• 제목/요약/키워드: Number of job experience

검색결과 162건 처리시간 0.027초

치과진단용 X선발생장치의 이용 실태 및 방어에 관한 연구 (The Study on the Protection and Actual Condition of Using the Dental X-ray Unit)

  • 강은주;유병규
    • 대한방사선기술학회지:방사선기술과학
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    • 제23권2호
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    • pp.43-54
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    • 2000
  • This paper will present the result of research which was done with 201 places on the actual condition of using dental diagnostic radiography unit and the protection of radiography. The purpose of this paper is to comprehend the actual condition of using dental x-ray unit and to protect when they do radiation work. Moreover this paper was completed to prepare basic materials that could be helpful to reduce the exposure from radiation. This paper obtains the following result. 1. On radiation photographing work in the dentist office, 50.3% of dental hygienists treat this job, and 19.2% of assistants, 10.8% of dentists, 5.6% of radiolotechnologists and 4.2% others performed this job. 2. The case that radiation worker is educated about diagnostic radiography safety supervision has been shown 14.4% and uneducated case has been shown 78.1%. 3. The result about the actual condition of using the oral diagnostic radiation per day was that a number of film which take photograph again (less than 1 exposure) was 40.3%. Normal photographing($1{\sim}10$ exposure) was 85.1% which is the highest percentage. Using the bitewing film and occlusal film was 7.0%, and 12.4% respectively. The percent that they use cephalo film and panoramic film was 16.4% 29.8% respectively. 4. Dental intra diagnostic radiography unit made in $1996{\sim}2000$ was 24.9% and the one made in $1991{\sim}1995$ was 19.9%, in $1986{\sim}1990$ was 19.9%, in 1985 was 9.5% according to the answer. On kVp, they use 60 kVp mostly(61.7%) and On mA, they use 10 mA with the highest percent(66.7%). On the dental extra diagnostic radiography units which are used for doing the extra oral radiography, the one made in $1996{\sim}2000$ was 13.4%, in $1991{\sim}1995$ was 9.5%, in $1985{\sim}1990$ was 2.0% according to the answer. They use $71{\sim}80\;kVp$ with 10.9% and $60{\sim}75\;kVP$ with 9.5%. They use less than 10 mA with 19.4% and $11{\sim}15\;mA$ with 2.5%. $16{\sim}20\;mA$ with 1.5%. But the case they exactly do not know how much mA they use or they do not have any mA was 76.6%. 5. General characteristics and the part of protection through the protective equipment by operator are completed with 89.1%. They have shown the similar difference in the relationship with age(p<0.001), experience(p<0.05) and in-patient(p<0.05). 6. When they take photographs of radiation with general quality, how far they keep the proper distance from the cone is as follows, Keeping safe distance is 12.9% according to the answer with the low percent. This result is similar with the difference related in experience(p<0.05) and work(p<0.05), the area of working(p<0.05) and in-patient(p<0.05). 7. The answer about the question-if they hold the tube head when they take photographs with general characteristics is as follows. The answer that they never hold the tube head and cone occupies 62.7% with the highest percent. It is shown the similar difference with age(p<0.05). 8. According to the study that they put on dosimeter with general characteristics is as follows. 64.7% has never put on the dosimester with the highest percent. 33.8% showed similar differences with experience(p<0.05), work(p<0.001), the area of work(p<0.005)and in-patient(p<0.001).

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의료종사자의 환자안전문화와 표준주의 인식과 상관관계 (Awareness and Correlation of Patient Safety Culture and Standard Precautions among Health Care Personnel)

