• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.596-602
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• 2011

The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of onion and acanthopanax senticosus on body weight change, serum total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, total lipid, phospholipid level, renal and liver function test, and CBC in obese rats and mice. Obese rats induced by high-fat fed are medicated for 7 weeks. Rats are divided into four groups depending on the medication; normal group (general-fat fed and no-medication), control group (high-fat fed and no medication), sample A group (high-fat fed and onion 100% extracted medication), sample B group (high-fat fed and onion 50% & acanthopanax senticosus 50% extracted medication), sample C group (high-fat fed and red onion 50% & acanthopanax senticosus 50% extracted medication). After medication, obesity related index, renal and liver function test, and CBC are analysed. There are significant statistical differences among control group and all experimental groups for the body weight change. There are significant statistical differences among control groups and all experimental groups for the total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, triglyceride level, free fatty acid, and phospholipid level. These results suggest that medications of onion and acanthopanax senticosus extracted products are effective for the treatment of obesity. Especially, onion 100% extracted product is more effective than the others.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1998.11a
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• pp.198-198
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• 1998

Muc1 mucin is found in a variety of epithelial tissue and is overexpressed in several epithelial cancer. Recently it is alsol reported that primary Hamster tracheal surface epithelial(HTSE) cells express Muc1 protein and cDNA encoding HTSE muc1 protein has been cloned. Although numerous monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) to human muncins, particularly Muc1 have been produced, no such antibodies to murine Muc1 have been described. We now describe monoclonal antibody, called mAb M1CT, produced to C-terminal region of HTSE Muc1 protein by immunising mice with a glutathion-s-transferase linked fusion protein. In this study, using this antibody(mAb M1CT) we investigated the effect of RA on the expression of Muc1 in HTSE cells. Retinoic acid(RA) plays an essential role in maintaining normal differentiation of tracheal epithelial cells. With RA-deficiency tracheocytes undergo squamous metaplasia, an abnormal differentiation that can be reversed by RA. We had primary culture of HTSE cells under different concentrations of RA. Culture was maintained until the direction of differentiation was determined. Then Western blot analysis with mAb M1CT was performed with the cell lysates from the culture. The expression of Muc1 protein was decreased in dose-dependent manner as the concentration of retinoic acid was decreased. Our result indicates that the expression of Muc1 protein is coordinately regulated with airway mucous cell differentiation by RA pathway. And the antibody, mAb M1CT, produced in this study should provide useful tool to study the expression of Muc1 mucin in differentiation process or disease.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.407-417
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• 1993

Bupleurum falcatum has been used for treatment of inflammation, jaundice, influenza and hepatitis as a traditional orient folk medicine. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of B falcatum extract on cellular immune responses in vivo and in vitro. Antigen binding cell(ABC) assay, antibody production, Arthus and delayed-type hypersensitivity(DTH) reaction against sheep erythrocytes(SRBC) were very depressed in B falcatum extract treated group in vivo. The growth of Staphylococcus aureus in brain heart infusion(BHI) broth containing B falcatum extract was remarkably inhibited. Otherwise, that of Salmonella typhyimurium was not significantly increased in vitro. When B falcatum extract pretreated mice were intraperitoneally(IP) injected S typhimurium and S aureus, respectively, the number of bacteria in peritoneal exudates were time dependent declination compared with those of control, and the weight of spleen and the number of macrophage migration into peritoneal cavity have no difference from those of untreated control. B falcatum extract gradually increased phagocytic activities of peritoneal macrophage against Candida albicans time and dose dependently, and was not significant production of migration inhibiotory factor(MIF). But migration abilities of normal leucocytes in B falcatum extract pretreated group were decreased dose dependently. When B falcatum extract was IP administered, these data indicate that B falcatum extract increases level of serum coticosterone. Therefore, B falcatum extract was indirectly mediated in immune system by serum coticosterone having relation to immunosuppression. These results lead to the conclusion that B falcatum extract acts as a trigger or regulator of cellular immune responses in immune system.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.151-155
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• 1998

