• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.80-87
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• 2009

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify the types of widow's bereavement experience and understand the nature of it's bereavement by using Q-methodological approach. Methods: Contents Q sample included 46 statements obtained from literatures and interviews with 5 widows. P sample consisted of 13 widows who bereaved within 2 years. The data were collected from October 2004 to December 2006 and analyzed using Quanal program. Results: Two types of widow's experience were found. Type 1 was characterized by loss suffering, and type 2 was characterized by acceptance and adaptation Conclusion: Widows were found to experience different types of bereavement. Therefore, bereavement care team should assess the types of suffering pain and provide appropriate care to the widows. Also, need to be developed programs to relieve or prevent suffering of bereavement.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.314-320
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• 2013

This study was aimed to investigate the motivators of smoking in 300 subjects using convenient extraction in one hospital. After informed consent, the survey that consisted of general characteristics, health behavior, stage of change, health behavior-related-perceived benefit, health behavior-related-perceived barrier, health behavior-related-family support, oral health behavior, subjective oral health and others was carried out. The smoking rate was higher in case of male (sex), high school graduates (education) and 2~3 million Korean won (KRW) (monthly income). The present smokers responded lower oral health behavior (p<0.001), lower health behavior-related-perceived benefit (p=0.021), higher health behavior- related-perceived barrier (p<0.001) and lower stage of change (p<0.001). The oral health related variables were not influenced by smoking. In logistic regression model, odds ratios in smoking were 0.378 in below average (health behavior-related-perceived barrier), 4.746 in below average (stage of change), 12.743 in male (sex) and 3.271 in 2~3 million KRW (monthly income/standard : over 3 million KRW). It was suggested that oral health related manpower should take account of not only smoking-related oral health but also motivators of smoking as to deliver effective no-smoking program.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.118-129
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• 2019

Firefighters are high-risk group for posttraumatic stress disorder because they are repeatedly exposed to traumatic events. In this study, we examined the effects of a short-term, intensive, Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program on the ruminations and posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms of firefighters. In 2019, we used a survey questionnaire to assess the intrusive ruminations of 80 firefighters at a firefighting headquarters before and after implementing the Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program and personal journals over a period of two nights and three days. The results showed that there was a significant decrease in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, from 32.40 (± 14.67) to 30.31 (± 13.76) among the male subjects, and a significant decrease in posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms, from 32.03 (± 13.31) to 27.33 (± 10.68) and intrusive ruminations, from 5.21 (± 7.32) to 3.41 (± 6.30), among the female subjects. In conclusion, the Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program was effective in reducing the posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms and intrusive ruminations of firefighters. Therefore, the Mind subtraction meditation-based healing program could be proposed as a mental health promotion program for firefighters.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.10 no.7
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• pp.67-74
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• 2020

This study was a correlational study between the violence experience and post-traumatic stress disorder, compassion fatigue, and job satisfaction of emergency room nurses. The researcher conducted this study on 114 randomized emergency room nurses from 9 emergency rooms located in Gyeonggi-do and collected data for approximately 4 weeks from July 1, 2019 to July 31, 2019. The mean values of verbal violence showed 11.50±3.37 points, physical threatening showed 11.57±4.15 points, and physical violence showed 11.07±5.20. In this study, the mean values of post-traumatic stress disorder was 34.59±14.46 points, compassion fatigue was 26.50±7.17, and job satisfaction was 61.19 ± 8.38 points. Multiple linear regression indicated that post-traumatic stress disorder (β=-.21, p=.009) respectively predicted job satisfaction(F=23.11, p<.001) Based on the study results above, it is considered that programs that can systematically manage and prevent post-traumatic stress disorder and compassion fatigue are required to reduce post-traumatic stress disorder, and compassion fatigue from violence experience of emergency room nurses. Moreover, safe work environments should be established to work efficiency.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.259-266
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to investigate the pattern of discomfort, coping style and relief level of female workers. Methods: The subjects were 394 women who worked at three general hospitals located in S city and agreed to the purpose of this study. Data were collected April 20~30, 2010, and one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation were performed using descriptive statistics using SAS 9.2. Results: showed that discomfort during menstruation was significantly different from age, marital status, pregnancy experience, and birth experience. The average degree of discomfort during menstruation was $2.46{\pm}0.68$, which was the average of 5, and the pattern was pain, water accumulation and behavior change. The degree of mitigation according to coping strategies was the most effective at $3.55{\pm}0.58$, and the relationship between coping behavior and discomfort during menstruation was correlated only with avoidant coping. p = .001). Conclusion: In order to mitigate the inconvenience of menstruation, women should seek to cope with their own coping strategies rather than passive coping methods and suggest the development of an educational program that can relieve the discomfort during menstruation.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.41 no.3
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• pp.196-205
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• 2016

Background: The emergency planning zone (EPZ) of the city of Busan is divided into the precautionary actions zone (PAZ) and the urgent protective action planning zone; which have a 5-km radius and a 20-km to 21-km radius from the nuclear power plant site, respectively. In this study, we assumed that a severe accident occurred at Shin-Kori nuclear unit 3 and evaluated the dispersion speed of radiological material at each distance at various wind speeds, and estimated the effective dose equivalent and the evacuation time of PAZ residents with the goal of supporting off-site emergency action planning for the nuclear site. Materials and Methods: The total effective dose equivalent, which shows the effect of released radioactive materials on the residents, was evaluated using the RASCAL 4.2 program. In addition, a survey of 1,036 residents was performed using a standardized questionnaire, and the resident evacuation time according to road and distance was analyzed using the VISSIM 6.0 program. Results and Discussion: According to the results obtained using the VISSIM and RASCAL programs, it would take approximately 80 to 252.2 minutes for permanent residents to move out of the PAZ boundary, 40 to 197.2 minutes for students, 60 to 232.2 minutes for the infirm, such as elderly people and those in a nursing home or hospital, and 30 to 182.2 minutes for those temporarily within the area. Consequently, in the event of any delay in the evacuation, it is estimated that the residents would be exposed to up to $10mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ of radiation at the Exclusion Area Boundaries (EAB) boundary and $4-6mSv{\cdot}h^{-1}$ at the PAZ boundary. Conclusion: It was shown that the evacuation time for the residents is adequate in light of the time lapse from the initial moment of a severe accident to the radiation release. However, in order to minimize the evacuation time, it is necessary to maintain a system of close collaboration to avoid traffic congestion and spontaneous evacuation attempts.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.419-428
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• 2018

