• 한국조경학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.66-74
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• 2016

안전에 대한 우려에도 불구하고 사람들이 북한을 여행하는 이유는 무엇인가? 가서 보고자 하는 것과 그 특성은 무엇인가? 이 논문은 서구권의 관광객의 시각을 대변하는 매체를 통해 북한 관광의 방식과 북한 체제의 합으로 만들어지는 평양 경관의 시각적 특수성을 해석했다. 다크 투어리즘과 극장 국가 이론을 토대로 서구권의 북한 관광 홍보 문구, 관광 에이전시 자료, 위치정보태그 기반 사진공유 웹사이트를 본 결과, 평양 경관의 시각적 특수성에 대해 다음의 결론에 이르렀다. 북한의 위험성은 예상과 달리 오히려 북한을 직접 가보고 싶게끔 만드는 매력으로 역할하고 있다. 그러나 북한 관광의 고유한 특성으로 인해 실재 관광의 과정에서 위험이 차단되며, 이로써 관광객은 관광의 계기로 삼았던 위험 속에서의 모험을 지속하게 된다. 관광객이 구경하는 대규모 국가 의례는 북한 주민의 일상생활에서까지 작동하여 극장 국가적 성격의 확장이 나타난다. 정치적으로 고립된 세계, 그 세계를 유지하고 보여주기 위한 집단의 몸짓, 베일에 가려진 사람들의 삶을 대변하는 평양의 경관은 서구권의 북한에 대한 환상을 충족시키는 한편, 북한의 체제 유지의 근거를 만들어내는 피상적 이미지이다.

• 대한지리학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.37-52
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• 2015

이 연구의 목적은 도시민의 공간 정향 특성을 밝혀보려는 것이다. 주요 분석 자료는 지난 10여 년 간(2005-2014)에 걸쳐 인천 연수구 일대에서 수집된 110개의 약도이다. 구체적인 연구 내용은 도시민의 공간 정향 요소 및 정향 체제에서 나타나는 특성을 분석하는 것이다. 연구 결과, 정향 요소 면에서 볼 때 도시민의 공간 정향에는 통로, 결절, 지구, 랜드마크를 비롯하여 언어 단서 등 모두 5개의 정향 요소가 동원되고 있었다. 정향 체제의 특성은 정위(定位) 및 지향(指向) 면에서 살펴보았다. 정위의 경우 다시 기준 축(軸)과 정치(定置) 분포로 나누어 분석해 본 결과, 도시민의 공간 정향에서는 대로에 기반한 횡축 의존성이 뚜렷하였고 좌표 체계상 중앙부 정치 선호 경향이 상대적으로 짙었다. 지향의 경우 다시 상방위(上方位)와 조망(眺望) 시각으로 나누어 살펴본 결과, 도시민의 공간 정향에서는 북상향적 특성이 우세하게 나타났고 외심적 조망이 상대적으로 더 높은 비중을 차지하였다. 결론적으로 도시민은 5대 정향 요소를 동원하여 수평축을 정위 축으로 삼아 좌표 체계상 중앙부에 자신을 정치시키면서 외심적 조망 시각을 통해 북상향을 지향하는 방식으로 공간 정향을 이루는 경향이 높은 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 정보화연구
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.223-236
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• 2013

최근 한반도 정세와 관련하여 북한의 전쟁위협으로 긴장이 고조되고 심각한 위기상황이 지속되고 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 최근 북한의 전쟁위협에 대해 남한의 주민들(수용자)이 느끼는 주관적 인식에 대해 Q방법론적 분석틀을 통해 알아보고자 하는 것이다. 연구 결과 북한의 전쟁위협에 대해 남한 주민들의 인식 유형은 '무반응형', '공포 반응형', '심리적 불안형', '냉소적 무시형' 등 네 가지로 분석되고 있다. 먼저, 제1유형인 무반응형은 북한의 전쟁위협 자체에 큰 공감을 하지 못하는 유형이며, 제2유형인 공포 반응형은 '혹시 이러다 무슨 일이 생기는 것 아닌가'하는 불안한 마음을 가지고 있고, 북한의 전쟁위협에 대해 위기감을 느끼는 유형이다. 제3유형인 심리적 불안형은 북한의 전쟁위협으로 인해서 남북관계가 위기라고 느끼고 있는 유형이다. 마지막으로 제4유형인 냉소적 무시형은 북한의 위협이 허풍이라고 생각하고 있으며, 북한이 양치기 소년 같다고 느끼고 있는 것으로 분류되고 있는 유형이라고 할 수 있다. 본 연구에서 Q방법론을 적용한 것은 연구참가자의 위협적 메시지에 대해 주관적 인식과 위협이라는 심리적 의미에 보다 심층적인 접근이 가능하기 때문이다.

