• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.207-213
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• 2015

High-quality protein ingredients have been used in nursery diets, in spite of expensive ingredients, to minimize nutritional deficiency and disease problems. Recent dramatic increases in prices of protein products for nursery diets have exacerbated the challenge. Spray-dried egg may be a part of the solutions. Therefore, this review describes the value of spray-dried egg in nursery diets as a high-quality protein source. Spray-dried egg is egg by-product and is produced by only eggs without shell that are below the USDA Grade B standards. Spray-dried egg is an excellent nutrient source: 1) highly digestible, 2) excellent balance of amino acids, 3) rich content of fat, and 4) high metabolizable energy. These can be attributed to growth of nursery pigs. Beyond the provision of bioavailable nutrients, spray-dried egg also may provide specific physiological benefits. Spray-dried egg contains 1) immunoglobulin antibodies (IgY: IgG in egg yolk) that may attach to intestinal pathogens and excrete them and 2) lysozymes antimicrobial protein that can damage bacteria cell wall. Thereby feeding spray-dried egg may reduce concentration of intestinal pathogen and thus improve potential gut health or enteric disease resistance in nursery pigs. This is important for physiologically immature weaned pigs. Based on these benefits, spray-dried egg is believed to have the same benefits as spray-dried plasma protein and milk products in diets for nursery pigs. Therefore, it is suggested that spray-dried egg has a great potential as a valuable protein source in nursery diets.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.17
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• pp.7473-7478
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• 2015

Background: Kermanshahi oil is one the most favorable oils in Iran especially in Kermanshah province. We aimed to evaluate the role of usual intake of Kermanshahi oil and other kinds of dietary fats as well as different meats, vegetables and fruits, carbohydrates, cereals, grains, sweets, candy and lifestyle habits in risk of breast cancer. Materials and Methods: A case-control study with 47 consecutive, newly diagnosed premenopausal breast-cancer patients and 105 age and socioeconomic matched healthy women was conducted from 2013-2014 in Imam Reza hospital of Kermanshah using a standardized, validated questionnaire assessing various anthropometric, socio-demographic, lifestyle and dietary characteristics. Results: Kermanshahi oil intake was associated with a 2.1-fold (OR=2.123, 95% CI 1.332-3.38) (p=0.002) higher likelihood of having breast cancer, while daily intake of other solid animal fats also increased the likelihood by 2.8-fold (OR = 2.754, 95% CI 1.43-5.273) (p < 0.001), after various adjustments made. Lack of fish oil, white meat, vegetables, soy products, nuts and dairy products (especially during adolescence) in daily regimens and lack of sun exposure were significantly associated with premenopausal breast cancer risk in this region. Conclusions: This study suggested that animal fat increases the risk of premenopausal breast cancer but many other dietary and non-dietary factors including calcium and vitamin D deficiency are consistently associated with increased odds of breast cancer in this region.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.395-401
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Potassium (K) is one of the macronutrients which are essential for plant growth and development. Its deficiency in paddy soils is becoming one of the limiting factors for increasing rice yield in Asia. METHODS AND RESULTS: To investigate physiological symptoms under K-starvation (NP) compared with complete media (NPK) condition, we measured shoot/root length, weight, nutrients, and patterns of protein expression. The shoot growth was significantly reduced, but root growth was not affected by K-starvation. However, biomasses were decreased in both shoot and root. Uptake of K was reduced up to 85%, while total concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Na were increased in root and shoot. To better understand the starved K mechanism of rice, comparative proteome analysis for proteins isolated from rice leaves was conducted using 2-DGE. Five spots of differentially expressed proteins were analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. Analysis of these K-starvation response proteins suggested that they were involved in metabolism and defense. CONCLUSION(s): Physiological and 2-DGE based proteomics approach used in our study results in observation of morphology or nutrients change and identification of K-starvation responsive proteins in rice root. These results have important roles in maintaining nutrient homeostasis and would also be useful for further characterization of protein function in plant K nutrition.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.349-356
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• 1995

