• Journal of Life Science
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• v.27 no.9
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• pp.1052-1058
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• 2017

Gelidium amansii shows antioxidant and anti-obesity effects; however, the effect on postprandial blood glucose levels is not known. The objective of the present study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of Gelidium amansii extract (GAE) on carbohydrate-digesting enzymes and its ability to alleviate postprandial hyperglycemia in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic mice. Gelidium amansii was extracted with 80% ethanol and concentrated for use in this study. The ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ inhibition assays were performed using the colorimetric method. ICR normal and STZ-induced diabetic mice were orally administered GAE (300 mg/kg body weight) or acarbose (100 mg/kg body weight) alone or soluble starch (2 g/kg body weight). Blood samples were taken from the tail vein at 0, 30, 60 and 120 min. Our results indicated that GAE markedly inhibited ${\alpha}-glucosidase$ and ${\alpha}-amylase$ activities with $IC_{50}$ values of $0.099{\pm}0.009mg/ml$ and $0.178{\pm}0.038mg/ml$, respectively, and was a more effective inhibitor than acarbose, the positive control. Further, the postprandial blood glucose levels of STZ-induced diabetic mice in the GAE-administered group were significantly lower than those of control group mice (p<0.05). Moreover, the area under the curves (AUC) significantly decreased with GAE administration in STZ-induced diabetic mice (p<0.05). These results indicate that GAE may be effective in decreasing postprandial blood glucose levels by inhibiting carbohydrate-digesting enzymes such as ${\alpha}-amylase$ and ${\alpha}-glucosidase$. Therefore, GAE could be used as a potential functional food for alleviating postprandial hyperglycemia.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.231-239
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• 2014

Background and objective: Pravastatin has been shown to have favorable risk-benefit profile when it is administered to hypercholesterolemic subjects to prevent cardiovascular events. However, subjects with impaired OATP1B1 activity may be more susceptible to pravastatin-induced muscle toxicity than subjects with normal OATP1B1 activity. A systematic review was conducted to evaluate the effect of SLCO1B1 genetic polymorphism on pharmacokinetics of pravastatin. Method: Medline$^{(R)}$ and Embase$^{(R)}$ were searched for relevant studies until July 2013. The search terms used were pravastatin AND (SLCO1B1 OR OATP1B1 OR LST1 OR SLC21A6) AND (gene OR $genetic^*$ OR $genomic^*$ OR $pharmacogenet^*$ OR $pharmacogenom^*$ OR $polymorph^*$). Results: A meta-analysis of the area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) of pravastatin in $SLCO1B1^*15$ and $SLCO1B1^*1a/^*1a$ was conducted. Five studies met all the inclusion criteria and methodological requirements. There was no statistically significant difference in the AUC value between $SLCO1B1^*15$ and $SLCO1B1^*1a/^*1a$ (p=0.728). However, $SLCO1B1^*15$ participants exhibited significantly higher AUC values than $SLCO1B1^*1b/^*1b$ carriers (p<0.001). In case of $SLCO1B1^*15^*15$ carriers, they had significantly higher AUC value than $SLCO1B1^*1a/^*1a$ subjects (p=0.002). Lastly, compared with to the subjects of $SLCO1B1^*1a/^*1a$, the carriers of heterozygous $SLCO1B1^*15$ increased the AUC value of pravastatin statistically significantly in Asian population (p=0.014). Conclusion: The present meta-analysis suggests that subjects with $SLCO1B1^*15$ are associated with increased AUC of pravastatin.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.42 no.9
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• pp.1475-1481
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to determine the potential toxicity of gamma-irradiated Dakgalbi keeping in mind its future use as a space food. Dakgalbi was irradiated at a dose of 30 kGy at $-20^{\circ}C$. AIN-93G was used as a control diet in the animal study. Both irradiated and non-irradiated Dakgalbi diets were administered to two groups of ICR mice (ten male and ten female mice per group) for 3 months. During the experimental period, we observed that the mice fed the 30 kGy-irradiated Dakgalbi did not show any changes in appearance, behavior, mortality, body weight, organ weight, or food consumption compared to the control mice group. In addition, all biochemical parameters of these mice, including hematology profiles, erythrocyte counts, and serum biochemical values, remained in the normal range. The histopathological examinations of liver and kidney tissues showed no significant differences between the control group and the group fed the 30 kGy-irradiated Dakgalbi. These results indicate that Dakgalbi irradiated at 30 kGy did not cause any toxic effects in mice and therefore it can be considered as safe and hygienic space food.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.46 no.11
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• pp.1271-1277
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• 2017

