and to look into the antioxidant vitamin supplementation that affects lipid metabolism in 20 elderly non-smoking Korean women (placebo group: n = 6, vitC suppl: n = 7, vitE suppl: n = 7). Age, height, weight, muscle, percent of fat and WHR were not significantly different among the groups, however $\%$ of fat was above $33\%$ and WHR was above 0.9. And blood pressure of the placebo group was 131.7/81.7 (border line hypertension), that of vitamin C supplement was 141.4/87.1 (hypertension) and that of vitamin E supplement was 151.4/92.9 (hypertension). Although nutrient intakes of all groups were poor, antioxidant status (blood vitamins C, E, A, and beta-carotene) and lipid profile (TG, total-cholesterol, VLDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol) were normal. For nutritional intervention, the vitamin C supplement group received L-ascorbic acid 1,000 mg, and vitamin E supplement group received d-alpha-tocopherol 400IU for 4 weeks, showing the effects of vitamin E supplementation. Response total cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (T-Chol/HDL) in vitamin E supplement group was significantly decreased from 4.3 to 3.2. And response LDL-cholesterol of HDL-cholesterol (LDL/HDL) in the vitamin E supplement group was also significantly decreased from 2.6 to 1.7. In addition, after the adjustment for plasma lipids (TG, total cholesterol), plasma vitamin A levels in vitamin E supplement group were significantly increased from 7.89 mg/g to 14.91 mg/g. And systolic blood pressure in vitamin E supplement group was significantly reduced. These results suggested that vitamin E supplementation affects the lipid profiles and blood pressure in elderly non-smoking women. So various nutrition programs must be implemented against age-related diseases and further studies are needed regarding sorts and amounts of antioxidant nutrients and supplementation periods.

• Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.146-154
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• 2004

This study compared intake of vitamins and antioxidant nutritional status of smokers and nonsmokers, and the effect of supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E on antioxidant system of smokers and nonsmokers. Subjects were 30 smokers and 30 non-smokers of male university students. They were divided into groups of 10 subjects each one with supplementation for 4 weeks, to investigate the effects of supplementation. Smokers were divided into vitamin C supplement group, vitamin E supplement group and vitamin C and vitamin E combination supplement group, and so were nonsmokers. The supplementation of vitamin C was 500mg and vitamin E was 400IU. There was no significant difference of antioxidant vitamin intakes between smokers and non-smokers, and plasma concentration of vitamin C in smokers was lower than non-smokers (p<0.05). Blood pressure was higher in smokers (p<0.05), with no difference in blood glucose levels, methemoglobin and TBARS, but SOD activity was significantly higher in non-smokers (p<0.001). Vitamin C supplementation resulted in a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure (p<0.01), systolic blood pressure (p<0.001) and methemoglobin (p<0.001) in smokers. Also a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), systolic blood pressure (p<0.05), blood glucose (p<0.05), methemoglobin (p<0.001) and TBARS (p<0.05), with significant increase of SOD activity (p<0.001) were found in vitamin E supplement group. In vitamin C and vitamin E combination supplement group, there was a significant decrease of diastolic blood pressure (p<0.05), methemoglobin (p<0.01) and TBARS (p<0.05). In non-smokers, methemoglobins (p<0.001) of vitamin C supplement group and vitamin E supplement group decreased, and diastolic pressure (p<0.05), methemoglobin (p<0.01) and TBARS (p<0.05) significantly decreased in vitamin C and vitamin E combination supplement group. These results indicated better efficacy of antioxidant supplementation in smokers than in nonsmokers, suggesting that the supplementation of vitamin C and vitamin E might decrease the oxidative stress and various risk factors of smoking-related diseases.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1687-1696
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• 2015

Supplementation with probiotics can protect against the development of food allergies by modulating the host immune response; however, the mechanisms are not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the allergy-reducing effects of regulatory dendritic cells (regDCs) induced by Lactobacillus paracasei L9 (L9) in β-lactoglobulin (BLG)-sensitized mice. The L9 supplement suppressed the aberrant balance of Th1/Th2 responses to BLG in mice, via upregulation of the CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cell responses. The amount of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg cells in mesenteric lymph nodes increased by 51.85%. Furthermore, administration of L9 significantly induced the expression of CD103 and reduced the maturation status of DCs in mesenteric lymph nodes, Peyer's patches, and spleen. Bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BM-DCs) were activated by L9 in vitro, with an approximate 1.31-fold and 19.57-fold increase in expression of CD103 in CD11c+DCs and the level of IL-10 production, respectively, while the expression of CD86 did not change significantly. These data demonstrate that L9 reduced the BLG allergic sensitization, likely through regDCs mediated active suppression.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.169-173
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• 2014

The aim of present study was to improve the quality of silage using lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and chlorella as a supplement. Italian ryegrass (IRG) mediated silage was prepared with lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum) and different concentration of chlorella. We analyzed the nutritional profiles such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrient (TDN) and in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), microbial counts and fermentative acids such as lactic acid, acetic acid and butyric acid in the control and experimental silage after three months. It shows increased crude protein content and also maintains the rest of nutritional values as compared with control silage. LAB inoculation with chlorella as supplementation slightly reduced the pH of the silage. In addition, it increased the fermentative acids production as compared with control silage and inhibits the undesired microbial growth especially fungi in the silage. Therefore, we suggest that LAB inoculation and chlorella supplementation to the IRG mediated silage could be improved the nutritional quality of the silage which is an intrinsic feature for the application in the preparation of animal feeds and functional foods.

