• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제47권1호
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• pp.57-72
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• 2005

The present study was undertaken to investigate the effects of nutrient density diets and sex on carcass and pork quality characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 96 pigs(58.04 $\pm$ 6.85 kg) were divided into 2 groups(gilts and barrows), each sex group was assigned to 3 nutrient density(high : 18.5%, middle : 16.0% and low: 14.0% CP, respectively) and raised up to 1l0kg live weight. Each treatment had four replicates with three or five pigs per replicate. The treatments comprised the feeding regimes of 1) the low density diet for 60 days, 2) the middle nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a low nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days and 3) the high nutrient density diet for the 30 days followed by a middle nutrient density diet for the remaining 30 days. Pigs were conventionally slaughtered, and then chilled overnight. Carcass characteristics and grades were determined on those carcasses, and pork loin muscle was removed from each left side at 5th to 13th rib for quality evaluation were evaluated. There were no differences in the carcass weight between sex and nutrient density. Dressing percent of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P< 0.05). Barrows showed a thicker back fat thickness than gilts. There were no difference in intramuscular fat, subcutaneous fat and springiness between sex and nutrient density. Intermuscular fat of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). In the meat quality characteristics, there were no difference in general composition, meat and fat color between sex and nutrient density. pH of L-L(gilts) treatment was significantly higher than that of other treatments(P < 0.05). Cooking loss and shear force value of H-M(barrows) treatment were significantly higher than those of other treatments(P< 0.05). Purge loss of barrows groups was significantly higher than the gilts groups(P < 0.05). Myoglobin content of H-M treatment was significantly lower than L-L and M-L treatments(P< 0.05). Texture of H-M treatment was higher than L-L and M-L treatments. The content of myristic, palmitic, palmitoleic and oleic acid were significantly higher in the barrows groups(P< 0.05). However, stearic, linoleic and arachidonic acid were significantly higher in the gilts(P < 0.05). Amino acid content of L-L treatment was significantly higher than M-L and H-M treatments(P < 0.05). In conclusion, carcass and pork quality characteristics were affected by sex and nutrient density.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2008

Biological nutrient removal (BNR) sludge was added to a sequencing batch reactor (SBR) in the addition ratios of 0%, 20%, 40%, 50% while observing the variation of nutrient removal characteristics and microorganism groups. When the BNR sludge was added in a ratio over 40%, the characteristics of EBPR (enhanced biological phosphorus removal) was shown at the 27 days. However, a distinct BNR was not shown when the addition ratio of BNR sludge was lower than 40%. The organic removal efficiency were shown as 90% in all SBRs irrespective of the addition ratio of BNR sludge. At the 27 days, the phosphorus removal efficiencies were shown as 40%, 55%, 77% and 69%, respectively, according to the addition ratio of BNR sludge. Overall, efficient nitrification and phosphorus removal was shown when the added BNR sludge ratio was over 40%.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.287-297
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• 1990

The status of the nutrient supplement usage of the adults in Seoul was investigated. One thousand two hundred adults from various age groups were chosen as the subject of this study. Data of this study were obtained by means of self administered questionnaire for demog-raphic characteristics(sex,age,edcation,income,occupation) and behavioral characteristics (reason for using nutrient supplement or not using,exercise,drinking & smoking). The overall response rate was 85%(n=1031). As a result, a substantial percentage(40%) of the subjects were used some kinds of nutrient supplement. The higher the age, educational level, and family income were, the higher the percentage of nutrient supplement usage was. But there was not the significant difference between sexes(38% in men vs 34% in women). And supple-ment usage was higher in the thin and obese groups than the average weight groups. Majority of subjects indicated that the information source of supplement was "Family/Friends" or "Phy-sician/Pharmacist". KEY WORDS: supplement usage vitamin/mineral supplement health food.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.97-100
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• 1992

Locally available milk mix, coconut meal, cassava root meal, cassava leaf meal, maize, meat meal, fish meal, rice bran, rice polishings, wallow, molasses and coral sand in Fiji were analysed for proximate components, gross energy and mineral contents. The results obtained indicated typical and variable amounts of nutrients in these materials. On the basis of their nutrient contents, the potential usefulness and weaknesses of the various feed materials are discussed with specific reference to the formulations of diets for livestock and poultry in Fiji based on these locally available feed materials.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2024

