• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.389-393
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• 2003

Present study investigate the effect of enzyme supplementation, methods (applied to rumen or enzyme treated diet) compared with no enzyme diet, on rumen fermentation and apparent nutrient digestibility in a $3{\times}3$ Latin square design with three rumen cannulated Korean Native goats. In situ rumen degradation kinetics was studied in three rumen cannulated Holstein steers. Three diets were, no enzyme, 1% enzyme in rumen and 1% enzyme in diet. The enzyme was sprayed onto forage, and the forage: concentrate ratio was 30:70. Degradation kinetics was studied with three enzyme levels (0, 1 and 2%, w/w) and four pre-treatment times (0, 1, 12 and 24 h). Results suggested that enzyme application method did not affect rumen fermentation, ruminal enzyme activity and total tract apparent digestibility. Nutrient degradation rate and effective degradability of DM, NDF and ADF increased with increasing enzyme level and pre-treatment times. Degradation of nutrients was affected by enzymes levels or pre-treatment times. Therefore, it is probable that the improved degradation may be due to the supplemented exogenous hydrolytic enzymes under a certain condition.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.263-268
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• 1996

This study was conducted for the assessment of the effects of acid rain and soil fertilizers on photosynthetic rate, was content, and contact angle on 5-year seedlings of Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) leaves. The seedlings were exposed to pH 3.0 (simulated acid rain), pH 6.5 (groung water) and rain (pH around 4.6). The seedlings were also treated with $Ca(OH)_2, Mg(OH)_2, and Ca(OH)_2 + Mg(OH)_2 + C.F.(compound fertilizer)$. Photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, was content, contact angle value, and mineral nutrient content of the leaves were measured and the results were as follows: 1. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance of the leaves increased with the increase of pH. Photosynthetic rate and stomatal conductance increased with application of soil fertilizer in the pH 3.0 treatment, but showed no changes in the rain and the pH 6.5. 2. Contact angle value and was content of the leaves did not change with the pH treatment, but increased with the fertilizer treatments. 3. Mineral nutrient contents of the leaves were lowest in the rain treatment and highest in the pH 6.5 treatment. The increase of mineral nutrient contents was observed with the soil fertilizer treatments.

• 생물환경조절학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.174-181
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• 2005

Experiments were carried out to develop an optimal nutrient solution for the single-stemmed rose (Rosa hybrida L.) 'Red velvet' in a closed aeroponic system. Plants were grown in 1/3, 1/2, 1, or 3/2 strength of the nutrient solution of National Horticultural Research Station in Japan (NHRS). Significantly less changes of pH and EC ($dS{\cdot}m^{-1}$) in the drainage were observed in 1/2 strength treatment as compared to other treatments. The $NO_3-N$, K, Ca, and Mg concentrations in the drainage solution of 1/2 strength treatment were maintained at optimal levels. These results indicated that the rose uptakes of both nutrients and water was more stable than those in other concentration. The concentration of macronutrients in nutrient solution were adjusted based on the ratio of nutrient:water (n/w) taken up by plants grown in the 1/2 strength solution. The composition of the new solution (classified the University of Seoul (UOS) solution) was as follow; $NO_3-N$ 8.8, $NH_4-N$ 0.67, P 2.0, K 4.8, Ca 4.0, Mg 2.0 $me{\cdot}L^{-1}$. To further evaluate new solution on crop growth, the rose 'Red Velvet' was grown again in l/2, 1, and 2 strength UOS solution to compare with 1.0 strength PBG (proefstion voor bloemisterij en glasgroenpe) solution. Overall the plant growth, including the stem length and number of five-leaflet leaves was higher in 1.0 strength of UOS solution than other treatments. Results presented in this study indicate that the nutrients in the UOS solution are well balanced for the single-stemmed rose in the closed aeroponic system.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.198-206
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• 2016

Background: Electrical conductivity (EC) and pH are important features of nutrient solution, affecting both growth and quality of crops by altering nutrient uptake. Methods and Results: The pH values of nutrient solutions were controlled at 5.0, 5.5, 6.0, 6.5 and EC values were controlled at 0.68, 0.84, 1.23, 1.41 dS/m. Gingesng root weights were higher during the initial growth period when the plants were treated with low pH and low EC nutrient solutions. However, the higher pH and EC levels, the greater the increase in the rate of root weight between the initial and middle growth periods. The highest ginsenoside amount changed during growth period. The total ginsenoside amount was highest in the root, and the lowest in leaves at 45 and 90 days after treatment, respectively, with solution at a pH of 6.0. After 135 days of treatment, the highest total ginsenoside amount was detected in root treated with soluton with EC values of 1.23 dS/m. Conclusions: For the cultivation of ginseng using a nutriculture system, the pH and EC values of nutrient solutions should to be controlled based on the stage of growth and targeted plant organ (root or leaves).