• Korean Journal of Exercise Nutrition
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.38-44
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• 2021

[Purpose] Exercise can prevent conditions such as atrophy and degenerative brain diseases. However, owing to individual differences in athletic ability, exercise supplements can be used to improve a person's exercise capacity. Schisandra chinensis (SC) is a natural product with various physiologically active effects. In this study, we analyzed SC using a pharmacological network and determined whether it could be used as an exercise supplement. [Methods] The active compounds of SC and target genes were identified using the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database and Analysis Platform (TCMSP). The active compound and target genes were selected based on pharmacokinetic (PK) conditions (oral bioavailability (OB) ≥ 30%, Caco-2 permeability (Caco-2) ≥ -0.4, and drug-likeness (DL) ≥ 0.18). Gene ontology (GO) was analyzed using the Cytoscape software. [Results] Eight active compounds were identified according to the PK conditions. Twenty-one target genes were identified after excluding duplicates in the eight active compounds. The top 10 GOs were analyzed using GO-biological process analysis. GO was subsequently divided into three representative categories: postsynaptic neurotransmitter receptor activity (53.85%), an intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling pathway (36.46%), and endopeptidase activity (10%). SC is related to immune function. [Conclusion] According to the GO analysis, SC plays a role in immunity and inflammation, promotes liver metabolism, improves fatigue, and regulates the function of steroid receptors. Therefore, we suggest SC as an exercise supplement with nutritional and anti-fatigue benefits.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.91-100
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• 2006

Effects of the supplement of earthworm cast produced from the feeding of organic wastes and earthworm on the productivity and nutritional constituents of functional eggs were investigated. Compared with control experiments, the case supplemented with earthworm cast showed high ratios in egg production, selection and the reserved feed. According to the experiment with earthworm, both the number of jumbo eggs and the quantity of reserved feed were increased. Therefore, the nutritional effect of earthworm in the feed was positive. The optimum percentage of earthworm cast in the feed was 10%: the average laying increased to 96.8, which was a 5% increase; the ratio of the large eggs increased by 5% although the ratio of jumbo eggs and of extra large eggs decreased by 5% and 1.1%, respectively; the average reserved feed was 662.5g. Also, Beauveria bassiana was inoculated into the feed as valuable microorganisms to prevent the growth of pathogen and to obtain essential amino acid. With the inoculatio of B. bassiana KACC 40039, the average laying was 0.82/hen and with B. bassiana HYB, it was 0.77/hen. Those numbers were three to eight percentage over the control. As for the effect of inoculation of B. bassiana in the feed on the production of broken eggs, B. bassiana KACC 40039 produced no broken eggs. Analysis of nutritional contents of eggs showed the increase in protein content and decrease in lipid content when compared with the control. According to these results, increase in the income of farmers can be expected.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 1993

This balance study was performed to investigate nutritional effects of guar gum and calcium supplement for 8 weeks. 36 male rate of Sprague-Dawley strain weighing 50g were blocked into six groups : 5CN, 5GN, 5CS, 5GS, FFN, 10GN. Food intake, body weight gains, FER, PER, bioavailabity of energy, protein, fat, Ca and P, and Ca & P content of femur and kidney was measured. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: (1) Feed intake, weight gains, FER, PER and bioavailabilities of protein and P and the contents of Ca & P in femur of 5GB were significantly higher than 5CN and 5CS (p<0.05) but was not significant different with those 5GN. Fat bioavailabilities of 5GS was significantly lower than 5CN and 5GN (p<0.05) but was not significant different with those of 5CS. Ca contents of kidney of 5GS was significantly higher than 5CN and 5GN(p<0.05) but was not significant different with those of 5SC. (2) According to guar gum levels feed intake. FER and PER were not sifgnificantly different among groups but body weight gains, bioavailabilities of energy, protein, fat and Ca, Ca & P content of femur was significantly decreased (p<0.05). Bioavailabilities of P was significantly increased according to the guar gum levels (p<0.05). Ca contents in Kidney of 10GN was significantly higher those of 5GN(p<0.05) but P contents in kidney was not significant difference by guar gum levels. Therefore 5% supplemental guar gum in diet of obese man and diebetics could be recommended. But it should be careful in using 10% guar gum in diet.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.332-339
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• 2012

