• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.63-76
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• 1992

This study was carried out to investigate the level of nutritional knowledge dietary behavior and nutrient intakes of rural housewives and to analyze the relationship among each other. The data for this study collected by the interview with questionnaire in 1990 from the 303 rural housewives of 13 districts and 3 cities in Chunbuk province sampled by random sampling method. Statistics used in analysis were frequency, proportion, X2-test and statistical significance was tested at 0.05 level. The main results of the study were summairzed as follows : 1) Nutritional knowledge score of rural housewives was higher, in young age group than in old group and in high income group than in low income. 2) There were not the significant difference between the dietary behavior of the rural housewives and their nutritional knowledge score. 3) As the nutritional knowledge score of the subjects was higher nutrient intakes level of calcium and iron were higher, however, there were not the significant difference between the nutritional knowledge score and nutrient intakes levels of energy, protein and fat respectively. 4) As the level of meal management were high, only protein intake among various nutrients was increased. There were not the significant difference between the nutrient intakes and their food habits.

• Journal of Integrative Natural Science
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.140-148
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• 2008

This study was conducted to compare of health status, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes according to family types of the elderly in rural areas. Family types were divided into three types-elderly living alone, elderly living with spouse, and elderly living with spouse and children. Subjects were 119 persons aged over 65 years (34 male, 85 females) living in rural areas and period of survey was from 29 January 2007 to 2 February. General environmental factors, health status, dietary behaviors and nutrient intakes were compared according to family types, the elderly living along showed a significantly lower in monthly income(p<0.01), self perceived health status(p<0.001), Instrumental Activity of Daily Living(IADL) score, and General Self Efficacy Scale(GSES) score compared to the elderly living with spouse and those living with spouse and children. However, Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale(CES-D) was higher than those of the elderly living family members (p<0.05). In addition, sum of dietary behavior score was the lowest in the elderly living alone (22.3 in elderly living alone, 24.1 in elderly living with spouse, 23.4 in elderly living with spouse and children, p<0.001) and nutrient intakes of potassium, zinc, vitamin C(p<0.01 respectively), calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin B6 and folic acid(p<0.05 respectively) also reported to be significantly lower in the elderly living alone than in others of two types. From these results, health status, dietary behavior pattern and nutrient intakes of the elderly living alone were found to be inadequate overall, so measures to deal with these health and nutritional status were needed.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.44-56
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• 2012

This study investigated dietary behavior and nutrient intake in children with developmental disorders as compared with non-disabled children and assessed the relationship between dietary behavior and nutrient intake. The survey was conducted on 118 students ($4^{th}$ and $5^{th}$ grade) of four special education schools and 244 students of an elementary school (control group). The survey was carried out using a questionnaire and an interview. Of the disabled children, children with a mental disorder comprised 72.9% and those with emotional disorders including autism comprised 26.3%. The average percentages of height and weight to standards for age were significantly lower in the disabled female children as compared with the non-disabled female children. Scores for table utensil handling skills, eating behavior, and an unbalanced diet were lower in the disabled children compared with those in the non-disabled children. Dietary behavior scores were not significantly different by either gender or age in the disabled children. Mean energy intake was less than the estimated energy requirement in both groups. Nutrients taken at less than the recommended intake level were calcium, iron, vitamin A, and folate in both groups. Food behavior score at mealtime, personal hygiene score at mealtime, and an unbalanced diet score were significantly correlated with iron and vitamin A intake in disabled male children. Personal hygiene score at mealtime was significantly correlated with calcium, iron, and vitamin A intake, and unbalanced diet score was significantly correlated with iron and vitamin A intake in disabled female children. Although the nutritional status of disabled children with developmental disorders was appropriate in general, improvement in their dietary behaviors through education and practice would allow them to eat balanced diets with essential nutrients.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.477-484
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• 2003

