• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 1999

This study attempts to identify the self-image of eyeglass wearers with Q-methodology. Preliminary Q-statements were collected through personal and telephone interviews and based in consultation with reference books, eyeglass wearers, an optician and an oculist. Finally, 34 Q-samples were seleted. The results were analyzed by a Q-factor with a PC QUANL Program. The self-image of eyeglass wearers were found to revolve around three types: Type 1. They feel that eyeglasses have a negative influence on image and that they uncomfortable. In addition, other people have a negative bias toward people who wear eyeglasses. As a result of these negative prejudices and inconveniences, there is a tendency to wear contact lens or have laser operations. Type 2. They feel less uncomfortable comparatively, when explained that glasses can help improve their image. When explained as a fashion accessory, negative prejudices almost disappeared. Type 3. They show a positive reaction when explained that spectacles are also used for sight protection. Howerer, they are sensitive to changes in their complexion as a result of eyeglass wear and place much importance in the design of glass frames. The significance of this study is to suggest basic data for a mediation device that improve the image of eyeglass wearers discovery and analysis of these three types.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.385-391
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• 2019

Background: Preoperative autologous blood donation (PABD) is a conservation strategy for reducing allogenic blood transfusion (ABT) during minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS). We aimed to evaluate the effects of PABD on the frequency of ABT and clinical outcomes in patients undergoing MICS. Methods: We enrolled 113 patients (47.8±13.1 years, 50 men) undergoing MICS without preoperative anemia (hemoglobin >11 g/dL) between 2014 and 2017. Of these patients, 69 (the PABD group) donated autologous blood preoperatively and were compared to the non-PABD group (n=44). We analyzed the frequency of perioperative ABT and clinical outcomes. Results: Baseline characteristics did not significantly differ between groups, although preoperative hemoglobin levels were lower in the PABD group. All operations were performed using a minimally invasive approach. Patients' surgical profiles were similar. There were no cases of mortality or significant differences in early postoperative outcomes. During the early postoperative period, hemoglobin levels were higher in the PABD group. No significant difference was found in the frequency of ABT. Conclusion: Although the PABD group had higher postoperative hemoglobin levels, there was no clear clinical benefit in the early postoperative period, despite a great deal of effort and additional cost. Additional PABD in the setting of strict policies for blood conservation was ineffective in reducing ABT for young and relatively healthy patients who underwent MICS.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.298-305
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• 2010

Purpose: The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors for postoperative surgical site infections (SSIs) after craniotomy. Methods: This study was a retrospective case-control study of 103 patients who had craniotomies between March 2007 and December 2008. A retrospective review of prospectively collected databases of consecutive patients who underwent craniotomy was done. SSIs were defined by using the Centers for Disease Control criteria. Twenty-six cases (infection) and 77 controls (no infection) were matched for age, gender and time of surgery. Descriptive analysis, t-test, $\chi^2$-test and logistic regression analyses were used for data analysis. Results: The statistical difference between cases and controls was significant for hospital length of stay (>14 days), intensive care unit stay more than 15 days, Glasgrow Coma Scale (GCS) score (${\leq}7$ days), extra-ventricular drainage and coexistent infection. Risk factors were identified by logistic regression and included hospital length of stay of more than 14 days (odds ratio [OR]=23.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]=2.53-216.11) and GCS score (${\leq}7$ scores) (OR=4.71, 95% CI=1.64-13.50). Conclusion: The results of this study show that patients are at high risk for infection when they have a low level of consciousness or their length hospital stay is long term. Nurses have to take an active and continuous approach to infection control to help with patients having these risk factors.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.217-228
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• 1997

According to industralization the percentage of working women with children is on the continuous increase. There has been a growing concern over important health problems of middle-aged women, especially with working women. But we didn't know how to care of themselves yet even if it was importment to fint out that. So this reseach was an attempt to identify the nature of experience of their health management so that it is to be contributed to be knowledge development of women' health management strategy. The phenomenological approach in qualitative studies was used to serve this purpose. Subjects were 10 middle-aged working women having children in well-being state. The result of this study was as follows : 'Diet pattern' was to unbalanced and irregular but they tried to correct balanced and harmony dietary life. 'Exercise' was very simple and irregular. They have closed-minded of kinds of exercise. 'Controlling the environment and their minds' was to obtain emotional stability and be free from stress. They put emphasis on refraining from being overtiring and watching their condition carefully. They always tried to keep the peaceful mind. 'Reducing fatigue' was to be bathing, hot streamed-bath, finger pressure therapy, massage, singing, communication with others and maintenance of personal relationships. 'Identification of self-esteem' was very key point to maintain their health. Working regulary gave them to please and value of the life. 'Work oriented life pattern' was to be harm their health state so that it need to be available clinics to check up their health state after work. The rest of this study showed that it need to be social support for working women to work with comfort. Further study regarding working women engaging in the lower level is nesessary.

