• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.1355-1364
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• 2019

A recently published nuclear forensics methodology for source discrimination of separated weapons-grade plutonium utilizes intra-element isotope ratios and a maximum likelihood formulation to identify the most likely source reactor-type, fuel burnup and time since irradiation of unknown material. Sensitivity studies performed here on the effects of random measurement error and the uncertainty in intra-element isotope ratio values show that different intra-element isotope ratios have disproportionate contributions to the determination of the reactor parameters. The methodology is robust to individual errors in measured intra-element isotope ratio values and even more so for uniform systematic errors due to competing effects on the predictions from the selected intra-element isotope ratios suite. For a unique sample-model pair, simulation uncertainties of up to 28% are acceptable without impeding successful source-reactor discrimination. However, for a generic sample with multiple plausible sources within the reactor library, uncertainties of 7% or less may be required. The results confirm the critical role of accurate reactor core physics, fuel burnup simulations and experimental measurements in the proposed methodology where increased simulation uncertainty is found to significantly affect the capability to discriminate between the reactors in the library.

• 정보보호학회논문지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.537-552
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• 2024

국내 원전은 방사능방재법에 의거하여 '정보시스템 보안규정'이 수립됨과 함께 조직구성부터 자산의 기술적/운영적/관리적 보안조치에 이르는 사이버보안 체계를 도입하여 운영하고 있다. 단계별 접근법, 물리적방호체계의 대안조치 등이 시도되고 있지만, 관리대상의 감소는 이루어지지 않기 때문에 현장의 한정된 인력으로 운영하기엔 보안 역량의 부담이 가중되고 있다. 본문에서는 원전 안전기능을 수행하는 A1 유형 자산에 대해 정비규정(MR, Maintenance Rule), EPRI 기술적 평가 방법론(TAM, Technical Assessment Methodology)를 활용하여 정비적인 측면과 기기 특성에 대한 측면으로 분석하였다. 이를 통해 사이버침해로 인한 자산기능의 영향을 재분석하는 방안을 제시한다.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제45권6호
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• pp.803-810
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• 2013

The U.S. Department of Energy's Fuel Cycle Technologies R&D program under the Office of Nuclear Energy is working to advance technologies to enhance both the existing and future fuel cycles. One thrust area is in developing enabling technologies for next generation nuclear materials management under the Materials Protection, Accounting and Control Technologies (MPACT) Campaign where advanced instrumentation, analysis and assessment methods, and security approaches are being developed under a framework of Safeguards and Security by Design. An overview of the MPACT campaign's activities and recent accomplishments is presented along with future plans.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제19권6호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2010

For guaranteeing for security of nuclear power plant, ergonomic factors have been applied to design of main control room, core area for management and control of nuclear power plant, but design elements for performance of operators have been ignored. As the behaviors of operators are important for security of nuclear power plant, space design which makes them pleasant psychologically and makes them maintain attention on security equipments ceaselessly is required. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to analyze space characteristics of main control rooms according to regulations of nuclear power plant and general guidelines of space design, and to offer basic data for designing of main control room which makes operators pleasant psychologically and physically. At first, theoretical issues related with design of main control room are reviewed and several premises of space are developed by abstracting design elements from common space and regulations of nuclear power plant and, then integrating each design elements interactively. In short, the improvement of system environment based on human-machine interface space has brought about perceptual, cognitive, and spatial changes and has realized next generation of main control rooms. And, differences and similarities between ordinary space and main control room, which ergonomic sizes and regulations are applied and is VDT environment based on LDP, are discussed in relation to 13 design elements and 17 space premise.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제51권1호
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• pp.138-145
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• 2019