  • 권혜경;정재심;이복임;김장한
    • 한국의료질향상학회지
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    • 제21권2호
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    • pp.58-72
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    • 2015
  • Objectives: This study was conducted as descriptive correlation research in order to survey healthcare personnel(HCP)'s awareness of patient safety culture and their recognition of standard precautions, and to examine the correlation between the two factors. Methods: The subjects were 400 HCPs including 80 doctors, 240 nurses, and 80 medical technicians from two general hospitals. The questionnaire used in the survey consisted of 9 questions on general characteristics, 44 on the perception of patient safety culture, and 21 on the recognition of standard precautions. Results: According to the subjects' general characteristics, the score was significantly higher in those aged over 40 than in those aged 30-39. In addition, it was significantly higher in managers than in practitioners, in those with work experience of less than a year than in those with 5-9 years. The score was also significantly higher in those working 8 hours a day than in those working over 10 hour a day. The number of medical accident reports according to the subjects' general characteristics was significantly larger in nurses than in doctors, in managers than in practitioners, and in those with 10 years' or longer experiences than in those with less than a year. In the awareness of standard precautions according to the subjects' general characteristics, the score was significantly higher in female workers than in male workers, and in managers than in practitioners. As a whole, the subjects' awareness of patient safety culture and their recognition of standard precautions showed a significant correlation with each other. Conclusion: From the result of this study, sufficient work force and the promotion of organizational culture for safety is needed in order to guarantee patient safety. Likewise, these results suggest that experience, job skill, and adequate working hours have a positive effect on the awareness of patient safety culture and the recognition of standard precautions.

간호조무사의 근무환경인식과 성격성향에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Working Environment Recognition and the Caracter Disposition of Nurse Aides)

  • 이선이
    • 한국보건간호학회지
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.57-74
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    • 1990
  • As the whole world took on the tendency to be highly industrialized, it became necessary for each field of occupation to require professional man power. Especially, since the World War n, the participation of woman power in economic activities has been continually increasing. In our country also, because of the rapid economic growth, change in the way of thinking of women as well as their participation in economic activities are increasing. Thus, woman power is being utilized in various occupational fields from simple physical labor to those that require high-professional skill. Also, continued economic development policies, by setting the establishment of welfare society as the ideology to be fulfilled, brought expansion of medical facilities in the field of public health and increase in man power in that field. As for the nursing specialists, more than 6000 have been being produced per year and as of the end of 1988, the total number of nursing specialists, reached 123, 115. Therefore, this study is done to recognize the professional knowledge and ability of nursing specialists, who take up $40\%$ of the total public-health related man power in our country, through evaluating their working environment and their disposition of character. This study, which was done from September 18th to September 30th 1989, took on the method of using formed questionnaires that had been amended and supplemented during two preparatory investigations, 322 of such questionnaires were used as an analytical material. In the formation of questionnaires, 12 questions were related to the working environment, and 26 in fortotal were related to the disposition of character, 5 for wise-disposition, 11 for activedisposition and 10 for open-disposition. The measuring method, which used 5-point-standard, allowed 5 points for affirmative recognition of the working environment, also 5 points for showing wise, active and open disposition of character and only point in opposite cases. Collected materials were analyzed, through an electronic calculation, into the average value, the standard deflection percentage, pearson corelative number and stepwise multiple regression. Summarizing the results from this study is as follows: 1. It was shown that the nursing specialists with the average of 3.07 have affirmative recognition of their working environment. The questions which drew most affirmative reaction were those concerning finance-management system such as hand, the questions that received negative reaction were those concerning communication method with the average of 2.49. Such reaction seems to have resulted from the cramming regulation by the superior authorities. Concerning the recognition of working environment in relation to employment conditions, more affirmative recognition is shown with the average of 3.14. at hospitals where injection job is not performed. The nursing specialists working at regular hospitals show more affirmative recognition than those at general hospitals, the averages being respectiely 3.16 and 3.03. 2. As for the disposition of character of the nursing specialists, active-disposition was highest with the average of 3.38, next was wise-disposition with 3.20 and the lowest was open-diposition with 2.98. Variable-wise disposition of character shows that wise-disposition and academic background are beneficially correlated by 0.12. Ative-disposition and open-disposition show correlation to the office term by respectively 0.16 and 0.21. In other words. better academic background leads to higher wise-disposition and more - experience results in higher active and open disposition. Also, the class that performs the injection job, in relation to the working environment, might cause change in the self-conceit that identify those in that class with the nurses; however, as far as professional judgment and action, in dealing with nursing job, being wise, active and open is concerned, not much effect is made. 3. The relation between the recognition of the working environment and the disposition of character is that more afirmative recognition- a nursing specialist has about her working environment, the higher the active-disposition becomes by 0.13. The degrees of the relation between recongnition of environment and wise and open dispositions show respectively 0.06 and -0.06 and -0.06. That is to say that when having more affirmative recognition of the working environment, a nursing specialist shows wise but closed disposition of character. This, howerver, didn't mean much statistically. When observing the results mentioned above, it is conspicuous that the nursing specialists, working as substitutes for the nurse at medical institutions of various sizes, get the feeling of being somewhat equal to the nurses and to some extent, fulfill their desire to accomplish their ego; however, as far as professional ability expansion if concerned. they lack wise and open dispositions. Therefore, considiering upon the results of this study, in medical institutions where the work of nursing specialists is regaded equal to that of the nurses, as a medical member who deals with human lives, it is desirable to make the nursing specialists work under the supervision of the nurses and to offer them continuous education to strengthen and improve their natural dispositions.