Background and Objectives: Numerous studies were conducted to develop radiosensitizers to increase antitumor effect and decrease systemic toxicity of ionizing radiation. In current study, the authors tested the synergistic effect of mutant $TNF-{\alpha}(M_3S)$ with radiation therapy on heterotransplanted hypoparyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Materials and Method: SNU-1041 cell line was heterotransplanted to nude mice. When the tumors grew up to $70mm^3$ or more, the animals were randomly placed into 4 groups(n=10/group). Group I : 0.1ml of normal saline injected intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days. Group II : 10ug of $TNF-{\alpha}$ injected intraperitoneally once a day for 5 days. Group III : a single radiation dose of 10 Gy per animal delivered. Group IV : single radiation dose of 10 Gy was delivered 1 hour after intraperitoneal injection of $TNF-{\alpha}$ 10 ug. Results: Four weeks after treatment, group IV showed the least tumor growth during the 4 weeks follow up and the relative tumor growth rate(RTG) of each groups after 4 weeks were 31, 5.8, 10, and 3.2 respectively(p<0.05). Conclusion: These study suggests that pretreatment with $TNF-{\alpha}$ can significantly enhance the effects of radiation therapy and further studies may be needed for clinical trials of combination treatment of $TNF-{\alpha}$ and radiation.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.20 no.1 s.37
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

Dansam, the root of Salvia miltiorrhiza BGE. (Labiatae), has a bitter and a slightly 'cold' property. and is nontoxic. It has been used for the treatment of diseases such as tumors, bruises, gynecologic diseases, menoxenia, anemia and so forth. As an oriental medicine pathway, anal therapy has many kinds of treatments, Retention enema is one the most useful, advantageous methods of anal therapy. This experiment was performed in order to study the effect of an aqueous extract of Salviae radix root(SRRAE) on Immediate type allergic reaction by Retention enema. The results were obtained as follows, 1. SRRAE inhibited compound 48/80-induced Immediate type allergic reaction 100% with the dose of 0.1g/kg by anal treatment. However, SRRAE showed no significant inhibitory effect on the same reaction by oral treatment. When mice were pretreated with SRRAE at a concentration ranging from 0.001 to 1.0g/kg, by intra-anal treatment, the serum histamine levels were reduced in a dose-dependent manner. 2. SRRAE also inhibited by 79.8% local cutaneous allergic reaction activated by anti-dinitrophenyl (DNP) IgE. 3. SRRAE close-dependently inhibited the histamine release from rat peritoneal mast cells(RPMC) by anti-DNP IgE., but SRRAE not inhibited compound 48/80-induced histamine release. 4. SRRAE dose-dependently inhibited tumor necrosis $factor-\;{\alpha}$ $(TNF-\;{\alpha}$) production from RPMC by anti-DNP IgE. Moreover, the level of cAMP in RPMC, when SRRAE was added, significantly increased compared with that of a normal control. According to the above results, anal therapy(Retention enema) of SRRAE may be beneficial in the treatment of systemic and local Immediate type allergic reactions.

• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.115-124
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• 2011

Objective : Membranous nephropathy(MN) is one of the most common causes of nephrotic syndrome in adults. MN has been defined as granular subepithelial deposition of IgG immune complexes along the glomerular basement membrane(GBM). However, there is not a satisfactory treatment for MN. We aimed to identify the effect of Impatiens balsamina Linne(IBL) treatment on cationic bovine serum albumin(cBSA)-induced MN in a mouse model. Methods : Mice were divided into 4 groups. The normal group was injected with saline. The Control group was treated with cBSA(50 mg/kg i.p) only. The third group IBL-100, was treated with cBSA(50 mg/kg, i.p) and IBL(100 mg/kg, p.o). The fourth group IBL-400, was treated with cBSA(50 mg/kg, i.p) and IBL (400 mg/kg, p.o). After cBSA and IBL treatment for 6 weeks, we measured change of body weight, proteinuria, serum albumin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, BUN, creatinine, IgA, IgM, IgG, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-$1{\beta}$ levels. The morphologic changes of renal glomeruli were also observed with a light microscope. Results : The level of proteinuria significantly decreased and serum albumin increased in groups treated with cBSA and IBL extract compared with the control. The levels of serum triglyceride, BUN, IgG, TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-$1{\beta}$ significantly decreased in both IBL groups. In histological findings of kidney tissue, thickening of GBM decreased in both IBL groups. Conclusions : This study shows that IBL might be effective for treatment of acute stage MN. More clinical data and studies are to be done for efficient application.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.1-16
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• 2012

In order to study the effect of CPS in the treatment of atopic dermatitis (AD), its role on various immune related cytokines were tested. Levels of liver and kidney function markers such as ALT, AST, BUN in NC/Nga mice were all normal indicating no toxicity in CPS treated group. Significant recovery from AD could be observed in CPS treated group through naked eye observation. Dermatitis index was significantly decreased after 11, 12, and 13 weeks of treatment. CD4+, CD8+, CD3+ /CD69+ immune cell ratio in DLN were decreased significantly by 37.2%, 49%, 20.8% in CPS treated group. CD4+ and CD11b+ /Gr-1+ immune cell ratio in dorsal skin were decreased significantly by 50.8% and 59.2% in CPS treated group. Expression of IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-13 and TNF-${\alpha}$ in spleen were decreased by 78.8%, 97.8%, 64.7%, 73.6%, and 68.4%, respectively in CPS treated group. The results above strongly indicated the significant immune modulatory effect of CPS and thus clinical application of CPS on AD treatment.