With the application of digital technology to safety-critical infrastructures, cyber-attacks have emerged as one of the new dangerous threats. In safety-critical infrastructures such as a nuclear power plant (NPP), a cyber-attack could have serious consequences by initiating dangerous events or rendering important safety systems unavailable. Since a cyber-attack is conducted intentionally, numerous possible cases should be considered for developing a cyber security system, such as the attack paths, methods, and potential target systems. Therefore, prior to developing a risk-informed cyber security strategy, the importance of cyber-attacks and significant critical digital assets (CDAs) should be analyzed. In this work, an importance analysis method for cyber-attacks on an NPP was proposed using the probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) method. To develop an importance analysis framework for cyber-attacks, possible cyber-attacks were identified with failure modes, and a PSA model for cyber-attacks was developed. For case studies, the quantitative evaluations of cyber-attack scenarios were performed using the proposed method. By using quantitative importance of cyber-attacks and identifying significant CDAs that must be defended against cyber-attacks, it is possible to develop an efficient and reliable defense strategy against cyber-attacks on NPPs.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.725-730
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• 2017

원전의 안전 유지를 위한 계측제어계통에 일반적인 IT 자원을 활용하는 사례가 증가하고 있다. 이에 따라 기존 IT 자원이 갖는 잠정적인 보안 취약점으로 인해 원전 사이버 보안 침해 사고가 발생할 수 있으며, 원전의 가동 중단뿐만 아니라 국가적 재난에 이르는 심각한 사고를 야기할 수 있다는 문제가 제기되고 있다. 국내 원자력 규제기관에서는 이에 대응하기 위해 원전 사이버 보안 규제지침을 개발하고 규제 대상 및 범위를 확대시키고 있지만, 원전의 일반적인 보안 문제뿐만 아니라 원전 취약점에 특화된 공격에도 대응할 수 있는 방안이 필요하다. 이에 본 논문에서는 R.G.5.71에서 규정하고 있는 내용 중 취약점 점검과 관련된 42개 항목을 선별하여 5가지의 유형으로 분류 분석하였다. 제안된 분석 내용을 바탕으로 취약점 점검 도구를 개발한다면 원전 사이버 보안 취약점 점검 효율성을 향상시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국전자통신학회논문지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.267-271
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• 2014

원자력발전소의 데이터 네트워크와 연관된 안전 계통들은 다양한 IT (information technology) 네트워크 및 응용프로그램들을 적용하여 현대화되고 있다. 발전소 데이터 네트워크의 출현과 더불어 원전 계측제어시스템들은 최신의 디지털화된 마이크로프로세서에 근간을 둔 시스템으로 진화하고 있는 반면에, 일반적인 IT 환경에서의 각종 정보시스템이 가지는 사이버보안 취약성 및 사고의 가능성이 증대되는 단점을 가지게 되었다. 이를 보완하기 위해 원전에 적용하는 데이터 네트워크는 신뢰성, 성능 및 보안요건을 충분히 고려해서 설계되어야 한다. 본 논문에서는 원전 계측제어계통에 적용되는 안전한 네트워크의 설계 및 평가 시 사용될 수 있는 기술적인 보안 기준들을 제시하였으며, 본 기준들을 적용하여 설계 및 운영되는 발전소 데이터 네트워크는 외부의 사이버 위협으로부터 효과적인 대처를 할 것으로 판단된다.

• Strategy21
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• 통권31호
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• pp.5-26
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• 2013