• 의료법학
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.47-82
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• 2019

남북 간의 교류와 협력은 그 과정에서 불가피하게 여러 가지 법적 분쟁을 야기할 수 있는데, 그 중에 하나가 인신사고로 인한 손해배상 문제이다. 이 글의 목적은 인신사고로 인한 손해액 산정에 관한 북한법의 내용을 살펴보고 이를 남한법과 비교함으로써, 남북한 주민 간의 손해배상사건에 있어서 분쟁해결의 기준을 제시하는 데 있다. 향후 남북간의 교류와 협력이 확대될 것으로 예상됨에 따라, 북한의 손해배상법에 대한 이해는 매우 중요하고 시급한 과제이다. 남한 민법에는 인신사고로 인한 손해액 산정과 관련한 구체적인 규정을 두고 있지 않기 때문에, 손해액 산정에 관한 구체적인 기준은 법원의 판례를 통해서 정해지게 된다. 남한의 법원은 인신사고로 인한 손해를 적극적 재산상 손해, 소극적 재산상 손해, 정신적 손해로 나누어서 각각의 손해액을 산정한다. 반면, 북한 손해보상법은 인신사고를 1) 건강을 침해한 경우(제41조), 2) 건강을 침해하여 장애를 남긴 경우(제42조), 3) 인신 침해로 사망에 이르게 한 경우(제44조)로 나누어서 그에 따른 손해의 항목을 구체적으로 규정하고, 손해액 산정에 관한 규정(제43조, 제51조)을 두고 있다. 또한, 남한에서는 신체사고에 대한 정신적 손해배상을 넓게 인정하고 있으나, 북한에서는 정신적 손해배상을 원칙적으로 인정하고 있지 않다.

• 한국농촌간호학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.33-42
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was done to determine the extent of Clonorchis sinensis infections as well as other parasitic infections and to determine the growth rate. Method: Analyzed test results were from 1,050 bowel samples taken at 3 public health subcenters located in Muju, North Jeolla Province during February and March 2007. Result: The results are summarized as follows; The egg positive rate by stool examination was 4.3%. Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Clonorchis sinensis, Trichuris trichiura, Metagonimus, Paragonimus were detected. No one was infected with multiple parasites. Infection rate for Clonorchis sinensis was 3.5%. Statistical correlation to Clonorchis sinensis infection rate was as follows; Gender (p=0.001), Age (p=0.005), Proximity to a river (p<0.000), Drinking (p<0.000), Smoking (p=0.009), Cooking of freshwater fish (p<0.000), Confidence in subjective health status (p=0.032), Family history of infection (p=0.005), No significant correlation was found between Clonorchis sinensis infection rate and duration of stay (p=0.809) in the agricultural communities or between Clonorchis sinensis infection and knowledge of Clonorchis sinensis (p=0.113). Conclusion: The results of this survey show that there is a need to develop a program to test the condition of Clonorchis Sinensis infection and its growth rate in residents of rural communities.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.32-38
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• 2016

In general, lots of containers including various dangerous materials are transported to the port located in big cities such as Busan where massive residents live. Thus, it's really important how to make the emergency response for the leak accidents of dangerous materials and evaluate the direct or indirect damages to adjacent areas. In this study, in order to make reasonable emergency plans, CA (Consequence Analysis) is employed after selecting a key hazardous and noxious material, hydrogen fluroide. This material accounts for the third largest portion of cargo volume among all dangerous materials and can cause a huge damage in case of leakages. As a case study, Busan North port is selected as a test port since the portion of dangerous materials is higher than that of other ports in Busan. It is assumed that 1 ton of hydrogen fluoride is spilled at Busan North port. CA is performed to assess the impact of this accident. Throughout CA, the ERPG-2 range of a leak accident can be evaluated and this result can be used for decision making tools for mitigating the impact of a leak accident. To mitigate the damage of this accident, suitable a protective equipment and resident evacuation procedures should be prepared. Finally, this study can provide a systematic approach to make the emergency plan for reducing economical and personal losses.

