• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.373-385
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• 2005

This study was carried out to investigate the lactation and weaning practice of infants and their mothers' attitude on infant nutrition. We interviewed 152 mothers in three pediatric clinics located in Sokcho city. From this survey, $76.3\%$ of infants was fed colostrum milk during first one week of life. During the first 4 months, $31.6\%$ of infants was fed breast-milk, while $42.8\%$ of them was fed bottled-milk. More housewives fed their babies with breast milk than the working mothers. Infants ate first weaning food at 5.73$\pm$1.86 months of life. Highly educated mothers showed positive response to the questionnaire : Breast-feeding is good for baby but it requires mother's sacrifice, and Breast-feeding may ruin the good shape of mothers. Highly income mothers responded negatively to the statement : Breast-feeding is not a must for infants since bottled-milk is a good substitution for breast-milk. Comparing with the mothers whose income was about 1 -2 million won per month, with ones who got paid less than 1 million won per month the former responded positively to : Breast-feeding is good for baby but it requires mother's sacrifice. Mothers recognized the importance of weaning in the following order : Supply of nutrition, Enforcement of digestion and absorption capability, Variety of taste, Disease prevention, Development of self-reliance, and Development of baby tooth. To improve the infants' nutritional status, education program on infant nutrition should be organized and run for the pregnant and lactating women in obstetrician and pediatric clinics and through the mass media as well.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2006

This is an analysis of the dietary behavior, nutrient intake status and INQ(Index of nutritional quality) of 129 college women according to their residences in the Daegu area. The average height and weight were 160.0 cm and 54.5 kg respectively. Diet intake data were obtained by using the 24-hour recall method to evaluate the usual diet of the subjects. The energy intake of the group, living alone was higher than that of living a roommate and living at home. Ca, Fe, Zn and folate intakes were low in all the groups. The composition rate of carbohydrate, protein and fat for energy intake was 58.9 : 15.5 : 25.6 in living alone, 59.9 : 15.1 : 25.0 in living with a roommate and 61.2 : 15.5 : 23.3 in living at home, compared with the preferred of 65 : 15 : 20. The group living alone showed significantly better mean adequacy ratio(MAR, 0.7) than the other groups (p<0.05). The group living with a roommate showed significantly better INQ in vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.01) and Fe (p<0.05) than the other groups did In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in college women in Daegu is considerably lower than the RDA values. Furthermore the group living alone showed better dietary behavior and nutrient intake status than the other groups. A nutrition education program for college women is necessary.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.452-462
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• 2012

The study was conducted to investigate the dietary behaviors and lifestyles of Korean university students and Chinese international students in the Jeonbuk area. Self-administered questionnaires were collected from 241 Korean university students and 198 Chinese international students. Statistical data analysis was completed using SPSS v. 12.0. Breakfast-skipping among subjects was very common, and the most frequently given reason for skipping this meal was 'lack of time'. More than 85% of Korean male students and 75% of Korean female students reported regularly eating lunch in university canteens or restaurants around campus, whereas 86% of Chinese male students and 82% of Chinese female students regularly ate their lunches in university canteens or at home. About 62% of Korean male students, 72% of Korean female students, 48% of Chinese male students, and 70% of Chinese female students responded that they do not regularly eat dinner, the main reasons cited for this being 'irregularity of lifestyle' and 'part-time work'. Snack intake by the subjects was high. Beverages were the snack item most frequently consumed by Korean and Chinese male students, whereas cookies and fruits were most frequently consumed by Korean and Chinese female students. About 28% of Korean male students and 44% of Chinese male students were smokers, respectively. Half of Chinese female students drank alcohol once or twice a week. About 42% of Korean male students and 65% of Chinese male students played sports, respectively. Dietary behaviors and lifestyles of Korean and Chinese students tended to be very similar. Chinese students performed more health-oriented activities in comparison to Korean students. In conclusion, a practical and foreigner-friendly nutritional education program should be devised in order to correct the dietary behaviors and health-related lifestyles of Korean and Chinese students.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.27 no.5
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• pp.500-511
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• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the anthropometric data, bone density, serum profiles, nutrient intakes and diet quality of premenopausal and postmenopausal women. For the study, we obtained data for analysis from the combined 2008~2011 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). The height and weight were 157.8 cm and 58.7 kg in premenopausal women and 155.5 cm and 58.3 kg in postmenopausal women, respectively. The obesity rate was 27.49% in premenopausal women and 34.98% in postmenopausal women (p<0.001). Total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, GOT, GPT and alkaline phosphatase in postmenopausal women were significantly higher than those in premenopausal women (p<0.001). The prevalence of osteoporosis was 0.0~0.89% in premenopausal women and 0.48~13.22% in postmenopausal women (p<0.001). In postmenopausal women, rates of hypertension, stroke, myocardial infarction, depression, and diabetes were significantly higher than those in premenopausal women. Water, fat. ash, sodium, retinol, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin intakes in premenopausal women were significantly higher than those in postmenopausal women. Water, fiber, Ca, and, K intakes were below KDRIs (Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans) in both groups. The mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of premenopausal women was higher than that of postmenopausal women (p<0.001). The index of nutritional quality (INQ) in premenopausal women was also higher than that of postmenopausal women except iron and vitamin C. Therefore dietary guidelines and an education program should be developed for desirable improvement of health, bone density, nutrient status and dietary quality of postmenopausal women.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.629-641
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• 2006