• 한국간호교육학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.206-218
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• 1999

Relapse is one of the most serious problem in alcoholism treatment area. But there is no proper post-treatment management program for preventing relapse in Korea. The purposes of this study are the analysis of several alcoholism treatment programs and recommendation about consideration for developing our alcoholism treatment program to prevent relapse in our country. Five different alcoholism treatment programs were collected for this study, two programs were collected by participant observation and three were collected by instruction manuals, references, and briefing materials. The followings are the criteria for this analysis of the five treatment programs. 1. the specific characteristics of the treatment program 2. the criterion of the patients, the duration and period (or the treatment, the special activities, and goals of the treatment. 3. the common characteristics of the five treatments. The common characteristics of those treatment programs are; 1 preparation for post-treatment from the beginning of the treatment (hospitalization) 2. assessment of relapse related factors 3. assessment of the relapse-warning signs 4. development and plan of individualized intervention strategy 5. practice of the plan The common characteristics of those treatment programs are 1. groups are classified the recovery training groups and the self-help groups 2 all kind of treatment programs carried out as groups rather than individuals. 3. usefulness which apply to various settings and various types 4. multidisciplinary and interdisciplinary approach As results, those programs were developed as post-detoxication management program, follow up program, and continued care program and their theoretical framework was from social learning theory. Those programs used the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy for the classes, groups, and social skill training. These finding can be used for developing culturally appropriate alcoholism treatment programs focused on relapse prevention.

• 성인간호학회지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.656-667
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• 2005

Purpose: This study examined the mood state, activities of daily living, and attitude toward aging in the elderly according to the existence of a spouse and investigated the relation between these factors. Method: The subjects consisted of 190 elderly people, who were classified into two groups: those with and without a spouse. The data was collected from March to December 2004 using a structured questionnaire that included general characteristics, mood states, instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), and an attitude toward aging scale. The collected data was analyzed using the program SPSS, including descriptive statistics, $x^2-test$, ANOVA, Scheff's test, and the Pearson correlation coefficient. Result: 1. There were significant differences between the two groups in mood state (t=-3.349, p=.001), anxiety-depression (t=-3.350, p=.001), and anger (t=p=.003) in the mood state subscales, and in attitude toward aging (t=2.514, p=.013). 2. There was a significant positive correlation between vigor and IADL (r=.253, p=.012) in the elderly with a spouse. 3. When there was a spouse, there was a significant difference according to gender (t=2.587, p=.012) in IADL. Without a spouse, there were significant differences in mood states according to education level (F=3.315, p=.023), in anxiety-depression according to the presence of illness (t=2.156, p=.033), in vigor according to age (F=3.439, p=.020) and education level (F=5.285, p=.002), and in IADL according to monthly income (F=3.322, p=.023) and the presence of illness (t=2.172, p=.032). Conclusion: An individualized approach is needed for elderly people that considers living arrangements and the existence of a spouse.

• 여성건강간호학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.137-147
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to examine mothers' acceptance and its influencing factors in daughters' human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination to prevent cervical cancer. Methods: From July 20 to August 31, 2010, 220 mothers of unmarried daughters responded to self-administered questionnaires about their acceptance of HPV vaccination for their daughters and the optimal age for HPV vaccination. Descriptive statistics, univariate logistic and multiple logistic regression were used for data analysis with SPSS/WIN 12.0. Results: Mothers indicating their willingness to pay for their daughters to receive HPV vaccination accounted for 61.8%, and willingness with health insurance coverage, 84.5%. Mean optimal age for HPV vaccination was $19.78{\pm}3.96$) years. With self-payment the factor influencing mothers willingness was necessity of HPV vaccination (OR= 30.45, 95% CI=10.33~89.15). With health insurance coverage, income (OR=3.02, 95% CI: 1.19~7.62), necessity of HPV vaccination (OR=15.05, 95% CI=4.15~54.64), concern about HPV vaccine safety (OR=2.99, 95% CI=1.15~7.76), and experience of Pap test (OR=3.16, 95% CI=1.24~8.05) were factors influencing mothers willingness. Other influencing factors were optimal age for HPV vaccination, knowing about HPV (OR=7.66, 95% CI=2.19~26.82), and age of youngest daughter (OR=3.95, 95% CI=1.34~11.68). Conclusion: Financial support is anticipated for low income families in a primary approach to increase HPV vaccination. And focusing on earlier age and concerns about vaccination are necessary to gain mothers' acceptance.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.307-318
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• 2000