This study was conducted to investigate nutrient intakes and obesity-related factors of obese children by interviewing the subjects aged from 11 to 13 in Daegu. The collected data were consisted of items on general characteristics, dietary behavior, nutrition knowledge and daily nutrient intakes of subjects. The subjects were classified into obese and non-obese control groups according to their relative weights. Frequency of skipping breakfast and eating rate of obese group were significantly higher than those of control group. There was no significant difference between obese and control group in the nutrition knowledge score. Except vitamins $B_1$, $B_2$ and iron, the average daily intakes of other nutrients in obese were greater than control group. The most contributing factor to BMI turned out to be cholesterol intake. After the nutrition education targeting obese children, their nutrition knowledge scores improved, but the dietary behavior score was not significantly changed. Therefore, childhood obesity may be prevented by continuous education programs including the behavior modification of obese children. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(4) : 477-484, 2003)

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-76
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• 2006

This is an analysis of the dietary behavior, nutrient intake status and INQ(Index of nutritional quality) of 129 college women according to their residences in the Daegu area. The average height and weight were 160.0 cm and 54.5 kg respectively. Diet intake data were obtained by using the 24-hour recall method to evaluate the usual diet of the subjects. The energy intake of the group, living alone was higher than that of living a roommate and living at home. Ca, Fe, Zn and folate intakes were low in all the groups. The composition rate of carbohydrate, protein and fat for energy intake was 58.9 : 15.5 : 25.6 in living alone, 59.9 : 15.1 : 25.0 in living with a roommate and 61.2 : 15.5 : 23.3 in living at home, compared with the preferred of 65 : 15 : 20. The group living alone showed significantly better mean adequacy ratio(MAR, 0.7) than the other groups (p<0.05). The group living with a roommate showed significantly better INQ in vitamin $B_6$ (p<0.01) and Fe (p<0.05) than the other groups did In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in college women in Daegu is considerably lower than the RDA values. Furthermore the group living alone showed better dietary behavior and nutrient intake status than the other groups. A nutrition education program for college women is necessary.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.90-101
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• 2002

This study was undertaken to investigate the nutrient intake, dietary behavior, perception of body image and iron deficiency of high school adolescent girls. The subjects were 463 high school girls in Inchon. This cross-sectional survey was conducted by questionnaires and data were analysed by SAS program. Nutrient intakes collected from 3 day-retails were analyzed by the Computer Aided Nutritional Analysis Program. The following anthropometric measurements were made on all participants height, weight, body fat (%), skinfold thirkness, subscapular skinfold thickness, mid-upper arm circumference and waist-hip circumference. Blood samples were obtained and analyzed for iron nutritional status. The mean obesity index of rural students were highest among students. However, over 18% of the urban and rural students belonged to the low-weight group. Proportions of skipping meals were most high in urban vocational students and the main reason was lack of time for meal. Most nutrient intakes of the students were below the RDA, in particular calcium, iron, vitamin A and vitamin B$_2$. Most of the students were concerned with body image and weight control. Also they were not satisfied with their body image. The mean fell hemoglobin and transferrin saturation of rural students were lowest among students. The total binding capacity of urban vocational student\ulcorner were Invest among students. Prevalence of iron deficiency was most high in urban general students when judged by Hb, MCV and serum ferritin. In conclusion, this study indicates that nutrient intake in the female high school students was considerably lower than RDA. They should also be notified that severe weight control is very harmful for health. And they had lower self -satisfaction for their body image and undesirable flood habits. Therefore, prefer nutrition education is required to maintain desirable flood habits and improve their iron status in female high school students.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.35-44
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• 2012

This study was conducted to assess improvements in nutritional status following the application of nutrition education to elderly patients in a long-term care hospital. The study was carried out from January to May 2009, during which a preliminary survey, a pretest, the application of nutrition education, and a post-test were applied in stages. The number of subjects at pretest was 81, and the number of participants included in the final analysis was 61 (18 men, 43 women), all of whom participated in both the nutrition education program and the post-test. The survey consisted of general demographic items, health behaviors, dietary behaviors, the Nutrition Screening Initiative checklist, and nutrient intake assessment (24 hour recall method). The nutrition education program lasted for four weeks. It included a basic education program, provided once a week, and mini-education program, which was offered daily during lunch times. The survey was conducted before and after the education program using the same assessment method, although some items were included only at pretest. When analyzing the changes in elderly patients after the nutritional education program, we found that, among subjective dietary behaviors, self-rated perceptions of health (P<0.001) and of depression (P<0.001) improved significantly and that dietary behavior scores also improved significantly (P<0.001), while nutritional risk levels decreased. In terms of nutrient intake, subjects' intake of energy, protein, fat, carbohydrate, calcium, phosphorus, iron, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, and vitamin C all increased significantly (P<0.001). These results indicated that nutritional education is effective in improving the nutritional status of elderly patients. We hope that the results of this study can be used as preliminary data for establishing guidelines for nutrition management tailored to elderly patients in long-term care hospitals.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.846-855
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• 2009

