• Journal of Elementary Mathematics Education in Korea
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.589-608
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• 2015

The inquiry subject of this paper is the number of convex polygons one can form by attaching the seven pieces of a tangram. This was identified by two mathematical proofs. One is by using Pick's Theorem and the other is 和々草's method, but they are difficult for elementary students because they are part of the middle school curriculum. This paper suggests new methods, by using unit area and the minimum area which can be applied at the elementary level. Development of programs for the mathematically gifted elementary students can be composed of 4 class times to see if they can prove it by using new methods. Five mathematically gifted 5th grade students, who belonged to the gifted class in an elementary school participated in this program. The research results showed that the students can justify the number of convex polygons by attaching edgewise seven pieces of tangrams.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.119-130
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• 2000

The purpose of this study was to serve as a basis for more effective sex education, by examining the influence of obscene media on elementary school student's sex consciousness. For attaining the purpose, the research questions were posed as follows: 1) What's general characteristics of elementary school students? 2) How much are elementary school students exposed to obscene media? 3) Is their sex consciousness different according to the degree of being exposed to obscene media and the appearance of secondary sex characteristic? The subject of study were the 400 male and female students who were in the sixth grade at elementary school in the city of Paju. The questionnaire survey was conducted to find out their general characteristics, sex consciousness and degree of being exposed to obscene media. The conclusions were as follows; 1) Basic Information 94% of the students investigated were living with their parents. The greatest number of their parents were in their fourties. Concerning the religion of their families, 47.5% belonged to Christianity or Catholicism. 47.3% got in touch with obscene media, which indicated that the harmful influence of that media was great. Their basic knowledge of pregnancy was very poor, as 27.2% weren't sure whether being pregnant could be caused only by shaking hands, hugging or kissing. 34.7% considered it a natural behavior to contact the other sex. Regarding their practice of sexual behavior, they'd have an experience of hugging or kissing. 2) Group Comparison The female students underwent the appearance of secondary sex characteristic faster than the male students. As a result of examining if their degree of being exposed to obscene media was affected by the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristic, no statistically significant difference existed in all the groups: the entire group, male student group and female student group. There appeared, however, statistically significant differences between male and female students, as the number of male student who hadn't yet been exposed to obscene media was less than that of female student who hadn't. And the number of male student who had been much exposed to obscene media was more than that of female student who had. 3) Sex Knowledge, Sex Attitude and Sex Practice The extent of making contact with obscene media didn't make statistically significant difference to the sex knowledge of all the groups. But more extent of getting in touch with obscene media led to more sex attitude and sex practice in the entire group. However, as a result of analyzing these things by the presence or absence of secondary sex characteristic, it's found in general that the group that had secondary sex characteristic possessed statistically better sex knowledge than the other group that hadn't. For the male students, there appeared little disparities in three subareas of sex knowledge, sex attitude and sex practice. For the female students, however, the group that had secondary sex characteristic owned better sex knowledge than the other group that hadn't, and the former group looked upon sex attitude as more natural.

• The Journal of Korean Society for School & Community Health Education
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• v.5
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• pp.43-70
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• 2004

This research was conducted to provide basic document on efficient health promotion behavior program that elementary school students can use from elementary school course to enhance health promotion behavior for healthy life by checking out the degree of the most influential factor for health promotion behavior about elementary school students who establish lifelong health habit, and by checking out the relation between the degree of self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. The number of subjects of this research was 598. They were all elementary school students from the sixth grade students of the 5 cities of the Kyeong Nam province. We conducted questionnaires and did statistical analyses by using 592 papers which were suitable for date analyses with SPSS. The conclusions were as follows; A. The degree of self-efficacy The degree of self-efficacy of elementary school students was more than average. The degree of self-efficacy on physical activity was the highest and the degree of self-efficacy on self-fulfillment was the lowest. The degree of self-efficacy of girl students was comparatively higher than that of boy students. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest in health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. B. The degree of health promotion behavior Although the degree of health promotion behavior of elementary school students was a bit lower than the degree of self-efficacy, it was higher than average. The degree of health promotion behavior on physical activity was the highest. But the degree of health promotion behavior on health of their own was the lowest. The degree of health promotion behavior between girl students and boy students was the same. When their parents got higher education, made a lot of money and kept harmony with their children, the degree of self-efficacy became high. Furthermore, when their parents or themselves have a lot of interest In health, they feel that they are healthy, and they feel that they are satisfied with their bodies, the degree of self-efficacy was high too. C. The relation between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior When the degree of self-efficacy was high, the degree of health promotion behavior was high too. So there was high positive relationship between self-efficacy and health promotion behavior. Physical activity showed the highest relationship. The order of strong relationship run as follows. Relationship with others, self-fulfillment, management of stress. The higher self-efficacy which was a recognizable factor on health behavior, the higher the degree of health promotion behavior. It is being revealed that many modem chronic diseases are cause by accumulated careless attitude on harmful health habit and lack of self-control. The behavior of keeping healthy and enhancing health is more firm when they have high self-efficacy which is believing their own conviction. So, When we teach elementary school students health promotion education at school, we should try to enhance their own self-efficacy rather than just instill simple information about health. By doing so, we can help them change their attitude on health. Then, they could enjoy life-long healthy life.