To produce PHA(polyhydroxyalkanoic acid) from microbr, dozens of microorganism have been screened from sewage sludge. Selected a strain HJ out of 50 strains of PHA producing bacteria has a capability of accumulating large amounts of PHB/HV copolymer when grown in batch culture with a single carbon source (glucose) that was not generally considered as precursor of hydroxyvalerate monomer unit. The strain HJ was identified as the genus Pseudomonas with respect to morphological, cultural, and biochemical characteristics. The optimal temperature and pH for cell growth were $37^{\circ}C$ and 7.0. The optimal medium compositions for cell growth were glucose 1% as a carbon source, (NH4) 2SO4 0.2% as a nitrogen source, K2HPO4 0.3%, and KH2PO4 0.45%. TO investigate she optimal condition for PHA production two-step cultivation method was employed. PHA production was inducted by deficiency of NH4+, SO4-2, Mg+2. Besides carbon source, deficiency of all nutrients stimulated PHA productivity but deficiency of NH4+ stimulated the most HV monomer content. The highest PHA production was C/N molar ratio 95.2. Pseudomonas sp. HJ was also able to pyoduc PHB/HV copolymer when cultivated on alkane, alkanoate, alcohol as carbon sources. The contents of PHA and she proportions of hydroxyvalerate monomer units varied depending on the carbon sources. Especially Pseudomonas sp. HJ was able to incorporate hydroxyvalerate into PHB/HV to level as high as from 49 to 74 mol% when grown in a medium containing hexadecane and propionate. The purified PHA was identified PHB/HV copolymer by HNMR analysis.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.101-107
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• 1998

Biological treatment of Arabian light crude oil-contaminated pebble was investigated in laboratory microcosms after supplementation with inorganic nutrients and oil-degrading microorganisms. Glass columns ($10cm{\times}20cm$) were used as microcosms and each microcosm was filled with pebbles of diameter less than 40 mm. After initial oil contamination of 2.4% (w/v), Inipol EAP-22 or slow release fertilizer (SRF) was added as inorganic nutrients and microorganisms were sprayed over pebbles. When $C_{17}$/pristane and $C_{18}$/phytane ratios were used as a marker for oil biodegradation, both ratios for microcosm supplemented with SRF and microorganisms were the lowest (below detectable range) after 92 days. Elimination of oil by abiotic processes, however, were minimal with decrease of $C_{17}$/pristane and $C_{18}$/phytane ratios from 3.55 and 2.41 to 3.06 and 1.50, respectively. The numbers of heterotrophic and oil-degrading microorganisms, and biological activity (dehydrogenase activity) corresponded to the course of biodegradation activities in all microcosms. During the whole experimental period, there was no significant nutrient deficiency only in the microcosm with SRF and microorganisms. It seemed that a continuous supply of inorganic nutrients using SRF was the most important factor for the successful performance of biological treatment in oil-contaminated pebbles.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.88 no.3
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• pp.335-341
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• 1999

To investigate the effect of sulfate deposition un forest tree nutrition, 15 forest stands of Pinus thunbergii were selected throughout Yochon industrial complex, in which is influenced by chronic air pollution. Concentrations of sulfate sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, and magnesium were analysed fur current and 1-year-old needles of Pinus thunbergii tree. The results obtained were as follows ; 1. Significant higher accumulation of sulfate S, computed with that of unpolluted needles, was observed at all sites, ranging front 0.11% to 0.35% in current needles, and from 0.13% to 0.32% in 1-year-old needles. 2. Ranging from 0.60% to 1.42% in current needles, and from 0.58% to 0.88% 1-year-old needles, respectively, nitrogen concentrations were significantly lower at 7 sites for current needles, and at all sites for 1-year-old needles than at unpolluted site. 3. Phosphorus and potassium levels were significantly lower at very few sites, compared with unpolluted site. 4. Calcium concentrations were significantly lower at 8 sites and 9 sites for current and 1-year old needles than at unpolluted site, ranging from 0.123% to 0.352% and from 0.201% to 0.371% in 1-year old needles, respectively. 5. Ranking from 0.077% to 0.152% in current needles, and from 0.056% to 0.105% in 1-year-old needles, magnesium concentrations were lower at only 2 sites for current needles tut at 12 sites for 1-year-old needles. 6. There were significant declines of concentrations of calcium and magnesium in current needles as sulfate accumulation increased. For 1-year-old needles, there were significant negative correlations-hips between sulfate and nitrogen, potassium, calcium, and magnesium concentration. It is concluded that deposition of sulfuric air pollutant deteriorated nutrients status, resulting in tree decline, in Pinus thunbergii forest in Yochon industrial complex.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.83-85
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• 2012