• 시큐리티연구
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• 제1호
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• pp.351-370
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• 1997

This study concerns possible measures to prevent separatists' terrorist acts against overseas Korean businessmen. Of late, many Korean enterprises are helping a number of foreign countries develop their economy, by building factories and manning regional offices in those countries. But recent development of terrorism especially against Korean businessmen is alarming. This report discusses the need for Korean enterprises heading overseas to prepare themselves with awareness of terrorism and possible protective measures against it, besides their routine pursuance of profits; and for the government and prospective enterprises to refrain from investing in those countries having active separatist movements. If an investment has become inevitable, a careful survey of the region in conflict should be conducted and self-protective measures should be put in place through security information exchange, emergency coordination and training of personnel, etc. This study will first review the past terrorist incidents involving employees of overseas Korean enterprises, and then will focuss on seeking effective measures on the basis of the reported incidents. In carrying out the study, related literature from both home and abroad have been used along with the preliminary materials reported and known on the Internet from recent incidents. 1. The separatist movements of minority groups Lately, minority separatist groups are increasingly resorting to terrorism to draw international attention with the political aim of gaining extended self rule or independence. 2. The state of terrorism against overseas Korean enterprises and Koreans Korean enterprises are now operating businesses, and having their own personnel stationed, in 85 countries including those in South East Asia and Middle East regions. In Sri Lanka, where a Korean enterprise recently became a target of terrorist bombing, there are 75 business firms from Korea and some 700 Korean employees are stationed as of August 1996. A total of 19 different terrorist incidents have taken place against Koreans abroad since 1990. 3. Terrorism preventive measures Terrorism preventive measures are discussed in two ways: measures by the government and by the enterprises. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by the government - Possible measures at governmental level can include collection and dissemination of terrorist activity information. Emphasis should be given to the information on North Korean activities in particular. ${\blacktriangleleft}$ Measures by individual enterprises - Organizational security plan must be established by individual enterprises and there should also be an increase of security budget. A reason for reluctant effort toward positive security plan is the perception that the security budget is not immediately linked to an increment of profit gain. Ensuring safety for overseas personnel is a fundamental obligation of an enterprise. Consultation and information exchange on security plan, and an emergency support system at a threat to security must be sought after and implemented. 4. Conclusion Today's terrorism varies widely depending on reasons and causes, and its means has become increasingly informationalized and scientific as well while its method is becoming more clandestine and violent. Terrorist organizations are increasingly aiming at enterprises for acquisition of budgets needed for their activities. Korean enterprises have extended their business realm to foreign countries since 1970, exposing themselves to terrorism. Enterprises and their employees, therefore, should establish their own security measures on the one hand while the government must provide general measures, on the other, for the protection of the life and property of Korean residents abroad from terrorist attacks. In this regard, set-up of a counter terrorist organization that coordinates the efforts of government authorities in various levels in planning and executing counter terrorist measures is desired. Since 1965, when the hostile North Korea began to step up its terrorist activities against South Koreans, there have been 7 different occasions of assassination attempt on South Korean presidents and some 500 cases of various kidnappings and attempted kidnappings. North Korea, nervous over the continued economic growth and social stabilization of South Korea, is now concentrating its efforts in the destruction and deterioration of the national power of South Korea for its earlier realization of reunification by force. The possibility of North Korean terrorism can be divided into external terrorist acts and internal terrorist acts depending on the nationality of the terrorists it uses. The external terrorist acts include those committed directly by North Korean agents in South Korea and abroad and those committed by dissident Koreans, hired Korean residents, or international professionals or independent international terrorists bought or instigated by North Korea. To protect the life and property of Korean enterprises and their employees abroad from the threat of terrorism, the government's administrative support and the organizational efforts of enterprises should necessarily be directed toward the planning of proper security measures and training of employees. Also, proper actions should be taken against possible terrorist acts toward Korean business employees abroad as long as there are ongoing hostilities from minority groups against their governments.