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치과위생사의 근무지별 업무실태에 관한 조사 연구 (A Study on the Work of Dental Hygienists by Service Area)

  • 문경숙;황윤숙;김영경;정재연
    • 한국치위생학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.63-83
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    • 2002
  • The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for more efficient dental hygienist human resources utilization and for determining some of the right directions for supplementary education for dental hygienists, by examining how they actually worked and what they thought of job-related things. The subjects in this study were 537 dental hygienists who participated in a seminar by the Korea Dental Hygienist Association. After a survey was conducted, the following findings were given: 1. 50.2% of the dental hygienists investigated completed legally required eight-class education. Those who worked in clinics took less supplementary education classes than the others in the other types of dental institutions. The main reason they didn't receive supplementary education was financial burden and uncooperative employers. 73.2% took supplementary education at the association or its branches. The association was most favored by those in clinical sector as a place that provides supplementary education, followed by its branch and university in the order named. And the dental hygienists in public health sector preferred university most, and the next best favored one was the association and its branch in the order named. Those in clinical sector hoped to acquire clinical information on patient management, implant or aesthetics, and the dental hygienists in public health sector wanted to learn about health administration, public oral health operations and oral health education, which were different from what those in clinical sector wanted. 2. Regarding the period of service, 492% had worked for three years or more. This fact suggested that their service term and average age continued to grow. And they thought they would decide the retirement time on their own. 3. The most common yearly income ranged from 12 million won to 16 million won(40.7%). For-those in clinics, yearly income was 14.36 million won, and that of the dental hygienists who had worked for less than 3 years was 12.90 million won. 4. The Korea Dental Hygienist Association was most required to protect the rights and interests of the members and offer new knowledge and technology. 5. The largest group of them were engaged in patient management, and this type of job also was the most favored one for them to do. The greatest number of the dental hygienists in public health sector were in charge of dental treatment. 6. Concerning their turnover rate, 492% had never changed their occupation. Specifically, 70.0% of the respondents who had worked for less than 3 years had have no experience to do that. The time constraints for self-development and conflicts with other workers were the cause of their turnover. Those in dental hospital and general hospital changed their occupation chiefly due to the lack of time for self-development, and for the dental hygienists in clinics, the conflicts with other workers were the main reason. The above-mentioned findings suggested that the way the dental hygienists looked at things was undergoing change. The service area made a difference to their preference for the type of supplementary education and institution in charge of it, as those in public health and clinical sectors had a different opinion. And the dental hygienists in clinical sector had a different opinion as well, according to service area, about salaries, reason of not taking supplementary education, preferred type of supplementary education, cause of turnover, and type of occupation to which they hoped to change employment. To utilize and supply human resources in a more stabilized manner, job description should be more segmented, standardized and classified clearly, and dental hygienists should be motivated to perform their substantial jobs, including oral disease prevention, oral prophylaxis and oral health education. To make it happen, it seems that dentists are required to have a clear understanding of dental hygienist job and to change the way they look at it.