The components of Magnolia officinalis have well known to act anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative and neuroprotective activities. These efficacies have been sold many products as nutritional supplement extracted from bark of Magnolia officinalis. Thus, to assess and compare neuroprotective effect in the nutritional supplement (Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$, Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA) and our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea), we investigated memorial improving and anti-Alzheimer's disease effects of extract products of Magnolia officinalis in a transgenic AD mice model. Oral pretreatment of two extract products of Magnolia officinalis (10 mg/kg/day in 0.05% ethanol) into drinking water for 3 months ameliorated memorial dysfunction and prevented $A{\beta}$ accumulation in the brain of Tg2576 mice. In addition, extract products of Magnolia officinalis also decreased expression of ${\beta}$-site APP cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1), amyloid precursor protein (APP) and its product, C99. Although both two extract products of Magnolia officinalis could show preventive effect of memorial dysfunction and $A{\beta}$ accumulation, our ethanol extract of Magnolia officinalis (BioLand LTD, Korea) could be more effective than Magnolia $Extract^{TM}$ (Health Freedom Nutrition LLC, USA). Therefore, our results showed that extract products of Magnolia officinalis were effective for prevention and treatment of AD through memorial improving and anti-amyloidogenic effects via down-regulating ${\beta}$-secretase activity, and neuroprotective efficacy of Magnolia extracts could be differed by cultivating area and manufacturing methods.

• Kidney Research and Clinical Practice
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.384-392
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• 2018

Background: A very low protein diet (VLPD) with ketoacid analogs of essential amino acids (KA/EAA) administration can remarkably influence protein synthesis and metabolic disturbances of patients with advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD), and may also slow the decline in renal function. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was carried out to monitor renal progression and metabolic and nutritional status among 140 patients with CKD stage III or IV. One group (n = 70) was on a low protein diet (LPD) with 0.6 g of protein intake, and another group (n = 70) was on a VLPD with 0.3 g of protein and KA/EAA supplementation of 100 mg/kg/day for 12 months. Results: At 12-month follow-up, estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) significantly decreased from $41.6{\pm}10.2$ to $36.4{\pm}8.8mL/min/1.73m^2$ (P < 0.001) and urine protein increased from $0.6{\pm}0.5$ to $0.9{\pm}1.1g/day$ (P = 0.017) in the LPD group, but no significant changes in estimated GFR and urine protein were found in the VLPD plus KA/EAA group. A significant mean difference in rate of change in estimated GFR ($-5.2{\pm}3.6mL/min/1.73m^2$ per year; P < 0.001) was observed between the two groups. After Cox regression analysis, treatment with VLPD plus KA/EAA significantly protected against the incidence of declining GFR > 10% annually (adjusted hazard ratio, 0.42; 95% confidence interval, 0.23-0.79; P = 0.006) and significant correlations were found between using VLPD plus KA/EEA and increased GFR. Conclusion: VLPD supplementation with KA/EAA is associated with delayed renal progression while preserving the nutritional status in the patients with CKD. Co-administration of VLPD and KA/EAA may prove an effective alternative to conservative management of CKD.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.55 no.4
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• pp.450-461
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• 2022

Purpose: DNA damage and repair responses are induced by metabolic diseases and environmental stress. The balance of DNA repair response and the antioxidant system play a role in modulating the entire body's health. This study uses a high-fat and high-calorie (HFC) drink to examine the new roles of a plant-based multivitamin/mineral supplement with phytonutrients (PMP) for regulating the antioxidant system and cellular DNA repair signaling in the body resulting from metabolic stress. Methods: In a double-blind, randomized, parallel-arm, and placebo-controlled trial, healthy adults received a capsule containing either a PMP supplement (n = 12) or a placebo control (n = 12) for 8 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected at 0, 1, and 3 hours after consuming a HFC drink (900 kcal). The blood samples were analyzed for the following oxidative stress makers: areas under the curve reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, plasma malondialdehyde (MDA), erythrocytes MDA, urinary MDA, oxidized low-density lipoprotein, and the glutathione:oxidized glutathione ratio at the time points. We further examined the related protein levels of DNA repair signaling (pCHK1 (Serine 345), p-P53 (Serine 15), and 𝛄H2AX expression) in the plasma of subjects to evaluate the time-dependent effects of a HFC drink. Results: In a previous study, we showed that PMP supplementation for eight weeks reduces the ROS and endogenous DNA damage in human blood plasma. Results of the current study further show that PMP supplementation is significantly correlated with antioxidant defense. Compared to the placebo samples, the blood plasma obtained after PMP supplementation showed enhanced DNA damage response genes such as pCHK1(Serine 345) (a transducer of DNA response) and 𝛄H2AX (a hallmark of DNA damage) during the 8 weeks trial on metabolic challenges. Conclusion: Our results indicate that PMP supplementation for 8 weeks enhances the antioxidant system against oxidative stress and prevents DNA damage signaling in humans.