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권4호
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• pp.967-976
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• 2023

Biochar is emerging as a promising substance for achieving carbon neutrality and climate change mitigation. It can absorb several nutrients via ion bonding on its surface functional groups, resulting in slow dissociation of the bonds. Biochar, like organic fertilizers, contributes to sustainable nutrient management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nutrient-coated biochar amendments on leafy vegetables production and soil fertility. The nutrient-coated biochar was produced by soaking rice husk biochar in a nutrient solution containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus, and potassium for 24 hours. Nutrient-coated biochar and organic fertilizers were applied to soil at a rate of 120 kg·N·ha^-1. The growth components of the leafy vegetables showed that nutrient-coated biochar led to the highest fresh weight (FW) of both lettuce and kale (i.e., 146.67 and 93.54 g·plant^-1 FW, respectively). As a result, nutrient-coated biochar amendments led to superior yield compared to the control treatment and organic fertilization. The elemental composition of leafy vegetables revealed that soil amended with nutrient-coated biochar resulted in higher nutrient contents, which was attributed to the high nutrient contents supplied by the rice husk biochar. Soil amendment with nutrient-coated biochar positively enhanced the soil fertility compared to amendment with organic fertilizer. Therefore, nutrient-coated biochar is a promising substance for enhancing agronomic performance of leafy vegetables and improving soil fertility.

• 원예과학기술지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.456-464
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• 2017

담액 수경재배에서 재배후반기 양액농도가 상추의 생장과 저장성에 미치는 영향을 구명하고자 4가지 양액농도(1/2S, 1S, 2S와 4S)를 '적치마'와 '청치마' 식물체에 처리한 후 생장과 수확후 특성을 조사하였다. 국화과 전용배양액($N-P-K-Ca-Mg=14.2-3.5-9-4-2me{\cdot}L^{-1}$)의 1배액으로 조성하여 3주간 재배한 후 2주간 양액 농도를 조절하여 재배한 결과 두 품종 모두 생체중 등의 생육량이 1배액이 좋았으며, 2배액과 1/2배액은 1배액보다 다소 떨어졌으며, 4배액에서는 생장 특성이 저하되는 것으로 나타났다. 색소 및 무기이온 함량에서는 4배액으로 처리한 상추가 높았다. 수확후 특성에서는 품종별로 2배액으로 처리한 상추가 저장기간 중 생체중 감소 및 SPAD 변화의 폭이 적었고, 외관과 같은 선도유지에 효과적인 것으로 나타났으며, 대체로 1배액, 1/2배액, 4배액 순으로 나타났다. 상추 수경재배 후기에 양액 농도교환에 따른 생육과 수확후 특성을 보면 재배 중에 최적의 생육량을 보인 양액 조성이 수확후 저장 및 품질유지 효과와 일관성을 보이지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 따라서 변화하는 농업 여건에 맞추어 수경재배에서 생산성 향상뿐만 아니라 향후에는 수확후 특성을 고려한 양액 조성과 재배 방법에 대한 개선이 필요한 것으로 보인다.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제90권1호
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• pp.74-82
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• 2001