The South Korean society has experienced many changes since the sinking of ROKS Cheonan. The government reviewed its defense posture and adopted the 5·24 Measure in its relations with North Korea. As a result, the people of South Korea became more conscious of security situations on the Korean peninsula while North Korea's economy suffered badly. Meanwhile, the South Korean government has taken a flexible stance toward North Korea in terms of exchange and cooperation since September 2011. The flexible stance was to manage inter-Korea relations in a stable manner and relieve the hardships of the North Korean people while preserving the spirits and purposes of the 5·24 Measure. The UN Security Council adopted twenty-six resolutions and statements on North Korea since June 25, 1950. They include thirteen U.N. Security Council resolutions including those concerning nuclear weapons or missile programs, nine Presidential statements, and four press statements. Resolution 82, the first U.N. resolution on North Korea, came when the Korean War broke out. Resolution 825, the first one related to nuclear or missile programs, was adopted in response to North Korea's withdrawal from the NPT. Apart from these U.N. resolutions, the United States has imposed separate sanctions against North Korea. North Korea's nuclear weapons program can be considered in comparison with that of Iran in terms of the consequences they create for the regional security. The Security Council has adopted six resolutions on Iran so far. One should note that the resolutions on Iran have had much stronger sanctions compared to those imposed on North Korea. That is, while the North Korea case may be viewed as a more serious threat to international security from the perspective of nuclear weapons development or proliferation, tougher sanctions have been placed on Iran. There are two approaches that South Korea should take in addressing the related issues. First, we should aim to reduce the gap between sanctions imposed on Iran and North Korea. It is difficult to understand that a country with more serious problems is rewarded with lighter sanctions. We should take measures through the Security Council Sanctions Committee to make individuals and groups in North Korea that play a central role in developing nuclear weapons and missiles subject to additional sanctions. Second, we have to change. Other countries in the international community have become tired of North Korea's nuclear issue and now they look to South Korea for initiative. We should correctly understand this current situation and play a leading role within our capacity. Knowingly and unknowingly, the notion that the North Korean nuclear issue may be left to South Korea has been spread around the international community. Although the situation is grave, we should try to open a new horizon in ushering in the unification era by taking the initiative with confidence that there is a looming hope ahead of us. For these tasks, we should stop thinking in the old way that has been ossified for the last two decades. We should not be pushed around by neighboring great powers in dealing with North Korea related issues anymore; we should take the initiative with resolution that we will play our role at the center of four great powers and with confidence that we can do it. Based on the confidence that the Republic of Korea has become a country with enough capacity to take the initiative, we should establish a 'National Grand Strategy' representing South Korea's strategic vision that the unification is the ultimate solution to the problems related to North Korea's nuclear weapons program.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제29호
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• pp.193-222
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• 2011

우리나라는 2010년 11월, 서울에서 'G20 정상회의'를 큰 문제없이 성공적으로 개최한 바 있으나 그 후 북한은 연평도 포격사건을 일으킨 바 있으며, 북핵문제로 갈등을 겪으면서 남북 간 경색국면이 가중되고 있는 시점에서 국제회의 행사의 하나인 '핵 안보정상회의'를 개최하게 되므로 개최의미가 매우 크다. '핵 안보정상회의'의 참가국은 47개국으로 우리나라에서 개최한 ASEM, APEC, G20 정상회의 참가국 수 보다 많으며, 핵 관련 3개 국제기구인 UN, IAEA, EU도 초청하는 대규모 국제회의 행사이다. 따라서 성공적인 '핵 안보정상회의'의 개최는 우리나라의 국격을 한 단계 높이는 계기가 될 것이며, 북핵문제 해결에도 도움이 될 개연성이 있는 중요한 국제행사인 것이다. 반면에, 외국에서 개최한 국제 정상회의와 마찬가지로 내년 4월에 개최 예정인 '핵 안보정상회의'에서도 폭력적인 반(反)세계화 시위가 있을 것에 대비해야 한다. 본 연구는 1999년부터 2009년까지 10년간 외국에서 개최된 다자간 국제회의 시 집회시위 사례분석을 통하여 문제점을 도출하여 이를 토대로 내년 4월, 개최예정인 '핵 안보정상회의' 시 집회시위에 관한 안전관리 방안을 모색해 보는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 제시한 안전관리 방안으로는 첫째, 행사관련 정 첩보 수집 및 검문검색 강화, 둘째, 국내 NGO에 대한 선무활동 강화 및 법적장치의 보완, 셋째, 대국민 홍보활동의 강화, 넷째, 진압요원의 조기차출로 교육훈련 및 비상대책 강화 등이다. '핵 안보정상회의시' 비상대책의 수단으로 군사지원대책을 보다 적극적으로 추진해야 하며, 행사에 임박하여서는 국방부와 협조하여 전 후방 군사대비태세를 보다 강화하고, 화생방테러에 대비하여 화생방 탐지 및 제독업무도 지원해야 한다.

• 한국원자력학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국원자력학회 1999년도 춘계학술발표회요약집
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• pp.446-446
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• 1999