• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.99-105
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• 2012

Objectives : This study aims to identify temperament and characteristics of cannabis and methamphetamine abusers for elucidating psycho-biological variables related to certain substance abuse. Methods : A total of 320 patients who registered in the 'Hepatitis C cohorts study of intravenous drug users' between March 2006 and March 2010 participated in this study. Data on demographic variables were obtained and the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and measures for nicotine dependence, alcohol dependence, depression and anxiety were assessed. After comparing TCI between cannabis, methamphetamine, and co-abusers, correlations between TCI and other clinical variables were examined. Results : The methamphetamine abuser group showed significantly higher scores in Novelty Seeking (NS2) and Harm Avoidance (HA3) in temperament than the cannabis abuser and co-abuser groups, whereas the cannabis abuser group had higher scores in purposefulness (SD2), congruent second nature (SD5), and self-directedness (SD) in character than the methamphetamine abuser group. In addition, temperaments and characters correlated with various psychiatric symptoms. Conclusions : We found the differences in temperament and characters among cannabis abusers, methamphetamine abusers. These findings might contribute to further understanding of mechanisms of cannabis and methamphetamine abuse.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.83-92
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• 2012

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to examine the psychological factors of Sasang constitutions which are classified by QSCC II(Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification II) using major personality tests which are based on western psychological theory. Methods: 151 college students completed the MMPI-2, MBTI, NEO-PI-R, TCI-RS, and QSCC II. The data were analyzed by ANOVA and post hoc testing to find which personality scale significantly differentiated each Sasang constitution style. Results: MMPI-2, scale 2(D), 5(Mf), 7(Pt), 0(Si) and introversion scale(INTR) showed significant differences between Soeumin and Soyangin. Also, on the dimension of introversion-extraversion in MBTI, and neuroticism(N) and extraversion(E) in NEO-PI-R, there were differences between Soeumin and the other two constitutions(Soyangin and Taeeumin). Finally, in TCI-RS, there were differences between Soeumin and Soyangin on the scale of novelty seeking(NS) and reward dependence(RD), and with regards to the harm avoidance scale(HA), Soeumin received a higher score than any other constitutions. Conclusions: The analysis demonstrates that the classification of QSCC II is most consistent between Soeumin and Soyangin across 4 major personality tests.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.203-210
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the attractiveness of local festival on local esteem of residents through the residents' satisfaction toward the festival. The survey was undertaken for four days during October 11 to 14 of 2013 in Dongnae, Busan. Two hundred twenty-three respondents were selected and invited to participate in this study. Results found a significant relationship between local festival attractiveness and festival satisfaction. The study also indicated that local community residents' satisfaction toward the festival had a significant, positive relationship with the residents' local esteem. Among the attractiveness factors, it was revealed that novelty-seeking and entertainment were more powerful stimulators. Also, analysis indicated that program quality, uniqueness, and convenience were also important for attracting local residents toward the festival. Theoretical and practical implication were discussed.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.131-142
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• 2015

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the personality traits and cognitive characteristics of the Sasang constitution by comparing the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI), Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Stroop Test. Methods: One hundred and six healthy subjects (age 20 to 40) were analyzed; 45 Taeeumin, 30 Soyangin and 31 Soeumin. The Sasang constitution was diagnosed by a sasang constitutional medicine specialist based on the results of a Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD), the external appearance, temperament and symptoms. The results of the EPQ, TCI, CPT and Stroop Test were compared between Sasang constitutions. Results: Among the seven dimensions of EPQ, Taeeumin and Soyangin scored significantly higher than Soeumin in Extraversion. Soyangin scored significantly higher than Soeumin in Impulsiveness. Among the four temperament dimensions of TCI, Taeeumin and Soyangin scored significantly higher than Soeumin in novelty seeking, reward dependence and persistence. Soeumin scored significantly higher than Taeeumin and Soyangin in harm avoidance. Among the three character dimensions of TCI, Soyangin scored significantly higher than Taeeumin in self transcendence. The results for CPT showed no significant differences between sasang constitutions. Taeeumin had a significantly higher color score in the stroop test than Soeumin. Conclusions: The personality tests showed significant differences between Sasang constitutions, but the neuropsychological test did not show any differences. Further studies should be performed to identify neuropsychological differences between Sasang constitutions.

• Journal of Oriental Neuropsychiatry
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.95-106
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• 2012

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to study the personality traits of Sasang constitutions by comparing the profiles of Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ). Methods : A total of 110 healthy people (20 to 40 years old), except for 2 Taeyangin (TY type), were analyzed; 45 Taeeumin (TE type), 32 Soyangin (SY type), and 31 Soeumin (SE type). A Sasang constitutional medicine specialist diagnosed the Sasang constitution after analyzing the result of a Two Step Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Diagnosis (TS-QSCD), the external appearance, temperament and symptoms. The dimensions of TCI and EPQ were compared among the different Sasang constitutions, using an analysis of variance, and correlations between TCI and EPQ were analyzed by a Pearson correlation method. Results : Among the four temperament dimensions of TCI, SY type showed a significantly higher score than the SE type in Novelty Seeking. SE type showed significantly higher score than TE and SY type in Harm Avoidance. SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Reward Dependence. TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Persistence. There were no significant differences in the character dimensions of Self-directness, Cooperativeness and Self-Transcendence. Among the seven dimensions of EPQ, TE and SY type showed significantly higher score than SE type in Extraversion. SE type showed significantly higher score than SY type in Lie. SY type showed significantly higher score than TE and SE type in Impulsiveness. Conclusions : The results demonstrated that there are some significant differences of personality traits among Sasang constitutions. This could help diagnose and understand each Sasang constitution.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.236-245
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• 2011