The objectives of this study were to: (a) examine the overall operating conditions of both government-dominant and non-governmental food bank programs, (b) understand the operational management attributes on the target based on IPA (importance performance analysis) (c) analyze the present status of donating management, and (d) suggest a direction based on the analysis of advantages and disadvantages of food banks in each part. The random samples of 120 food bank operators were selected by a proportionate stratified random sampling method. A total of 60 government-dominant food banks and 25 non-governmental food banks were analyzed. The main results of this study were as follows: Accord-ing to the Importance-Performance Analysis of operational management, 'assistance for operating funds' and 'deployment of experience staff' were placed at 'Focus Here'. There was a great shortage of experienced staff with food bank-specific knowledge. The average number of the government-dominant and non-governmental food bank program employees was 0.29 and 0.30 respectively, while the ratios of employees with other jobs were 0.96 and 0.83 respectively. Shortages of refrigeration facilities were an area that needs to be addressed. While 51.6% of donated food required cold storage, only 45% of government-dominant and 60% of non-governmental food bank programs had refrigeration facilities. Most of food bank operators (96.3%) were required to visit the donators' locations to pick up the donated foods. And the foods were distributed to the people in need, especially to the livelihood protectee.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.299-310
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• 2011

To establish good dietary behavior for middle school students, this study was conducted to analyze the needs of nutrition education and eating attitudes of 373 middle school students(boys 171, girls 202) in Hwaseong city. Using questionnaires, results were gathered and analyzed. Dietary behavior, food group intake and the needs of nutrition education were scored by a five-point Likert scale. Chi-square and student t-test were done for significant gender difference. The correlation between the needs of nutrition education with dietary behavior and food group intake was obtained by Pearson's r. The dietary attitude of 'try to eat first' and 'eating fast' were higher score in boys than in girls(p<0.05). Most of the students thought they didn't have any nutritional problems(71.8%). Nutrition education was considered necessary(54.9%) for proper growth and development(53.0%) in middle school. But 45.1% of students did not suggest by the reasons of 'short time to change'(28.2%), 'more effective in home'(27.4%). The appropriate time of nutrition education was pre-school(28.2%) or elementary school(27.4%), once a week(boys 51%, girls 71.3%) in frequency(p<0.001), and the information acquired by TV/Radio(30.0%) and internet(26.6%). Students(46.0%) wanted to know about 'growth and nutrition'. They were to learn information on the 'healthy growth'(4.10) and 'adolescent nutrition'(4.03). The vegetables group consumption and the thought of dietary attitude 'try to modify bad eating habits' were correlated with almost all categories of desired nutrition education. Through these results, good eating habits would be attained by nutrition education. A nutrition education program would require an expert teacher for middle school students.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.193-201
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• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to describe the use pattern of alternative therapies in middle aged women. Method: The subjects of this study were 530 women from 40 to 64 years of age. The data of this study was patients' records. The data was gathered from April 1st, 2004 to June 30th, 2004. Data was analyzed statistically by using the SPSS/WIN 10.0 program. Result: It was shown that 63.5% of the subjects have utilized one or more types of alternative therapy. The most common type of alternative therapy was dietary and nutritional therapy 38.3%, and the place of use was the home 64.1%. The most common reason was a recommendation by friends. The degree of satisfaction after the use of alternative therapy was 95.2%. Among users of alternative therapies, the most frequent responses to each question were as follows; Motive of Use- "for health maintenance and promotion." (62.7%) In the relation ship between general characteristics and utilization of alternative therapy, religion(x2=12.33, p=.02), exercise(x2=8.21, p=.004), and health status(x2=14.95, p=.005) showed a significant statistical difference. Conclusion: We found that middle aged women used alternative therapies more frequently than other populations. Therefore, it is suggested that medical doctors or nurses verify the true effects or side-effects from the most therapies or nurses verify the true effects or side-effects from the most common complementary or alternative therapies through experiments.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Fundamentals of Nursing
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.122-136
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• 2000