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학습, 혁신역량과 혁신성과 간의 관계에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Relationship of Learning, Innovation Capability and Innovation Outcome)

  • 김귀원
    • 기술혁신학회지
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    • 제17권2호
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    • pp.380-420
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    • 2014
  • 오늘날 불확실성이 증가하면서 조직구성원의 전문역량, 즉 혁신역량에 대한 중요성이 커지고 있다. 이러한 실정에도 불구하고, 조직원 개인의 혁신역량에 대해 혁신산출물을 만들기 위한 투입요소, 혁신 활동(혁신역량보유, 발휘, 증진노력 등) 그리고 혁신산출물 간의 관계에 관한 연구는 아직까지 많지 않은 편이다. 이런 원인은 기존 혁신연구단위가 국가단위, 산업단위, 기업단위에서 이루어지는 것이 일반적이기 때문이며, 상대적으로 특정기업의 투입, 산출 및 혁신활동 자체에 대한 분석이 다소 부족한 편이다. 그러므로 이 연구는 기존 혁신연구의 틀과 시각에서 벗어나, 특정조직중심의 개인별 혁신성과와 그 성과와 관련성이 높을 것으로 추정되는 혁신활동들에 대한 네 가지 가설, 즉 첫째는 역량의 차이에 따라 혁신성과는 차이가 있을 것이다. 둘째, 학습시간의 차이에 따라 역량은 차이가 있을 것이다. 셋째, 학습시간의 차이에 따라 혁신성과는 차이가 있을 것이다. 넷째, 학습시간과 혁신성과 간의 관계에는 혁신역량의 매개효과가 있을 것이다(구조모형 검정)는 문제에 대해 정량분석을 시도하여, 조직 경쟁력을 향상시키기 위한 정책적 시사점을 도출하는 것을 연구목적으로 한다.

간호업무 전산화를 위해 개발된 표준화된 간호계획서의 타당성 검정 (The Validation of Standardized Nursing Care Plans Developed for Computerized Use in Clinical Practice)

  • 김용순
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제21권3호
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    • pp.349-364
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    • 1991
  • Recognition of the usefulness and the importance of the nursing diagnosis is increasing. There is a prevailing opinion that nursing diagnosis should be used to improve the quality of nursing care. Developing standardized nursing care palns based on nursing diagnoses is therefore considered one of the most essential projects for professional growth and improvement in the nursing world of Korea. Consequently, in the first stage of this research project, the ten nursing diagnses used most frequently with patients on medical and surgical wards were determined and related nursing care plans were developed, implemented and evaluated. The application of the standardized nursing care plans raised the nurses' confidence and proved to be effective in enhancing the quality of nursing care. This study was initiated as the next stage, to develop, test, and determine the validity of nursing care plans for the remaining nursing diagnoses. Nineteen medical and surgical wards were selected for the study ; the 176 staff nurses working on those wards and 1211 patients hospitalized there (603 patients during the nursing care plan use) took part in the project. The following summarizes the results of the study : 1. After listing all the nursing diagnoses up to the 20th in frequency from each ward except the ten used in the first study, 22 nursing diagnoses were selected. Two related to ‘self care deficit’, were combined into one. Standardized nursing care plans were established for these 21 nursing diagnoses. 2. The first page of each nursing care plan lists the related factors and defining characteristics as supporting data. The application rate distribution revealed that the majority were recorded less than 50% of the time. For each nursing diagnosis, only one to three related factors were recorded more than 50% of the time regardless of the number of suggested related factors, and similarly, only one to five defining characteristics were recorded more than 50% of the time regardless of the number of suggested defining characteristics. Therefore, these factors and defining characteristics were proposed as the common related factors and the typical signs and symptoms for each nursing diagnosis. 3. The application rate distribution for the expected outcomes, and the nursing orders that were the main data of each nursing care plan occurred more than 50% of the time, unlike the related factors and the characteristics that occurred less frequently. These findings supported the clinical validity. 4. In an effort to evaluate indirectly the effect of the use of the standardized nursing care plans, nurses' job satisfaction and perceptions of their ability in the use of the nursing process were measured and compared. Scores after the use of the plans were significantly higher than those before. The experience in actually using the standardized nursing care plans with patients increased the nurses' professional and emotional satisfaction and their confidence in using the nursing process. Also when the nurses who actually used the nursing care plans were asked to rate their effectiveness, the highest score was given to ‘the ease of establishing the nursing goal’, followed by ‘improved professional advice and care for patients’, ‘the efficiency and systemization of charting’, ‘the definite recognition of the nursing problem’, and ‘the selection of effective and appropriate nursing interventions’ in descending order. The results indicate the nurses were very positive about the effect of the real clinical application of standardized nursing care plans, and that the objective of this study to utilize the nursing diagnosis to strengthen the nursing process was attained.

