• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.71-76
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• 2008

In this study, side force, drag, and the yawing moment were measured based on the angle of attack by using two models of different nose shapes with slender bodies, which were general shapes in the subsonic area. As a result, the side force and yawing moment were the highest at a specific angle of attack. The boundary between asymmetrical normal state and asymmetrical abnormal state were able to be seen. As a result of analyzing the side force, drag, and yawing moment by time, reliability varied depending on the shape of the head at the same angle of attack. The results of measuring pressure distribution from the surface of the slender body at each angle of attack were as follows: as the angle of attack gets higher, the distribution of surface pressure was asymmetrical.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.66-70
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• 2005

Cupid's bow, upper lip, columella, and ala of nose are esthetically important, in which their symmetrical plasties determine success or failure of the surgery in cleft lip and palate patients. Z-palsty and its modifications are simple and effective. The double Z-plasty is economical in surgical time and esthetics in reconstructing the cupid's bow compared with other methods. We report a 29-year-old male patient who represented reversed cupid's bow and whistle deformity after the primary repair of the cleft lip. He was corrected the cupid's bow using a double Z-plasty. The reversed cupid's bow was corrected to a normal shape and the whistle deformity disappeared. The tightness of the upper lip was relieved after the operation. The double Z-plasty was esthetically successful because the procedure was limited in the vermilion and did not produce a new scar on the skin. Furthermore, the lip tubercle became protuberant. The cupid's bow was symmetrically smoothly curved at 4 years after the operation. These results indicate that the double Z-plasty is simple, less traumatic to the surrounding tissues, and suitable for the correction of whistle deformity.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.53-62
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• 2011

Purpose: Even though Augmentation rhinoplasty is very popular surgical procedure, it is not easy to obtain ideal materials for augmentation. Many different synthetic materials are used but frequent complications are seen such as infection, extrusion, deform, and dislocation. Autologous tissues were used for augmentation rhinoplasty. We used dermofat graft and fat injection in augmentation rhinoplasty minimizing these problems. Methods: From 2006 to 2009, we used autologous tissues in augmentation rhinoplasty in 40 patients, 20 patients with dermofat graft and other 20 patients were treated with fat injection only. Dermofats were harvested from sacral area. gluteal fold, groin and preexisting scar tissue. Dermofats were inserted with small stab wound and fat tissues were injected as Coleman's technique. The patients were followed up 6 months to 5 years. Results: Most of the patients were satisfied in shape and height the nose. Early complications such as hematoma, infection and seroma were not found. Secondary fat injection was performed in 3 patients (15%) of dermofat graft group instead of 7 patients (35%) of fat injection only group. Conclusion: We obtained satisfactory results in augmentation rhinoplasty with dermofat graft and fat injection. Secondary fat injections were more often in fat injection group than dermofat graft group. Dermofat graft and fat injection could be another alternative technique for augmentation rhinoplasty and fat injection could be a secondary adjunctive treatment for undercorrection due to absorption.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.72-78
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• 2000

In this study, we propose a model verification algorithm based on DCT and neural network for ATM security system. We construct database about facial images after capturing thirty persons facial images in the same lumination and distance. To simulate model verification, we capture four learning images and test images per a man. After detecting edge in facial images, we detect a characteristic area of square shape using edge distribution in facial images. Characteristic area contains eye bows, eyes, nose, mouth and cheek. We extract characteristic vectors to calculate diagonally coefficients sum after obtaining DCT coefficients about characteristic area. Characteristic vectors is normalized between +1 and -1, and then used for input vectors of neural networks. Not considering passwords, simulations results showed 100% verification rate when facial images were learned and 92% verification rate when facial images weren't learned. But considering passwords, the proposed algorithm showed 100% verification rate in case of two simulations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TE
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.104-113
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• 2000

In this study, we propose facial image recognition based on wavelet transform and neural network. This algorithm is proposed by following processes. First, two gray level images is captured in constant illumination and, after removing input image noise using a gaussian filter, differential image is obtained between background and face input image, and this image has a process of erosion and dilation. Second, a mask is made from dilation image and background and facial image is divided by projecting the mask into face input image Then, characteristic area of square shape that consists of eyes, a nose, a mouth, eyebrows and cheeks is detected by searching the edge of divided face image. Finally, after characteristic vectors are extracted from performing discrete wavelet transform(DWT) of this characteristic area and is normalized, normalized vectors become neural network input vectors. And recognition processing is performed based on neural network learning. Simulation results show recognition rate of 100 % about learned image and 92% about unlearned image.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.400-406
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• 2017

Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate changes in nasal growth after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer in patients with bilateral incomplete cleft lip. Methods Twenty-six infants with bilateral incomplete cleft lip and cleft palate were included in the study. A preoperative nasal retainer was applied in 5 patients from the time of birth to 2.6-3.5 months before primary cheiloplasty. Twenty-one patients who were treated without a preoperative nasal retainer were placed in the control group. Standard frontal, basal, and lateral view photographs were taken 3 weeks before cheiloplasty, immediately after cheiloplasty, and at the 1- and 3-year postoperative follow-up visits. The columella and nasal growth ratio and nasolabial angle were indirectly measured using photographic anthropometry. Results The ratio of columella length to nasal tip protrusion significantly increased after the implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer compared to the control group for up to 3 years postoperatively (P<0.01 for all time points). The ratios of nasal width to facial width, nasal width to intercanthal distance, columellar width to nasal width, and the nasolabial angle, for the two groups were not significantly different at any time point. Conclusions Implementation of a preoperative nasal retainer provided significant advantages for achieving columellar elongation for up to 3 years postoperatively. It is a simple, reasonable option for correcting nostril shape, preventing deformities, and guiding development of facial structures.

• Journal of fish pathology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.119-127
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• 1998

Two species of the parasitc copepods, Clavellopsis hugu (Lemaeopodidae; Siphonostomatoida) and Taeniacanthus yamagutii (Taeniacanthidae; Poecilostomatoida) from cultured Korean fish, Takifugu obscurus, is described and reported for the first time in Korea. The parasite was recovered from the buccal cavity, nose and skin. Clavellopsis hugu is easily identified by the body shape, 2nd antenna, mandible and 2nd maxillae. In female, cephalothorax flexed dorsally, second antenna biramose, mandible with serrate blade, second maxillae completely fused at base of cephalothorax. In male, cephalothorax and trunk fused into an ovoid, two pairs of maxillipeds chelate. The most distinctive features of Taeniacanthus yamagutii are terminal process of second maxilla stout, maxilliped claw with conspicuous digitiform process at base and a setiform element at the tip of each exopod spine of legs 2-4. Both parasitic copepod species are new to the Korean fauna. The korean fish, Takifugu obscurus should be considered as an additional host of this species because these parasite were recovered from the western coast of Korea (Boryung Hatchery).

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.16 no.7
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• pp.1495-1504
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• 2012

This paper proposes an algorithm to classify and analyze facial features such as eyebrow, eye, mouth and chin based on the geometric features of the face. As a preprocessing process to classify and analyze the facial features, the algorithm extracts the facial features such as eyebrow, eye, nose, mouth and chin. From the extracted facial features, it detects the shape and form information and the ratio of distance between the features and formulated them to evaluation functions to classify 12 eyebrows types, 3 eyes types, 9 mouth types and 4 chine types. Using these facial features, it analyzes a face. The face analysis algorithm contains the information about pixel distribution and gradient of each feature. In other words, the algorithm analyzes a face by comparing such information about the features.

• Journal of KIISE
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• v.44 no.7
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• pp.692-702
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• 2017

Face detection using the LBP based feature descriptor has issues in that it can not represent spatial information between facial shape and facial components such as eyes, nose and mouth. To address these issues, in previous research, a facial image was divided into a number of square sub-regions. However, since the sub-regions are divided into different numbers and sizes, the division criteria of the sub-region suitable for the database used in the experiment is ambiguous, the dimension of the LBP histogram increases in proportion to the number of sub-regions and as the number of sub-regions increases, the sensitivity to facial orientation rotation increases significantly. In this paper, we present a novel facial region segmentation method that can solve in-plane rotation issues associated with LBP based feature descriptors and the number of dimensions of feature descriptors. As a result, the proposed method showed detection accuracy of 99.0278% from a single facial image rotated in orientation.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.47-54
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• 2001

The main purpose of this study is to propose the algorithm about the extraction of the facial feature. To achieve the above goal, first of all, this study produces binary image for input color image. It calculates area after pixel labeling by variant block-units. Secondly, by contour following, circumference have been calculated. So the proper degree of resemblance about area, circumference, the proper degree of a circle and shape have been calculated using the value of area and circumference. And Third, the algorithm about the methods of extracting parameters which are about the feature of eyes, nose, and mouse using the proper degree of resemblance, general structures and characteristics(symmetrical distance) in face have been accomplished. And then the feature parameters of the front face have been extracted. In this study, twelve facial feature parameters have been extracted by 297 test images taken from 100 people, and 92.93 % of the extracting rate has been shown.