• Molecules and Cells
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.134-139
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• 2018

Here, we report isolation of multiple long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) expressed tissue-specifically during murine embryogenesis. One of these, subsequently came to be known as Redrum, is expressed in erythropoietic cells in fetal liver and adult bone marrow. Redrum transcription is also detected during pregnancy in the spleen where extramedullary hematopoiesis takes place. In order to examine the function of Redrum in vivo, we generated a gene-targeted murine model and analyzed its embryonic and adult erythropoiesis. The homozygous mutant embryo showed no apparent deficiency or defect in erythropoiesis. Adult erythropoiesis in bone marrow and in the spleen during pregnancy likewise showed no detectable phenotype as red blood cells matured in normal fashion. The phenotype is in contrast to the reported function of Redrum in vitro, and our observation implies that Redrum plays in vivo an accessory or supplementary role whose loss is compatible with normal erythropoiesis.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 1968

Changes in gastrointestinal tissue blood volume induced by variations of venous pressure between 6 and 40 mmHg were studied in 32 rabbits. Venous pressure lowering was produced by withdrawal of appropriate volume of blood and venous pressure elevation was obtained by partial occlusion of intra-thoracic vena cava inferior. Estimation of regional tissue blood volume was performed by means of regional distribution of injected $Cr^{51}-labeled$ red blood cells. The following results were obtained. 1. At the normal control venous pressure value of 18 mmHg, spleen showed the highest value of tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis, namely, $111{\mu}l/gm$, Liver tissue blood volume was $95\;{\mu}l/gm$, small intestine 24 and stomach $21\;{\mu}l/gm$, respectively. 2. Linear relationships were observed between venous pressure change and gastrointestinal tissue blood volume. The coefficients of correlation were: in spleen r=0.723; in liver r=0.791; in stomach r=0.704, respectively. In small intestine the relationship was less clear and r=0.358. Tissue blood volume of extrabdominal tissue, such as M. gastrocnemius was not influenced by venous pressure change. 3. The highest change in tissue blood volume expressed on weight basis was observed in spleen. The liver tissue showed the next highest change. Change in total tissue blood volume, however, was greatest in liver and next greatest in small intestine. This was interpreted by the fact that total weight of these two organs was much greater than that of spleen. 4. The mechanism that the change in tissue blood volume lies in the venous system which has a great compliance was discussed.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.3 no.6
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• pp.539-546
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• 1999

Bone is a complex tissue in which resorption and formation continue throughout life. The bone tissue contains various types of cells, of which the bone forming osteoblasts and bone resorbing osteoclasts are mainly responsible for bone remodeling. Periodontal disease represents example of abnormal bone remodeling. Osteoclasts are multinucleated cells present only in bone. It is believed that osteoclast progenitors are hematopoietic origin, and they are recruited from hematopoietic tissues such as bone marrow and circulating blood to bone. Cells present in the osteoclast microenvironment include marrow stromal cells, osteoblasts, macrophages, T-lymphocytes, and marrow cells. These cells produce cytokines that can affect osteoclast formation. In vitro model systems using bone marrow cultures have demonstrated that $IL-l{\beta},\;IL-3,\;TNF-{\alpha},$ bFGF can stimulate the formation of osteoclasts. In contrast, IL-4 inhibits osteoclast formation. Knowledge of cytokines and bFGF that affect osteoclast formation and their capacity to modulate the bone-resorbing process should provide critical insights into normal calcium homeostasis and disorders of bone turnover such as periodontal disease, osteoporosis and Paget's disease.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.16 no.10
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• pp.4329-4333
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• 2015

Background: To investigate the change of frequency and immuno-inhibitory function of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) after treatment of cisplatin (DDP) in A375 human melanoma model. Materials and Methods: BALB/c nude mice were inoculated with A375 cells to establish the human melanoma model and randomly divided into control group given normal saline (NS) and experimental group treated with DDP (5 mg/kg). The percentages of MDSCs in the tumor tissue and peripheral blood after DDP treatment were detected by flow cytometry. The proliferation and interferon-${\gamma}$ (IFN-${\gamma}$) secretion of T cells co-cultured with MDSCs were analyzed through carboxyfluorescein succinimidyl ester (CFSE) labeling assay and enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) assay, respectively. Results: In A375 human melanoma model, DDP treatment could significantly decrease the percentage of MDSCs in the tumor tissue, but exerted no effect on the level of MDSCs in peripheral blood. Moreover, DDP treatment could attenuate the immuno-inhibitory function of MDSCs. T cells co-cultured with DDP-treated MDSCs could dramatically elevate the proliferation and production of INF-${\gamma}$. Conclusions: DDP can decrease the frequency and attenuate immuno-inhibitory function of MDSCs in A375 melanoma model, suggesting a potential strategy to augment the efficacy of combined immunotherapy.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2000