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중년여성의 가사노동시간과 피로도에 관한 연구 (A Study of the Housework Hours and Fatigue Levels in Middle-aged Women)

  • 박재순;오정아;서순림
    • 여성건강간호학회지
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    • 제6권3호
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    • pp.398-412
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    • 2000
  • The purpose of this study was to identify a relationship between housework hours and fatigue level in middle-aged women. The subjects were 204 women living in Seoul and near the city, ranging in ages of 30-59(mean = 41.6 year) and were interviewed during the month of Oct. to Dec. 1999. The following questionnaires were utilized in this study: a self reporting housework time measurement table and a fatigue symptom scale originated from Yoshitake (1978). The analysis of the data was done by SAS program, t-test, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study were as follows : 1. Total mean hours of housework of the subjects were shown 9.2 hours on weekdays and 8.9 hours on weekend. Mean hours according to the area of houseworks on weekdays and on weekend were preparing and providing meal 3.9 and 4.2, doing laundry and maintaining clothes 3.1 and 1.6, keeping and maintaining house 1.6 and 1.4, caring family 1.3 and 1.2, and keeping household records 0.5 both. 2. With respect to the general characteristics of the subjects, there were significantly difference in age, job, religion, type of family, number of children, experience of present and previous illness, and perceived body size. 3. Average fatigue scores of the subjects were 16.6 of total score 60. Fatigue scores by the area were neuroperceptive fatigue 6.5, mental fatigue 5.2, and physical fatigue 4.9 in order. There were significantly differences in the score of fatigue by religion, number of family, present illness, and perception of body size. 4. There were significantly positive relationships in the scores of fatigue with the total hours of housework, preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes, keeping and maintaining house, and caring family. 5. The physical fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of preparing and providing meal, doing laundry and maintaining clothes. While the mental fatigue scores were positively related the areas of preparing and providing meal, caring family, and keeping and maintaining house, and neuroperceptive fatigue scores were positively related with the areas of keeping and maintaining house and caring family. The recommendations from this study were further studies to investigate how middle-aged women manage their fatigue level, increase public awareness of middle aged women's fatigue level, and develop programs for middle-aged women to help with high fatigue.

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간호사의 건강문제와 업무에 대한 부담감이 프리젠티즘에 미치는 영향 (The influence of the burden of nurse's work and health problems on presenteeism)

  • 이지은;이은주
    • Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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    • 제28권4호
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    • pp.769-781
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구는 간호사의 건강문제와 업무에 대한 부담감이 프리젠티즘에 미치는 영향을 파악하고자 시행되었다. 연구대상은 K도와 D광역시 4개의 종합병원에 근무하는 간호사로 편의추출 방식으로 수집하였다. 연구결과 간호사의 건강문제는 목 어깨 등 허리통증이 가장 많이 나타났 고, 간호사는 평균 3.62개의 건강문제를 가지고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 간호사의 프리젠티즘은 100점 만점에 평균 $43.37{\pm}12.43$점으로 나타났다. 건강문제의 개수와 업무에 대한 부담감과 프리젠티즘은 유의한 정적인 상관관계가 나타났다. 건강문제의 개수와 업무에 대한 부담감은 현 병동에서의 근무기간, 직급, 의료 기관 규모, 성별 등의 인구사회 학적 요인을 통제한 상태에서 간호사의 프리젠티즘에 유의한 영향을 주는 것으로 확인되었다. 이는 업무에 대한 부담감을 낮출수록, 건강문제를 잘 관리 할수록 간호사의 프리젠티즘을 낮 출 수 있다는 결과이다. 따라서 향후 간호사의 개인수준, 조직수준, 사회수준에서 업무에 대한 부담감을 낮출 수 있는 방안이 필요하며, 이를 통해 프리젠티즘을 최소화하여 생산성을 높일 수 있어야 하겠다.