As Kamisipjeondaebotang (KSD) extract is an herbal ingredient, safety is very important due to possible cell poisoning or heavy metal toxicity to organs when administered to humans or animals. Accordingly, this study examined the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of KSD extract to confirm its medicinal safety by using RAW 264.7 cells after heavy metal screening, functional index test of the liver and kidney, and cell survival rate test. Heavy metals were not found in KSD extracts or were less than standard amounts. Liver function indices such as aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase revealed low values and kidney function indices such as creatinine and blood urea nitrogen were not significantly different from the normal group. This proved the safety to the human. RAW 264.7 cells showed no poisoning compared to the control group in terms of survival rate. Regarding the antioxidant effect of KSD extract, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazo-line-6-sulphonic acid) radical scavenging activity increased at concentrations over $10{\mu}g/mL$. The anti-inflammatory effect of KSD extract significantly decreased based on the amount of nitric oxide at concentrations of 10 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ compared to the control group. Expression of interleukin (IL)-$1{\beta}$ and IL-6 decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. There was no significant difference in tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ level. Based on the results, KSD can be regarded as a safe antioxidant with anti-inflammatory effects for fracture treatment.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.22 no.7
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• pp.978-984
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• 2018

Structural equation modeling is pointing to statistical procedures that simultaneously perform path analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. Today, this statistical procedure is an essential tool for researchers in the social sciences. There are as AMOS, LISREL and PLS representative tools that can perform structural equation modeling analysis. AMOS provides a convenient graphical user interface for beginners to use. PLS has the advantage of not having a constraint on normal distribution as well as a graphical user interface. Therefore, we compared and analyzed the three most commonly used tools (applications) in social sciences. Based on structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis was performed using the IBM AMOS Ver. 23, the LISREL 8.70 and the SmartPLS 2.0. The comparative results show that LISREL has the highest explanatory power of dependent variables than other analytical tools. The path coefficients and T-values presented by the analysis results showed similar results for all three analysis tools. This study suggests practical and theoretical implications based on the results.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2002

This research was conducted to develop a method to remove the effect of surface temperature of Shingo pears for sugar content measurement. Sugar content was measured by a near-infrared spectrum analysis technique. Reflected spectrum and sugar content of a pear were used for developing regression models. For the model development, reflected spectrums having wavelengths in the range of 654 to 1,052nm were used. To remove the effect of surface temperature, special sample preparation techniques and partial least square (PLS) regression models were proposed and tested. 71 Shingo pears stored in a cold storage, which had 2$^{\circ}C$ inside temperature, were taken out and left in a room temperature for a while. Temperature and reflected spectrum of each pear was measured. To increase the temperature distribution of samples, temperature and reflected spectrum of each pear was measured four times with one hour twenty minutes interval. During the experiment, temperature of pears increased up to 17 $^{\circ}C$. The total number of measured spectrum was 284. Three groups of spectrum data were formed according to temperature distribution. First group had surface temperature of 14$^{\circ}C$ and total number of 51. Second group consisted of the first and the fourth experiment data which contained the minimum and the maximum temperatures. Third group consisted of 155 data with normal temperature-distribution. The rest data set were used for model evaluation. Results shelved that PLS model I, which was developed by using the first data group, was inadequate for measuring sugar content of pears which had different surface temperatures from 14$^{\circ}C$. After temperature compensation, sugar content predictions became close to the measured values. Since using many data which had wide range of surface temperatures, PLS model II and III were able to predict sugar content of pears without additional temperature compensation. PLS model IV, which included the surface temperatures as an independent variable. showed slightly improved performance(R$^2$=0.73). Performance of the model could be enhanced by using samples with more wide range of temperatures and sugar contents.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2012.10a
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• pp.119-120
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• 2012

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) developed S-100 standards as a framework for a variety of data and service for hydrography and a standard research is in process, including a next-generation electronic chart standard, for products and services based on this.The need for standard storage and utilization of navigation routes generated by ECDIS and navigation system using navigation planning features has emerged and a standard research based on S-100 standard has been performed. Route information standard is needed for interoperability among route information generated by a variety of navigation system and requires an examination for the possibility of applicability. In this research, route generation tools and standard-based generation and result of route information using these tools in order to examine the application of route information standards have been executed.In details, first, as a module capable of generating route information, a module that can store values in memory based on route information standards of S-100, second, a module that can store route information in the memory in XML form, third, it includes loading module for route information stored as XML.In this research, we verified normal generation of route information, storage of generated route information and loading functions through developing three modules.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.4237-4244
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• 2015