This study was performed to assess gender differences in rates of obesity, dietary behaviors, and nutrient intakes among college students living in Gwangju. Anthropometric measurements showed that the body mass indexes (BMIs) of the males and females were $22.1{\pm}2.6$ and $20.1{\pm}2.4$ respectively. All obesity indices including BMI, relative body weight (RBW), % body fat by bioelectrical impedence analysis (BIA), and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were significantly higher in the males than in the females. Abdominal fat was also found to be higher in the males whereas underweight was prominent in the female students. The dietary behaviors of the males as determined by dietary scores, were poorer than those of the females. Twenty-four hour dietary recalls revealed that most nutrient intakes were adequate, exceptions of vitamin C, Ca, and folate intakes in both sexes and Fe intake in the female students. Ca and folate intakes were below 75% of the KDRI for both genders. In addition, Unbalanced energy ratios of carbohydrate, protein, and fat were noted in both genders. Effective nutrition education programs targeting college students should be developed and implemented to increase Ca and folate consumption. It is suggested that gender-based nutrition education approaches be created due to poor dietary behavior in males and inadequate nutrient intakes in female college students.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.294-304
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between dietary behavior and the nutrient intake status in the youth of rural areas, based on their personal characters such as their sex, age, family type, number of family members, mother's age, occupation, and school career. This study was made by use of a self-administrated questionnaire with a 24-hour recall for 5days as an instrument with 439 randomly selected students. Statistical methods applied to analyze the data were frequency, percent, Willcoxon Rank-sum test, Kruskal-wallis test, x2-test by contingence table, and Spearman's correlation coefficient in non parametric statistical cases. Some of the interesting results are as follows : 1) The correlation between sex and breakfast is highly significant. That is, over 80% of male students had breakfast every day, whereas only about 60% of female students had breakfast every day. Bad table manners and some other problems are insignificant with respect to the personal characters in the relations between the personal characters and eating behaviors. However, the regularity of every meal, the frequency of having meals with other family members, and the frequency of meals eaten out and snacks show significant differences. 2) The mother's occupation does not have any influence on the nutrient intake of their students when the relationship between personal characters and nutrient intake was analysed. On the other hand sex, the mother's school career, the numbers of family members, the type of family, and the income of the family showed significant differences nutrient intakes. 3) The regularity and the frequency of having meals, meals eaten out with their family members, and the table manners during meals showed significant differences in the intake of nutrient elements such as calorie, protein, fat, fiber, calcium, iron, phosphorus, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, niacin and vitamin C. However some consideration during meals and problems in eating habit are insignificant with regard to nutrient intake.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.33-45
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• 2001

This study was performed to investigate the degree of different stresses in university students of outer region of Seoul and to search the influence of food habit and nutrient intakes in stress. The data was collected by questionnaire method for self-diagnosed different stresses, dietary habit, and physical status and 24 hours recall for nutrient intakes. The subjects were 282 students attended at the lecture Food and Health. Diet balance was no difference with gender but food intakes were more diverse in female. Nutrient intake of male students was lower in vitamin A and riboflavin, but that of female was low in vitamin A and iron. The university students outer region of Seoul had more stress situation in frustration, deprivation and self-efface than in the stress of the noise and Type-A behavioral stress. Total self-diagnosed dietary habit score was better in the group of no susceptive overload stress than that of the high susceptive group. Same trend of dietary behavior score was in the group of no noise and anxiety-response stress than that in the susceptive groups. The quantity of nutrient intakes was correlated with different kind of stress. Niacin intake was positively related with the stress from life-events, and food induced stress. Thiamin intake was positively related with food induced stress. But the intake of iron, calcium, niacin and riboflavin were negatively related with the stress of noise. Therefore, we could concluded that different kind of stresses were influenced in dietary behavior and vitamin-mineral nutrient intakes. More research would be needed at the aspects of health promotion in the stressful situation of modern society.