Stroke patient needs rehabilitation after receiving an acute treatment in a hospital. When stroke patient gets involved in an early discharge program, home care nurse plays a pivotal role to make them to gain a full strength and to come back to his/her prior life before he/she is sick. In spite of the importance of home care nursing intervention protocol for home care nurses to perform home care nursing autonomously, home care nursing intervention protocol for stroke patient is rarely developed. Therefore this study was conducted to develop home care nursing protocol that is applicable for stroke patients in home care nursing area. 41 home care nursing charts for stroke patients registered in home care nursing agencies from December 1st 1994 to August 31st 1999 at Y hospitals in Seoul and Won-Ju city were analyzed. 44 home care nurses who were having over three years' experience on stroke patients were participated in this study as a user validity validation group. The results of this study are as follows. 1. 28 nursing diagnoses were selected on the basis of evaluation of nursing diagnoses of stroke patients presented in a previous literature and case studies on home care nursing. 2. 17 nursing diagnoses were classified through the frequency analysis of home care nursing charts for 41 stroke patients who had received home care nursing. The order of sequence was like these: impaired skin integrity, risk for infection, nutritional deficit, impaired physical mobility, constipation, knowledge deficit, ineffective airway clearance, anxiety in family members, risk for aspiration, self care deficit, altered urinary elimination, ineffective individual coping, social isolation, risk for injury, self-esteem disturbance, impaired verbal communication, fatigue of family caregiver. 3. Based on validation on expert and user validities, 44 nursing interventions which were above ICV=.80 were chosen. 4. Nursing intervention protocols which showed above ICV=.90 were developed and were like these; pressure ulcer care, position change, preventive care for circulatory dysfunction, tube care : catheter, vital sign monitor, constipation/impaction management, artificial airway management, suction of airway secretion, environmental management : safety, and fall prevention.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.12-21
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• 2009

The study was performed to investigate the relationship of regular exercise to body composition and nutrient intakes of male college students by comparing anthropometric measurements and one-day dietary intakes by 24-hour recall of physical education (PE) majors and non-major male college students. The subjects were 253 students residing in the Gyeonggi area. Only 64.1% and 32.1% of PE majors and non-major students exercised over 4 times a week and PE major students did stronger exercise than the non-major students did. Mean BMI and WHR (Waist Hip Ratio) of the two groups were not different. But percentages of body fat and lean body mass in PE major students were lower and higher, respectively, than those of non-major students. PE major students consumed significantly more energy and other nutrients except iron, niacin, vitamin C, and vitamin E than non-major students. Nutrients consumed less than KRDA was calcium in PE major students and energy, calcium, zinc, vitamin $B_{12}$, folate, and vitamin C in non-major students. Mean adequacy ratio (MAR) of PE major students (1.00) was significantly higher than that of non-major students (0.94). Index of Nutritional Quality (INQ) of all nutrients except vitamin A of PE major students was also significantly higher than that of non-major students. Nutrients below 1.00 in INQ of both groups were calcium, zinc, vitamin B2, and folate. Our data supports that regular exercise may positively influence on body composition and increase diet quality in male college students. Therefore, an educational program focused on regular exercise along with proper dietary behavior would be needed.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.214-217
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• 2013

Twenty-nine Korean wheat cultivars were analyzed for 8 important minerals (Cu, Fe, Mn, Zn, Ca, K, Mg and P) using Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES). A hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) was applied to classify wheat cultivars, which has a similarity in mineral compositions. The concentration ranges of the micro-minerals Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn: 0.12~0.71 mg/100 g, 2.89~5.89 mg/100 g, 1.65~4.48 mg/100 g, and 2.58~6.68 mg/100 g, respectively. The content ranges of the macro-minerals Ca, K, Mg and P: 31.3~46.3 mg/100 g, 288.2~383.3 mg/100 g, 113.6~168.6 mg/100 g, and 286.2~416.5 mg/100 g, respectively. The HCA grouped 6 clusters from all wheat samples and a significant variance was observed in the mineral composition of each group. Among the 6 clusters, the second group was high in Fe and Ca, whereas the fourth group had high Cu, Mn and K concentrations; the fifth cluster was high in Zn, Mg and P. The variation in mineral compositions in Korean wheat cultivars can be used in the wheat breeding program to develop a new wheat cultivar with high mineral content, thus to improve the nutritional profile of wheat grains.