• 대한물리치료과학회지
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• 제6권4호
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• pp.263-274
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• 1999

The public health service center and its branch are, as one of public institution, responsible for providing non-profitable medical service to local residents, which can't be addressed by private medical institutes. In addition, as a planning coordinator, they need to manage local medical resources effectively to make sure local residents can be offered good-quality health service fairly and impartially. The purpose of this study was to highlight the importance of physical therapy in public health service center's successful role performance, one of treatment to which local residents had a direct access. For attaining the purpose, an investigation was made into the actual facilities of public health service center and its branches in North Cholla province, the extent of use of physicaltherapy room, and the general characteristics of physical therapists. And literatures concerned were referred to. As a result, the dominant opinion was that the current physicaltherapy room shoulder be more reinforced(38.9%) or that it should he kept as it was(46.5%). Besides, the physical therapists investigated still were serving in a poor working condition. To elevate the quality and quantity of medical service, the current way to employ expert personnels temporarily or not to guarantee the position of physiotherapists should be removed immediately. Instead, physicaltherapists should be employed as regular public official. As, in home-visit project, physiotherapist are expected to play a bigger role in rehabilitation care or the management of patients with chronic disease, the physicaltherapy room should be increased and more physicaltherapists should be provided to health service institutions.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제19권10호
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• pp.641-648
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• 2019

70여 년 동안 단절되었던 남한과 북한이 점점 가까워지고 있다. 이것은 오랫동안 북한 주민과 접촉을 원했던 남한의 기독교인들에게 매우 좋은 소식이다. 그러나 종교를 인정하지 않는 사회에서 살아온 북한 주민들에게 기독교가 접촉점을 찾는다는 것은 쉽지 않은 상황이다. 먼저 그들의 사상적 배경을 파악하고 기독교가 가진 기별과의 유사점을 찾아내며, 또한 유사한 상황에서 기독교를 접촉했던 사례를 성경에서 찾아보고 그것을 현재 남북한의 실정에 맞게 적절히 상황화하여 적용할 필요가 있다. 북한주민들의 사상적 배경은 공산주의의 기본 철학인 유물론과 그 유물론에 근거한 주체사상이다. 기독교는 영적인 것은 선하고 물질적인 것은 악하다는 세계관을 인정하지 않는다. 물질적 세계를 조물주의 중요한 창조물로 인식하는 점에서 기독교는 유물론적 사고와의 접촉점을 찾을 수 있다. 또한 유물론 사상과 기독교의 접촉사례는 초기 기독교 사회의 헬라철학과의 대화에서 찾을 수 있으며, 특히 비유대인 접촉의 선봉에 있었던 바울의 아테네인들과의 대화에서 구체적인 예를 볼 수 있다.

• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.129-145
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• 2016

This study focuses on the differences in family values, which is a cause of family dissolution and conflicts of marriage immigrant women. This study was conducted on 441 women in Vietnam. It was done to explore their family values. Specifically, the following were examined: the overall family values and martial status of Vietnamese women; differences in their family values by region (northern, central, southern). The survey questionnaire consists of the following content: 'family perception'; 'gender-role values'; 'elderly parent support value'. The characteristics of family values of Vietnamese women are as follows. First, the scope of family perceived by them was relatively narrow. In particular, most of them didn't perceive the parents of a spouse as a familymember. Second, in terms of gender-roles, they perceived men and women as equal and didn't have strong perception of traditional gender roles. Third, they felt strongly about supporting elderly parents. The perception of supporting elderly parents is based on equal gender roles, instead of the paternalistic approach. They preferred financial support to living with parents. There were also differences in family values by region. Also, their values seemed to be the opposite of the ones well-known by region. In addition, their values were changing amid economic growth and modernization. Residents in Can Tho in the south - known to have open-minded Southeast Asian values - had the most patrilineal, traditional values with strong perception towards supporting elderly parents. Residents in Hanoi in the north - known to have heavy influence of Confucian culture - had non-traditional values with positive attitude towards liberal sex culture, divorce, and remarriage. Residents in Da Nang, a central region, had a mixture of northern and southern characteristics in terms of family values.