The causes of blossom-end rot (BER) are still not understood clearly, although there was a lot of research on the development of BER over 100 years. This experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of Ca content of fruit on the incidence of BER in red pepper. BER affected fruits and healthy fruits had been harvested and the samples were divided into two parts, the upper and the lower, for chemical analysis to determine the content of mineral nutrients in the tissue. The content of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K) and magnesium (Mg) was higher in the BER affected fruits and the difference of each nutrient content was revealed much larger in the lower part of the fruit but there were no significant differences in calcium content between the BER and the healthy fruits of red pepper, in this experiment. The results indicate that it is difficult to find a certain relation between the calcium content of the fruit and the occurrence of blossom-end rot.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.39-55
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of an uncooked powdered food(UPF) on the weight loss and changes of the biochemical nutritional status for 20 overweight and 26 obese women in Iksan area. We just replaced common breakfast and dinner of the subjects with UPF. Their dietary intake status was evaluated by 24-hour recall method. Also anthropometric and biochemical measurements before and after the UPF program were estimated. The intake of energy, lipid and protein decreased and the quality of meals improved as people started to take UPF. Due to the energy loss by taking UPF, weight and body fat decreased significantly. The percentage of the body fat was high among the weight lost, from which we judged that the process of losing weight was successful. It is hard to predict whether weight loss will occur to people who are already in shape or not, but if overweight and obesity people regularly take UPF instead of other food products, we assume that UPF will help lessening the body fat. The most positive change among biochemical changes by taking UPF was the decrease of serum lipid contents. When overweight and obesity women replaced two out of three meals with UPF for 3 month period, no significant nutritional problems occurred. It seems that the 12weeks of UPF program used in this study was effective in improving anthropometric indices without producing the deficiency of iron or other susceptible nutrients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.290-300
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• 1982

The study deals with the empirical research on the condition of nutrient intake of low income class which be represented by urban slum and rural area, with the analysis of the factors which might influence on the prevalent condition of nutrient- intake. The method of the research was based on the spot-survey with questionaires. The result is that the levels of nutrient-intake are below the standard requirement level of nutrients in both of urban slum and rural area. The level of nutrient intake in urban slum lies in approximately 50% of the standard requirement level and 80% of the standard requirement level in rural area. The extent of malnutrition was explained in terms of the amount of calorie, protein, calcium and iron. More than half of the population in the community are below the standard requirement level of the nutrient- intake. The problem of malnutrition was serious in urban slum than in rural areas, which made a good contrast with the result of Peru study. Deficiency in calcium was most serious. The factor analysis of the prevalent condition of malnutrition in low class suggests that 1) The function of local market in supplying food is not so effective in the sense that the quality of the foods purchased id the local market is poor. 2) Low level of knowledge, the consequent ignorance and the indifference to the nutrition and the low income led to malnutrition. The level of income and the education were significantly correlated to the nutrient-intake.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.230-235
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• 2011

Insomnia has become a major public health issue in recent times. Although quality of sleep is affected by environmental, psychophysiological, and pharmacological factors, diet and nutrient intake also contribute to sleep problems. This study investigated the association between nutrient intake and co-morbid symptoms associated with sleep status among selected adults. Subjects in this study included 87 men and women aged 21-45 years. Presence of insomnia was assessed using the Insomnia Screening Questionnaire, and dietary intake was measured over three consecutive days by dietary survey. Descriptive analysis, ANOVA, and Chi-Square tests were performed to compute and interpret the data. Approximately 60% of the participants were insomniacs. People with insomnia consumed significantly lesser quantities of nutrients as compared to normal sleepers. Differences in intakes of energy, carbohydrates, folic acid, and $B_{12}$ were highly significant (P < 0.002). Further, intakes of protein, fat, and thiamine were significantly different (P < 0.021) between insomniacs and normal sleepers. The nutrient intake pattern of the insomniacs with co-morbid symptoms was quite different from that of the normal sleepers. Based on these results, it is probable that there is an association between nutrition deficiency, co-morbid symptoms, and sleep status. More studies are required to confirm these results.