The researcher would like to suggest that the delivery experience varies depending on the personal situation and the childbirth experiences of the mother. The goals of this study are : 1. To find out the subjectivity structure on delivery experience. 2. To describe the differences in delivery experience depending on the delivery methods. 3. To suggest effective nursing intervention for each type. Q-methodology was used for the research design. One of the main reasons to use this Q methodology. Because each individual's delivery experience can be different. The result of this study shows that the subjectivity related to the delivery experience of mother has at least four distinctive types. Type I mothers can be named as "Motherhood Identity Recognition Type". Type I subjects accept delivery experience very positively, show interest in the health of the baby, and identify their motherliness with responsibility. Type II mothers can be named "Leaping to Maturity Type". It can be explained as a state that mothers experience pain, but by understanding and enduring the pain, the pain is changed to maturity. Type III mothers can be named as "Pride Experience Type". Type III feels vaginal delivery as a process to become a real mothers, and have great pride in making this type of significant emotiange delivery. Therefore, they think the labor pain is worth the value and believes that there are other differences between vaginal delivery and cesarean section. Mothers of Type III take the delivery experience to be meaningful. Type IV mothers can be named as "Lack of Motherhood Transition Type". This type does not seem to feel sorry for their babies for going through a cesarean section delivery. The also do not have the satisfaction of delivery and motherliness identity is low. In addition, they especially do not feel affection towards their babies. Also, because they delivered babies in a state of anesthetics, they do not seem to feel much different, but show negative reactions toward themselves.ow negative reactions toward themselves.

• 한국학교보건학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.85-101
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• 2009

Purpose: We interviewed 500 students attending to universities in Gwangju and Jeonnam using a questionnaire. The questionnaire was composed of some questions on general characteristics of the subjects, academic characteristics, health-related behaviors, family function, and drinking problems. Methods: The data collected were analysed with uses of t-test, dispersion analysis, correlations analysis and multi-variate regression analysis. Results: As a result of the simple analysis we found that variables related to drinking problems of college students were religion, family, residence, parents' job, living standard, major, academic year, exercise, parents' drinking, parents' attitude to drinking, drinking quantity, intimacy, conflicts, and upbringing tendency. As a result of the multi-variate regression analysis, we found that the higher intimacy between family members, deterioration in behaviors, family and personal relations, and social functions was statistically significantly low. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that drinking problems of college students had significant relations with intimacy, conflicts and upbringing tendency and suggests that an approach in an aspect of family functions is important to overcome drinking problems of college students.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2018

본 연구는 융복합시대 청소년의 스마트폰 사용과 학교폭력태도, 학교폭력 역할유형 간의 관계를 파악하기 위해 시도되었다. 연구 대상은 G시 소재 2개 중학교 재학생 341명이었다. 청소년들의 스마트폰 사용, 학교폭력 태도, 학교폭력 역할유형 및 일반적 특성을 조사하였다. 자료수집 기간은 2014년 07월 02부터 07월 25일까지였다. 수집된 자료는 t-test, ANOVA, Pearson's correlation coefficients and multiple regression analysis로 분석하였다. 연구결과 스마트폰 사용은 학교폭력 태도(r=.269, p<.000)와 강화자(r=.251, p<.000)와 양의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 이처럼 스마트폰 사용이 학교폭력에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타나 학교폭력 예방을 위한 각역할 유형에 따른 개입과 접근이 필요하다. 본 연구는 규명된 연구결과를 바탕으로 중학생의 스마트폰 사용과 학교폭력, 학교폭력 역할 유형에 대한 정책적 시사점을 대안으로 제시하였다.