• The Mathematical Education
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• v.62 no.4
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• pp.457-471
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• 2023

Measurement is an imperative content area of early elementary mathematics, but it is reported that students' understanding of units in measurement situations is insufficient despite its importance. Therefore, this study examined lower-grade elementary students' quantitative reasoning of units in length measurement by identifying the levels of reasoning of units. For this purpose, we collected and analyzed the responses of second-grade elementary school students who engaged in a set of length measurement tasks using an open number line in terms of unitizing, iterating, and partitioning. As a result of the study, we categorized students' quantitative reasoning of unit levels into four levels: Iterating unit one, Iterating a given unit, Relating units, and Transforming units. The most prevalent level was Relating units, which is the level of recognizing relationships between units to measure length. Each level was illustrated with distinct features and examples of unit reasoning. Based on the results of this study, a personalized plan to the level of unit reasoning of students is required, and the need for additional guidance or the use of customized interventions for students with incomplete unit reasoning skills is necessary.

• Korean Journal of Health Education and Promotion
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.17-40
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• 2005

Objective: The purpose of the this study was to test the effect of the alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students through developing the web-based learning instruments. It will prevent the serious alcohol problem for adolescents and be the opening-learning according to learner's needs beyond the traditional classroom learning which has limitation of space and time. Method: This research designed based on web-based instructional system design by In-sung Jong(1997). This study was performed on the elementary school students who are the six grade in M city. The number of experimental group was 72 and control group's number was 72, totaled 144. Data were collected from September, 30th, 2004 to November, 5th, 2004, totaled 37days. The pretest and the posttest for web-based alcohol preventive education program were tested about knowledge and attitudes toward drinking. After the performance, the posttest was also tested the effect of this program under items by the interest of web-based learning, satisfaction, adequateness of material and so on. The data analysis was done using SPSS/Win 11.0 program. Result: The results of this study are as follows: 1) Compared with control group, experimental group which was educated the web-based alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students was improved the knowledge on drinking, thin there was no significant difference. However, it showed significant difference between two groups after education. It was, therefore, partially supported. 2) Compared with control group, the experimental group which was educated the web-based alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students showed significant difference in attitudes toward drinking. After education, it showed no significant difference attitudes. toward drinking between experimental group and control group. It was, therefore, partially supported. 3) The degree of learning motivation was an average.595 of 1 after learning applied to by the web-based alcohol preventive educational program for elementary school students. Then, it is relatively more higher than the result of existing studies. So, it showed that the motivation was done well. 4) Correlation among study variables It showed that there was the significantly positive correlation between knowledge and attitudes toward drinking of pretest experimental group. Also, there was the significantly positive correlation between attitudes toward drinking and learning motivation of pretest and posttest experimental group. Conclusion: I found that the web-based educational program helps the elarning process for the health education in the school field which the instructional materials lack. As a result, the web-based education motivates the learner's pleasure and promotes the learners interest. Also, it is possible for students to learn according to their own learning pace, repeated learning and active learning participation in the necessary parts. Therefore, I think the web-based educational program is worth as a intervention to get positive influence for the health education.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.585-590
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of the study was to investigate oral health-related behaviors of some elementary school students by installation of toothbrushing facility. Methods: A self-reported questionnaire was completed, out by 377 elementary school students with toothbrushing facility, and by 260 elementary school students with no toothbrushing facility in M city from November to December, 2015. The data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test and stepwise multiple regression analysis using SPSS 12.0 program. The questionnaire comprised toothbrushing practice(2 items), satisfaction of toothbrushing facility(1 item), oral health knowledge(4 items), fluoride recognition(1 item), and necessity of fluoride mouthrinse(1 item). Results: The level of oral health knowledge was high in toothbrushing facility school. But toothbrushing practice was higher in school of no toothbrushing facility(63.8%) than the school with toothbrushing facility(49.1%)(p<0.001). The number of brushing times a week was also higher in school of no toothbrushing facility(1.98 times) than the toothbrushing facility school(1.59 times)(p=0.011). The dominant reason for no brushing was not recognition(65.8%) in toothbrushing facility school, lack of places(61.3%) in non toothbrushing facility school. Conclusions: In order to improve the oral health in elementary school students, it is necessary to provide toothbrushing education and toothbrushing facility in elementary schools.