Purpose: The study was done to investigate the correlation among health literacy, social support and medication adherence in elderly with chronic diseases. Method: Participants were 100 patients with chronic diseases in two small hospitals in J do H. A structured questionnaires was used to measure the study variables from July 14, 2017 to August 14, 2017. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-test, ANOVA, Spearman correlation coefficient, and Multiple regression by SPSS/WIN 18.0 program. Result: Medication adherence and health literacy were positively correlated(r=.398, p<.001), Medication adherence and social support were positively correlated (r=.453, p<.001) and health literacy and social support were positively correlated(r=.731, p<.001). The factors influencing on medication adherance are Experience of adverse drug effect. The explanation is that medication adherence is total 25.9%(F=3.91, p<.001). Conclusion: Thus this suggests that in order to enhance medication adherence of the elderly with chronic diseases, educational programs are needed for offering customized medical information considering unique characteristics of the area and objects.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.159-164
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• 2015

Objectives : The current study investigated the risk of smartphone addiction among children and adolescents with or without attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), risk of depression, anxiety, and self-esteem using the Smartphone Addiction Scale Proneness, Kovac's Children's Depression Inventory, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, commonly used in clinical medicine. Methods : Ninety five students with ADHD who visited psychiatry outpatient clinics completed the questionnaire. At the same time, 592 middle and high school students living in a similar area regardless of ADHD diagnosis, completed the questionnaire as control subjects. Results : Overall, 40.0% of 95 ADHD and 12.8% of 592 control subjects were classified as the smartphone addiction proneness group, 26.3% of the ADHD subjects and 8.3% of the control group were classified as the depression group, and 32.6% of the ADHD subjects and 16.2% of the control group were classified as the anxiety group. Significant differences were observed between the two groups. Conclusion : The results of this study suggest that ADHD subjects are more prone to smartphone addiction, becoming depressed or anxious than those in the control group. From this study, we could suggest that students with ADHD are more easily affected by smartphone addiction than normal control subjects. In addition, we might understand how some psychiatric problems like depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem are related to ADHD and smartphone addiction.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.83-89
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• 2017

This study aims to investigate the impact of a mobile-based human coaching healthcare service provided for diabetic patients by nurses on their self-management ability. This study collected data from 311 persons who were diagnosed with diabetes from all over the country, and the collected data were analyzed through SPSS Win 23. The results of the study are summarized as follows: First, it was found that the utilization of a glucose meter by the provision of the mobile-based human coaching healthcare service was men group, and there was a statistically significant difference (${\chi}^2=6.059$, p= .048*). Second, there was a positive correlation in the utilization between the glucose meter and an activity tracker band by the provision of the mobile-based human coaching healthcare service, which was statistically significant (r=.660, p< .001). Third, as a result of checking the changes of the utilization of the glucose meter by the provision of the mobile-based human coaching healthcare service, it was maintained between 79% and 41% from Week 1 through 49. In conclusion, this study partially confirmed that the mobile-based human coaching health service was easily accessible and cost-effective in enhancing the participants'self-healthcare ability.

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.81-106
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• 1992

The purpose of this study was to find out the causal relationship between perceptual level of stress and health state according to Korean constitutions and to analyze that effect on the Korean constitution's health state. Subjects of this study were 87 out patient department of constitution at Kyung-Hee Oriental Medicine Hospital. Data were collected by using interview with Questionaire during 6 months from Feb. 2 to June 31, 1991. The Measurement tools used by this researcher were Go's The Questionaire of Identify about constitution, Lee's stress scale and Go's modified Cornell Medical Index which were approved it's reliability and validity. All of the questionaires of were used after pre- test. For the purposes of the study, the collected data were analyzed by frequency, t-test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation. And then this research's issue was tested by SAS program's ANCOVA. The findings of this study was summarized as follow. 1. There was significantly differences in stress perceptual level in Korean constitution. (F=9.68, P=.000). The So Em In (小陰人) were higher than the other constitution on stress perceptional level. 2. In health state, there was significantly difference among Korean constitution. (F=6.654, P=.002). Also the So Em In (小陰人) was lower than the other constitution at health state. Therefore, it was considerate that So Em In (小陰人) was higher perceptual level of stress than the other constitution and the resulting poor health state. 3. Stressful perception was effected on the health state, as a result inverted correlation was constructed between stress perception and health state. (r=-.6034, P=.0001) 4. After exclusion of stress perceptual level, each of the Korean Constitution's health state was not difference (F=1.01, P=.37). It was mean that differences of the Korean Constitution's perceptual level of stress effected on the health state. Bacause So Em In (小陰人) had higher perceptual level of stress than other constitution (F=9.687, P=.000), in proportion to that one's health state was poor. From the results of this study, it could be concluded that the higher stress perceptual level according to Korean constitution, the poorer health state. Further study in this area needs to be consideration that in order to coping with stress, researcher grope for quality nursing intervention with more accurative assessment about Korean constitution.