재무적·사회적 성과를 결정하는 사회적기업의 특성 (The Impact of Social Enterprises on the Financial and Social Performance: An Empirical Analysis in Korea)

  • 황수영;김용덕;구인혁
    • 벤처창업연구
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    • 제14권2호
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    • pp.61-72
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    • 2019
  • 최근 사회적기업에 대한 관심이 증가하고 양적 질적으로 성장하면서 사회적기업의 성공과 실패를 결정하는 요인에 대한 관심도 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 한국사회적기업진흥원에 자발적으로 경영공시를 수행한 사회적기업을 중심으로 기업의 특성이 재무적 성과와 사회적 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 분석을 수행하였다. 사회적기업의 재무적 성과는 당기순이익률, 영업이익률, 총자산이익률을 사용하였으며, 사회적 성과는 총고용 수, 취약계층고용비율을 사용하였다. 사회적기업의 특성요인으로는 대표자 특성(성별, 나이, 사회적기업 운영 경험), 기업규모, 업력, 차입금의존도, 자기자본비율, 인증 경과기간 등을 설정하였다. 실증분석 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 사회적기업의 특성과 재무적 성과와의 분석에서 기업규모, 조직형태, 정부지원금, 자기자본비율은 재무적 성과와 통계적으로 유의한 양의 관련성을 보였으며, CEO 나이, 기업업력, 차입금의존도는 통계적으로 유의한 음의 관련성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적기업의 특성과 사회적 성과와의 분석에서는 CEO 성별, CEO 연령, 기업규모 정부지원금은 총근로자수와 유의한 양의 관계를 나타낸 반면, 인증유형, 업종더미는 유의한 음의 관계를 보였다. 한편 CEO 성별과 인증유형은 취약계층취업률과 유의한 양의 관련성을 보였으며, 정부지원금, 기업규모 등은 취약계층취업률과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내지는 않았다.

사회적기업의 특성이 재무적 성과와 사회적 성과에 미치는 영향: CEO 특성을 중심으로 (A Study on the Effect of Social Enterprises Characterics on Financial and Social Performance)

  • 황수영;김용덕
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국벤처창업학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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    • pp.165-175
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    • 2018
  • 1997년 외환위기 이후 대규모 실업 및 빈곤 문제가 심각해지면서, 공공근로 사회적 일자리 창출사업 등을 진행했으나, 저임금, 단기 일자리라는 한계점을 가지고 있어 지속적인 양질의 일자리 창출에 대한 필요성이 점차 제기되면서 사회적기업이 점차 주목받기 시작했다. 최근 사회적기업에 대한 관심이 증가하고 양적 질적으로 성장하면서 사회적기업의 성공과 실패를 결정하는 요인에 대한 관심도 커지고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 사회적기업 특성이 재무적 성과와 사회적 성과에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지에 대해 분석을 수행하였으며, 한국사회적기업진흥원에 자발적으로 경영공시를 수행한 사회적기업을 중심으로 분석하였다. 사회적기업의 재무적 성과는 당기순이익률, 영업이익률, 총자산이익률을 사용하였으며, 사회적 성과는 총고용 수, 취약계층고용비율을 사용하였다. 사회적기업 특성 요인으로는 대표자 특성(성별, 나이, 사회적기업 운영 경험), 기업규모, 업력, 차입금의존도, 자기자본비율, 인증 경과기간 등을 설정하였다. 실증분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째 사회적기업 특성과 재무적 성과와의 분석에서 기업규모, 조직형태, 정부지원금, 자기자본비율은 재무적 성과와 통계적으로 유의한 양의 관련성을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, CEO 나이, 기업업력, 차입금의존도는 통계적으로 유의한 음의 관련성을 보이는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사회적기업 특성과 사회적 성과와의 분석에서는 CEO 성별, CEO 연령, 기업규모 정부지원금은 총근로자수와 유의한 양의 관계를 보인 반면 인증유형, 업종더미는 유의한 음의 관계를 보였다. 한편 CEO 성별과 인증유형은 취약계층취업률과 유의한 양의 관련성을 보이는 것으로 나타났으며, 정부지원금, 기업규모 등은 취약계층취업률과 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다.

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