Biological nutrient removal is gaining increasing attention in wastewater treatment plants; however, it is adversely affected by low temperatures. This study examined temperature effects on nutrient removal and morphological stability of the granular and denitrifying phosphorus accumulating organisms (PAO and DPAO, respectively) using sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) at 5, 10, and 20 ℃. Lab-scale SBRs were continuously operated using anaerobic-anoxic and anaerobic-oxic cycles to develop the PAO and DPAO granules for 230 d. Sludge granulation in the two SBRs was observed after approximately 200 d. The average removal efficiency of soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and PO₄^3--P remained >90% throughout, even when the temperature dropped to 5 ℃. The average removal efficiency of NO₃^--N remained >80% consistently in DPAO SBR. However, nitrification drastically decreased at 10 ℃. Hence, the removal efficiency of NH₄⁺-N was decreased from 99.1% to 54.5% in PAO SBR. Owing to the increased oxygen penetration depth at low temperatures, the influence on nitrification rates was limited. The granule in DPAO and PAO SBR was observed to be unstable and disintegrated at 10 ℃. In conclusion, morphological characteristics showed that changed conversion rates at low temperatures in aerobic granular sludge altered both nutrient removal efficiencies and granule formation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.691-704
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to analyze the relations among the three factors: 1) characteristics of family, 2) nutrient intake status and 3) academic achievements. The subjects in this study were 7,698 boys and girls attending primary, middle and high schools in South Korea. The questionnaire was made and distributed to the student to answer the questions about family background and food intake status. Food intake frequency method was used to examine nutrient intake status. Academic achievement results of last semester were taken from students school records. Followings are the results of the study:1. Most of the mean nutrient intakes were above the Korean recommended dietary allowances. However, calcium, iron, and vitamin A intakes were below the Korean recommended dietary allowances. Therefore, it is recommended to increase the intake of these nutrients in these students to meet the RDA.2. Total amounts of food intake were decreasing in higher grades and food intake of boys was higher than that of girls. 3. Educational period of parents and economic status of family had grades influences on student's academic achievement and nutritional status. The students with parents of higher education and higher economic status had better academic achievement and balanced nutritional status. 4. When students were divided into three groups with respect to the percentage of recommended nutrient intake, the group with nutrient intake of 75-125% of RDA achieved better academic achievement than other groups. In conclusion, educational length and economic status of parents and optimal intake of nutrients (75-125% of RDA)by students significantly affected academic achievements of the students.

• Journal of the korean society of oceanography
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.68-79
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• 2003

Although seagrasses are relatively abundant, few studies have been conducted on seagrass physiology and ecology in Korea. Zostera marina is the most abundant seagrass species, widely distributed throughout all coastal areas of the Korean peninsula. To examine seasonal dynamics and spatial variations of eelgrass, Zostera marina distributed on the coast of Korea, morphological characteristics, biomass, tissue nutrient constituents, leaf productivity and environmental factors were monitored monthly from the eelgrass beds in Kabae Bay and Kosung Bay on the south coast of the Korean peninsula from June 2001 to June 2002. Eelgrass density, biomass, morphological characteristics, leaf productivities, and tissue nutrient constituents exhibited clear seasonal variations, and these seasonal trends reflected seasonal changes in water temperature. Eelgrass shoot density and biomass at Kabae Bay site showed more obvious seasonal trends than Kosung Bay. No strong seasonality in Kosung Bay site appeared to be caused by high water temperature ($>30{\circ}C$) during summer months at this site. Despite differences in nutrient availabilities between two study sites, eelgrass biomass and leaf productivities were not significantly different between study sites, and this lack of spatial variations implies that the ambient nutrient availabilities at the present study sites are in excess of seagrass nutrient demand. Eelgrass tissue N content and sediment pore water DIN concentrations exhibited reverse relationship at the present study. This reverse relationship suggests in situ nutrient concentrations are not good indicator of nutrient availabilities, and regeneration and turnover rates of sediment nutrients are also important factors to determine nutrient availabilities at the site.