Objectives : The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship of the parenting stress with their children's characteristics for typically developing preschool children. Methods : Parents of 38 preschool children (mean age : 4.4${\pm}$0.7 years, 22 boys) completed the Korean Parenting Stress Index, the Korean Child Behavior Checklist, the Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scale-Abbreviated form (CPRS and CTRS), the Junior Temperament and Character Inventory, the Children's Sleep Habit Questionnaire and the Social Responsiveness Scale. All 38 children performed the Comprehensive Attention Test (CAT). Results : The children's inattentive and hyperactive problems, as measured by the CBCL, CPRS and CAT, had positive correlation with parenting stress. Both internalizing and externalizing behavioral problems were associated with parenting stress. Of the child's temperament dimensions, Novelty Seeking and Harm Avoidance were positively correlated with parenting stress, but Persistence and Cooperativeness were negatively correlated with parenting stress. Sleep anxiety and other sleep characteristics showed a correlation with parenting stress. Social Motivation and Communication were also positively related to parenting stress. Conclusion : Our results suggest that parenting stress could be related to the children's cognition, emotion, behavioral characteristics, sleep habits and social development. These results could assist in the development of interventions to improve the parental well-being in typically developing preschool children.

• The Journal of the Society of Korean Medicine Diagnostics
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.96-115
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• 2007

Background and Purpose: Electroencephalogram(EEG) is a multi-scaled signal consisting of several components of time series with different origins. Recently, because of the absence of an identified metric which quantifies the complex amount of information, there are many limitations in using such a linear method. According to chaos theory, irregular signals of EEG can also result from low dimensional deterministic chaos. Chaotic nonlinear dynamics in the EEG can be studied by calculating the correlation dimension. The aim of this study is to analyze correlation between the correlation dimension of EEG and psychological Test (TCI). Methods: Before and after moxibustion treatment, EEG raw data were measured by moving windows during 15 minutes. The correlation dimension(D2) was calculated from stabilized 40 seconds in 15 minutes data. 8 channels EEG study on the Fp, F, T, P was carried out in 30 subjects. Results: Correlation analysis of TCI test is calculated with deterministic non-linear data and stochastic non-linear data. 1. Novelty seeking in temperament is positive correlated with D2 of EEG on Fp. 2. reward dependence in temperament is positive correlated with D2 of EEG on T3,T4 and negative correlated with D2 of EEG on P3,P4. 3. self directedness in character is positive correlated with D2 of EEG on F4, P3. 4. Harm avoidance is negative correlated with D2 of EEG on Fp2, T3, P3. Conclusion: These results suggest that nonlinear analysis of EEG can quantify dynamic state of brain abolut psychological Test (TCI).

• Journal of Sasang Constitutional Medicine
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.34-47
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• 2019

Introduction Cloninger's Novelty-Seeking (NS) and Harm-Avoidance (HA) were found to be the biopsychological characteristic of Sasang typology, and the So-Yang type has high NS and low HA however the So-Eum type as contrary. The purpose of this study was to show the clinical usefulness of these measures as objective clinical index of Sasang typology in foreign countries lacking validated measures. Methods The Sasang type of 103 university students was diagnosed using Questionnaire for Sasang Constitution Classification (QSCC) II and clinical specialist, and biopsychological and physical features with NS, HA, Sasang Personality Questionnaire (SPQ) and BMI. These measures were normalized to make a noble index of 'NS(100-HA)', and the correlation among these were examined with Pearson's correlation. The differences of biopsychological and physical features between Sasang type groups were attested with ANCOVA, and the comparison of clinical usefulness of SPQ and NS(100-HA) were examined with discriminant analysis. Results SPQ and BMI were clinically useful for Sasang typology as shown in previous studies, and the substitution of SPQ with normalized NS(100-HA) was found acceptable. The NS(100-HA) is significantly correlated with SPQ (r=0.466, p<0.01), however not with BMI (r=0.079, ns). The SPQ and NS(100-HA) scores were found to be distinctive between Sasang type groups, and these were found to predict Sasang type of participants with similar correctness. Discussion and Conclusion The current study reviewed the theoretical backgrounds and confirmed the clinical usefulness of Cloninger's biopsychological theory in Sasang typology. These might provide foundations for integrative medicine and cross-cultural biopsychology of the East and West.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.427-432
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of spatial expression in the works of Terunobu Fujimori, Japan's leading eco-friendly architect, in line with the contemporary background on environmental issues. As a method of research, we will select five representative multi-room spaces from the 1990s to the present and explore the characteristics of expression in the space through literature research. As a result of the analysis, we were actively using the strategy of using natural materials to finish the space and introduce plants into the building. Japan's strategy of borrowing traditional methods was to use them as a way of expressing space, a way of expressing fantasy and deviance. We expect that the demands of modern people seeking novelty in this era and the eco-friendly building plan of feasible alternatives can be presented as another methodology for spatial design.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.1-21
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• 2011

In order to explore the impact of gender in the effects of age, temperament, and parenting on preschoolers' psychosocial problems, 339 preschoolers, 3-5 year old, were assessed using parent report measures of externalizing and internalizing behavior problems, temperament, and parenting. The results of ANOVA and hierarchical regression analyses are as follows. First, the main effects of age and gender for externalizing problems and the interaction effect of age and gender for internalizing problems were significant. Second, the important predictors of preschoolers' internalizing and externalizing problems were different by gender. In boys, Novelty Seeking(NS), Harm Avoidance(HA), and hostile parenting significantly predicted both problems. In girls, NS, HA, and warm parenting significantly predicted both problems. In addition, girls were more strongly influenced by parenting whereas boys were more influenced by their temperaments. The results of this study highlight some important suggestions for prevention strategies for preschoolers' behavioral problems. The implications and limitations of this study were further discussed.