Al과 Mn을 여러가지 농도로 조정한 배양액을 채운 포트에 소나무(Pinus densiflora) 2년생 묘목을 이식하여 수경재배법에 의해 90일간 온실내에서 육성한 후 소나무 묘목의 생장, 영양상태 및 가스교환속도에 미치는 Al과 Mn의 영향을 조사하였다. 배양액의 Al농도는 4수준(0, 10, 30, 60ppm)으로 처리하였으며, 이들 각각의 Al처리에 Mn농도를 3수준(0, 30, 60ppm)으로 처리하여 총 12처리구의 2요인배치법(two-factor design)의 실험을 실시하였다. Al과 Mn은 소나무 묘목의 건물생장에 상호작용효과(interaction effects)를 나타내지 않았으나, 소나무 묘목의 건물생장에 대한 Al과 Mn의 각각의 단독영향(main effects)은 유의적인 차이가 나타났다. 소나무 묘목의 건물생장은 Al은 10ppm이상, Mn은 60ppm의 농도에서 생장저하를 초래하였으며, 이는 소나무 묘목의 건물생장에 대한 Al의 독성이 Mn에 비해 클 수 있음을 시사한다. 뿌리의 암호흡속도는 Al의 경우 60ppm에서, Mn의 경우는 30ppm이상의 농도에서 저하하였다. 또한, 크로로필함량에 있어서는 Al의 영향은 인정되지 않았으나, 60ppm의 Mn처리구에서 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. 배양액의 Al과 Mn농도가 증가함에 따라서 소나무 묘목의 상대생장율(RGR) 및 순동화율(NAR)이 저하하였으며, 이는 광합성 효율의 감소가 원인으로 생각된다. 비록 본 연구결과는 수경재배법에 의하여 얻어진 결과이지만, 장래 우리나라에서 실제로 발생할 수 있는 산성강하물에 의한 수목피해 예측 및 산성화된 토양의 임지에서도 이와 유사와 현상이 발생될 수 있음을 시사하고 있다.

• 한국습지학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2013

소규모 농촌 지역 하수도 보급률은 도시지역의 약 40% 이하 수준이다. 농촌지역의 낮은 하수도 보급률은 상수원의 수질악화의 원인으로 보고되고 있다. 안동댐과 임하댐 상류에 위치하고 있는 봉화군에 신설된 마을하수도 11개소의 운전 결과를 분석하였다. 운전결과를 바탕으로 봉화군 마을하수도 특성과 도입된 처리 공법에 관한 분석을 실시하였다. 봉화군 유입 하수는 도시지역에 비해 고농도의 유기물과 영양염류를 함유하고 있다. 마을하수도에 도입된 처리 공법은 전체적으로 안정적인 처리 효율을 보였다. 하지만 영양염류의 경우 처리 효율의 변화가 크게 나타났다. 이는 마을하수도 운전 시영양염류 처리에 있어 운전 조건 관리에 관심을 기울여야 한다는 것을 의미한다.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.596-604
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• 2022

Objective: To investigate the effects of enzyme-bacteria co-fermented feed on broilers, the basal diet (BF) was pretreated by microbial enzyme co-fermentation, and then different proportions of BF were replaced to study its effects on growth performance, nutrient metabolism and cecal microflora of broilers. Methods: Four hundred and eighty 1-day-old broilers were randomly divided into 6 groups. The control group was fed with BF, and groups 1 to 4 were treated with dried fermented feed (DFF) instead of 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25% the BF, and group 5 was treated with wet fermented feed (WFF) instead of 10% the BF, named BF, 10% DFF, 15% DFF, 20% DFF, 25% DFF, and 10% WFF, respectively. The trial period was 42 days. Results: The results showed that the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of 10% DFF, 15% DFF, and 10% WFF groups were significantly higher than those of the control group at 22 to 42 days and 1 to 42 days (p<0.05). Except for 10% DFF group, Firmicutes of all treatment were higher than that of control group. The Bacteroides of each treatment group were lower than that of the control group (p>0.05). At the same time, the nutrient apparent metabolic rate and cecal microbial abundance of each treatment group had an increasing trend (p>0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, the feed fermented by enzyme and bacteria had a potential promoting effect on the growth performance and nutrient digestibility of broilers.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제25권A호
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• pp.133-139
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• 2005

In this study, as MBBR(Moving Bed Biofilm Reactor) process using waste tire media is suggested for retrofitting with advanced wastewater treatment and the removal property of organic matter and nutrient and the capacity of media are evaluated through long-term operation with pilot plant following seasons, the application capacity of retrofitting with MBBR process to a existing wastewater treatment is studied. As a result of the long-term operation of the process, it is proved that there is no loss and abrasion of media, and also that it is possible to secure the sufficient attached bio-mass. The values of organic matter and nutrient in effluent are suitable for the strict discharged water quality standards in every season including winter.