• BMB Reports
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• 제56권2호
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• pp.84-89
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• 2023

The implications of nutrient starvation due to aging on the degeneration of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is yet to be fully explored. We examined the involvement of AMPK activation in mitochondrial homeostasis and its relationship with the maintenance of a healthy mitochondrial population and epithelial characteristics of RPE cells under nutrient starvation. Nutrient starvation induced mitochondrial senescence, which led to the accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in RPE cells. As nutrient starvation persisted, RPE cells underwent pathological epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) via the upregulation of TWIST1, a transcription regulator which is activated by ROS-induced NF-κB signaling. Enhanced activation of AMPK with metformin decelerated mitochondrial senescence and EMT progression through mitochondrial biogenesis, primed by activation of PGC1-α. Thus, by facilitating mitochondrial biogenesis, AMPK protects RPE cells from the loss of epithelial integrity due to the accumulation of ROS in senescent mitochondria under nutrient starvation.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.49-58
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• 2006

본 연구는 비육돈 사료내 갯벌 미생물 유래 단백질 분해 효소제를 첨가하였을 때 성장률, 아미노산 소화율, 혈액성상, 육질 특성 및 분내 휘발성 지방산과 NH3-N 함량을 알아보기 위해 실시하였다. 3원 교잡종(Landrace×Yorkshire×Duroc) 비육돈 80두를 공시하였으며, 시험개시시의 체중은 60.08±2.69kg이었다. 시험설계는 기초사료내 영양소 함량과 효소제의 첨가 유뮤에 따라 high nutrient density diet 처리구, high nutrient density diet에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구(high nutrient density diet+0.1% protease), low nutrient density diet 처리구, low nutrient density diet 처리구에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구(low nutrient density diet+0.1% protease)로 4처리를 하여 처리당 5반복, 반복당 4마리씩 완전임의 배치하였다. 전체 사양시험 기간동안 일당증체량은 고 영양소 사료에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 저 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). DM과 N의 소화율은 고 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구들 및 저 영양소 사료에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 저 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 필수 아미노산 소화율은 저 영양소 사료에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 다른 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 비필수 아미노산 소화율에서는 고 영양소 사료에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 고 영양소 사료와 저 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구들에 비해 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). BUN 함량은 고 영양소 사료에 단백질 분해효소제를 첨가한 처리구가 저 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구와 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 육색에서는 명도를 나타내는 L*값은 저 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구들이 고 영양소 사료를 급여한 처리구들과 비교하여 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 결론적으로 비육돈 사료내 갯벌 미생물 유래 단백질 분해 효소제의 첨가는 성장률을 향상시켰고 아미노산 소화율 개선하였으며, BUN 함량과 육색에 영향을 미친 것으로 사료된다.(색인어：성장률, 아미노산 소화율, 혈액성상, 육질 특성, 휘발성 지방산, NH3-N)

• 한국해양학회지:바다
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.1-17
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• 2017

본 연구는 소하천 하구의 영양염 분포를 조절하는 요인에 대해 알아보기 위하여 수행되었다. 남해안 당항포에 위치한 세 하천(닫힌 하구: 고성천, 열린 하구: 구만천, 마암천)에서 2010-12년까지 계절별로 영양염(질산염, 암모늄, 인산염) 농도를 측정하였다. 고성천의 댐은 담수의 희석을 막고 체류시간을 증가시켜 높은 영양염 농도의 원인이 되어 인위적인 요인이 소하천 하구의 영양염 분포에 중요함을 나타내었다. 그 외에 물리, 기후, 생지화학적 요인이 세 하천 영양염 분포에 영향을 주었다. 세 하천 모두에서 질산염은 상류에서 높고 하류로 갈수록 감소하였다. 이것은 상류 집수역에서 공급이 많고, 하류로 갈수록 희석 및 하구 내 생지화학적 과정에 의한 제거가 활발하기 때문으로 여겨진다. 특히 탈질소화 등 대표적인 생지화학적 질소영양염 제거과정은 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 감소하는 경향이 뚜렷하였다. 그러나 암모늄과 인산염은 하천에서 유입되는 농도가 높은 경우에만 상류에서 하류로 갈수록 농도가 낮아지는 경향이 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 영양염 농도의 계절 분포는 여름철에 낮고, 겨울철에 높은 경향을 보였다. 여름철 유량으로 인해 체류시간이 감소하였고, 희석 증가로 하천 내 영양염 농도를 감소시켰으며, 높은 수온으로 인한 생물 생산에 의한 영양염 제거 역시 낮은 영양염 농도에 영향을 주었다. 소하천 하구는 높은 질소제거율(-k) 을 가지는 등 대형하구와는 구별되는 영양염 거동을 보이며 향후 소하천 하구 관리를 위해서는 이러한 특성을 파악하는 것이 필수적이다.