Somatic hybrids were produced by electrofusion between embryogenic callus protoplasts of 'Syougun' mandarin and leaf protoplasts of grapefruit. Hybridity of the two plants was confirmed by leaf morphological characteristics and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. The cpDNA analysis using PCR-RFLP could not distinguish those of both parents. These plants showed normal growth and had chromosome number of 27. These unexpected triploid somatic hybrids might be derived from fused cells between diaploid protoplast of embryogenic calli and diploid protoplast of leaf, because polysomaty, a mixture of haploid cells and diploid cells was observed in the lactose medium-pretreated embryogenic calli of 'Syougun' by flow cytomehy analysis.

• The Journal of the Korean Society for Microbiology
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.145-149
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• 1986

The development of delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction to Staphylococcus aureus in mice was studied, Mice received 3 injections of $10^8$ viable S. aureus subcutaneously showed a marked footpad swelling when mice were challenged with $10\;{\mu}g$ staphylococcal protein antigen into footpad(The percent increase of footpad thickness at 24 h after challenge wsa 35% approximately). Histological observation of footpad of immunized mice showed a marked thickness of subcutaneous tissue due to edematous reaction and massive infiltration of lymphocytes and neutrophils which are characteristic cells in DTH reaction. Intensity of DTH reaction of mice immunized with viable bacteria was much higher than that of mice immunized with staphylococcal protein or heat-killed bacteria. The DTH reaction to S. aureus could be transferred to normal recipient mice by both spleen cells and lymph node cells.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Toxicology Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.142-142
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• 2003

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-${\beta}$, a hormonally active polypeptide found in normal and transformed tissue, is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we examined the effect of TGF-${\beta}$ on invasion and motility of MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. TGF-${\beta}$ induced migration and invasive phenotype of the parental MCF10A cells in a dose-dependent manner.(omitted)

• Journal of Photoscience
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.33-36
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• 2002

This study describes RT-PCR and in situ hybridisation protocols, and the immunohistochemical detection method that we have developed to detect and localise cells that express HO-1 in the skin. We found that HO-1 mRNA was absent in normal mouse skin, but after UVA irradiation HO-1 mRNA was expressed in the dermal fibroblasts, and strongly in basal epidermal cells. HO-1 protein was also induced strongly in dermal fibroblasts, and also in epidermal cells. In addition, the HO substrate heme was reduced in skin microsome at 72 hrs post UVA (when HO activity is high). At the same time, the HO products bilirubin and iron levels were elevated in the cutaneous tissue. Thus in addition to a dermal response, there appears to be an epidermal HO response to UVA in vivo that may be relevant for immune modulation by UVA radiation.

• BMB Reports
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• v.54 no.7
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• pp.344-355
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• 2021

Mucins are high molecular-weight epithelial glycoproteins and are implicated in many physiological processes, including epithelial cell protection, signaling transduction, and tissue homeostasis. Abnormality of mucus expression and structure contributes to biological properties related to human cancer progression. Tumor growth sites induce inhospitable conditions. Many kinds of research suggest that mucins provide a microenvironment to avoid hypoxia, acidic, and other biological conditions that promote cancer progression. Given that the mucus layer captures growth factors or cytokines, we propose that mucin helps to ameliorate inhospitable conditions in tumor-growing sites. Additionally, the composition and structure of mucins enable them to mimic the surface of normal epithelial cells, allowing tumor cells to escape from immune surveillance. Indeed, human cancers such as mucinous carcinoma, show a higher incidence of invasion to adjacent organs and lymph node metastasis than do non-mucinous carcinoma. In this mini-review, we discuss how mucin provides a tumor-friendly environment and contributes to increased cancer malignancy in mucinous carcinoma.

• Proceedings of the PSK Conference
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• 2003.10b
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• pp.165.1-165.1
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• 2003

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-$\beta$, a hormonally active polypeptide found in normal and transformed tissue, is a potent regulator of cell growth and differentiation. In this study, we examined the effect of TGF-$\beta$ on invasion and motility of MCF10A human breast epithelial cells. TGF-$\beta$-induced migration and invasive phenotype of the parental MCF10A cells in a dose-dependent manner. Activity of MMP-2 promoter was increased by TGF-b, suggesting that the TGF-$\beta$-induced invasive phenotype may possibly be mediated by MMP-2 rather than MMP-9. (omitted)