This study examined the efflorescence characteristics of a concrete sidewalk block manufactured using recycled stone powder sludge and photocatalytic generated by surface polishing during the sidewalk block manufacturing process. The study evaluated the characteristics of the sidewalk block in terms of its quality, based on the amount of stone powder sludge used, efflorescence, and further based on the mixing ratio and number of applications of the photocatalytic. The experimental results indicated that heavy metals such as lead, hexavalent chrome, cadmium, and mercury were not present in the concrete sidewalk block, thereby confirming the effectiveness of the recycled stone powder sludge. The optimum mixing ratio of used in the concrete sidewalk block (for satisfying KS standard values such as water absorption ratio and flexural strength) was found to be 20%. The concrete sidewalk block incorporating the stone powder sludge and photocatalytic exhibited a water absorption ratio of 5.4% and flexural strength of 5.2 MPa, thereby satisfying the quality standards. Additionally, when the photocatalytic was used, efflorescence did not occur even at the low temperature of $-5^{\circ}C$, and the by the sidewalk block was found to be 70% under normal conditions and 68% when subjected to an accelerated weathering test.

• Journal of the Institute of Convergence Signal Processing
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.289-297
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• 2010

In this paper, A method to prevent the external acoustic noise from being misrecognized as the speech recognition object is presented in the speech activity detection process for the speech recognition. Also this paper confirmed besides the acoustic energy to the lip movement image signals. First of all, the successive images are obtained through the image camera for personal computer and the lip movement whether or not is discriminated. The next, the lip movement image signal data is stored in the shared memory and shares with the speech recognition process. In the mean time, the acoustic energy whether or not by the utterance of a speaker is verified by confirming data stored in the shared memory in the speech activity detection process which is the preprocess phase of the speech recognition. Finally, as a experimental result of linking the speech recognition processor and the image processor, it is confirmed to be normal progression to the output of the speech recognition result if face to the image camera and speak. On the other hand, it is confirmed not to the output the result of the speech recognition if does not face to the image camera and speak. Also, the initial feature values under off-line are replaced by them. Similarly, the initial template image captured while off-line is replaced with a template image captured under on-line, so the discrimination of the lip movement image tracking is raised. An image processing test bed was implemented to confirm the lip movement image tracking process visually and to analyze the related parameters on a real-time basis. As a result of linking the speech and image processing system, the interworking rate shows 99.3% in the various illumination environments.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.59 no.4
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• pp.462-466
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• 2010

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety of a wire connector fabricated for the effective installation of a lighting fixture including its contact resistance, insulation resistance, withstanding voltage characteristics, etc., and to provide the basis for the analysis and judgment of PL(Product Liability) dispute by presenting a damage pattern due to a general flame and overcurrent. This study applied the Korean Standard (KS) for the incombustibility test of the connector using a general flame and performed an overcurrent characteristics test of the connector using PCITS (Primary Current Injection Test System). The contact resistance of the housing connector was measured using a high resistance meter and the insulation resistance was measured using a multimeter. In addition, a supply voltage of AC 1,500V for testing the withstanding voltage characteristics was applied to both ends of the connector. Measurement was performed on 5 specimens and the measured values were used as a basis for judgment. Since the connector is fabricated in the form of a housing, it can be connected and separated easily and has a structure that allows no foreign material to enter. In addition, since it has a structure that allows wires to be connected only when their polarity is identical, any misconnection that may occur during installation can be prevented. When the incombustibility test was performed by applying a general flame to the connector, it showed outstanding incombustibility characteristics and the blade and blade holder connected to the housing remained firmly secured even after the insulation sheath (PVC) was completely destroyed by fire. In addition, the mechanism of the damaged connecting wire showed a comparatively uniform carbonization pattern and it was found that some residual melted insulation material was attached to both ends. In the accelerated life test (ALT) to which approximately 500% of the rated current was applied, the connector damage proceeded in the order of white smoke generation, wire separation, spark occurrence and carbonization. That is, it could be seen that the connector damaged by overcurrent lost its own metallic color with traces of discoloration and carbonization. The contact resistance of the connector at a normal state was 2.164mV/A on average. The contact resistance measured after the high temperature test was 3.258mV/A. In addition, the insulation resistance after the temperature test was completed was greater than $10G\Omega$ and the withstanding voltage test result showed that no insulation breakdown occurred to all specimens showing stable withstanding voltage and insulation resistance characteristics.