• The Journal of Korean Academic Society of Nursing Education
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.229-244
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• 2001

The purposes of this study are to do surveys of the state of health and dental health behaviors of higher grade students in elementary school and their mothers, to investigate the relationship of students' dental health, and to apply those results to the systematic and efficient dental health care. The subjects were totally 618 people, including 309 elementary school students in 4th, 5th, or 6th grades and their mothers in Pusan. The questionnaires were used as instruments, which were made by the researcher and related with other preceeding studies. The content validity of the instruments was tested by two professors of nursing. Dental checking were conducted by an expert of dental sanitation, according to the standard of the World Health Organization. The period of collecting data was 20 months from October 20th to December 20th in 2000 and the collected data were analyzed by SAS program and classified as the real number, the percentage, the mean, the standard deviation, t-test, and F-test. In conclusion, there is no significant correlation between grades and treated or treatment-needed permanent teeth. There is the highest significant correlation between treated or treatment-needed permanent teeth and students' dental health behaviors. There is high significant correlation between mothers' dental health behaviors and students' dental health behaviors. Also, There is significant correlation between mothers' state of dental health and students' state of dental health. From the results of this study, the students' dental health behaviors are the most important variables in the students' state of dental health. But both boys(9.48) and girls(9.97) get the low marks on the total mark 15 about brushing, which can be self-controlled. Therefore, the developments of dental health guidance in education about dental health by mothers or the educational courses in schools, such as brushing educations by the experts, dental health education, brushing after lunch, or the various equipments in brushing, should be accomplished. Above all, behavior-centered education should be conducted instead of knowledge-centered education.

• Journal of Korean Elementary Science Education
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.493-503
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• 2024

This study investigated the changes in elementary school students' question-generation abilities, science achievements, and attitudes toward science after attending an argument generation class. The study was conducted with 5th grade students of H Elementary School in G-si, Gyeonggi-do, and the following results were noted. First, after attending the argument generation class, the students' question-generation ability significantly improved. Second, there was no significant difference in the students' science achievement. However, according to the teacher's reflection journal, conceptual changes could be seen in the students' thinking as a result of participating in the argument-generation activities, which was confirmed by the students' reports. Third, there was no statistically significant difference in the students' attitudes toward science. However, there was a change in their attitude toward participating in the science classes, and there was a positive change in the number of the students participating in the science classes as a result of the activities.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.3-13
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to examine dietary attitudes of students and changes in their attitudes toward the school lunch service. The participants of the study were 483 students ranging from third grade elementary school students to middle school sophomores living in the Seoguipo area of Jeju Island. The subjects were asked to complete questionnaires under the supervision of their teachers or dietitians, and data were grouped into elementary school 3rd and 4th grades, elementary school 5th and 6th grades; and middle school 1st and 2nd grades for each gender. There were no significant differences among the groups with respect to their regularity of food intake, dietary considerations, or the frequency of imbalance in their diets. In the case of female participants, their frequency of snacking decreased as their grade level increased. In general, the overall changes in dietary attitudes became more negative as their grade level increased. Male students demanded increased serving sizes of both staple food and side dishes, while female students demanded increased serving sizes dishes, but not staple food as their grade levels increased. there was also an increase in the number of student sin higher grades who discarded or did not eat enough their entire meals. The major reasons for not eating the food were : no taste to the food and not proper saltiness of food. These results may suggest that school dietitians need to pay more attention to increased taste and proper seasoning of meals. Students suggested that the school lunch service should be continued, but that it needs improvement. Students in higher grades were more aware of the importance of the environment in which the meal was provided. Also, an early education in nutrition and healthy diets seemed important in preparing them for following a healthy lifestyle in later life.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.531-539
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• 2009

Purpose: To understand the differences and correlations of the knowledge of oral health, behavior, self-efficacy, belief, and the number of cavities in accordance with the general traits of elementary school students. Methods: The survey was conducted at 2 elementary schools in D city, which 740 respondents were analyzed. Results: A group of students who have received health education has plentiful knowledge of oral health and have more cavities. Also, a group of students who have been to dental clinics recently have more knowledge of oral health, follow guidance on oral health, and have high level of belief in health. The more knowledge of oral health the students have, the better they behave for oral health and the higher self-efficacy and belief in oral health become. Students with higher self-efficacy show more knowledge of oral health, more appropriate behavior, and stronger belief in oral health, while the number of cavities are much less. Conclusion: Health education contributes to improving the level of knowledge of oral health. Comprehensive programs beyond simple introduction of knowledge will be needed to improve behavior, self-efficacy, and belief in oral health. It is recommended to include a health clinic within a program for improving oral health in school so that it can help more students get oral health.