• Macromolecular Research
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.99-103
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• 2009

We evaluated the efficacy of pH-sensitive micelles, formed by methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-b-poly($\beta$)-amino ester) (PEG-PAE), as carriers for paclitaxel (PIX), a drug currently used to treat various cancers. PTX was successful encapsulated by a film hydration method. Micelles encapsulated more than 70% of the PTX and the size of the PTX-encapsulated micelles (PTX-PM) was less than 150 nm. In vitro experiments indicated that the micelles were unstable below pH 6.5. After encapsulation of PTX within the micelles, dynamic light scattering (DLS) studies indicated that low pH had a similar demicellization effect. An in vitro release study indicated that PTX was slowly released at pH 7.4 (normal body conditions) but rapidly released under weakly acidic conditions (pH 6.0). We demonstrated the safety of micelles from in vitro cytotoxicity tests on HeLa cells and the in vivo anti-tumor activity of PTX-PM in B16F 10 tumor-bearing mice. We concluded that these pH-sensitive micelles have potential as carriers for anti-cancer drugs.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.38 no.11
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• pp.925-935
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• 2015

DNA methylation is a well-characterized epigenetic modification that plays central roles in mammalian development, genomic imprinting, X-chromosome inactivation and silencing of retrotransposon elements. Aberrant DNA methylation pattern is a characteristic feature of cancers and associated with abnormal expression of oncogenes, tumor suppressor genes or repair genes. Ten-eleven-translocation (TET) proteins are recently characterized dioxygenases that catalyze progressive oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to produce 5-hydroxymethylcytosine and further oxidized derivatives. These oxidized methylcytosines not only potentiate DNA demethylation but also behave as independent epigenetic modifications per se. The expression or activity of TET proteins and DNA hydroxymethylation are highly dysregulated in a wide range of cancers including hematologic and non-hematologic malignancies, and accumulating evidence points TET proteins as a novel tumor suppressor in cancers. Here we review DNA demethylation-dependent and -independent functions of TET proteins. We also describe diverse TET loss-of-function mutations that are recurrently found in myeloid and lymphoid malignancies and their potential roles in hematopoietic transformation. We discuss consequences of the deficiency of individual Tet genes and potential compensation between different Tet members in mice. Possible mechanisms underlying facilitated oncogenic transformation of TET-deficient hematopoietic cells are also described. Lastly, we address non-mutational mechanisms that lead to suppression or inactivation of TET proteins in cancers. Strategies to restore normal 5mC oxidation status in cancers by targeting TET proteins may provide new avenues to expedite the development of promising anti-cancer agents.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.19-35
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• 2010

Objectives: This study was carried out to find the effects of Changchuldoin-tanggamibang (hereinafter referred to CDIT) on the inhibition of arthritis induced by collagen on DBA/1J mouse. Methods: The experimental mice were divided into four groups: normal group (Nr), control group (CIA-CT), methotrexate group (CIA-MTX), and Changchuldoin-tanggamibang group (CIA-CDIT). Cytotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, arthritis index, value of immunocytes in draining lymph node and paw joint, and rheumatoid factor (IgG, IgM) in serum were measured in vivo. Results: 1. Cytotoxicity against hFCs was not shown in any concentration. 2. Hepatotoxicity was low in the CDIT-treated group compared with the MTX group. 3. The arthritis index decreased significantly. 4. In total cell counts of DLN and paw joint, the cells in DLN increased significantly while there was a significant decrease in paw joint. 5. In lymph nodes, CD19+, CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD3+/CD8+, CD3+/CD69+, CD4+/CD25+, CD3+/CD49b+, and CD4+/CD44+ cells increased significantly, while B220+/CD23+, and CD11c+/MHCII+ cells decreased significantly. 6. In joints, CD3+, CD4+, CD4+/CD25+, and CD11b+/Gr-1+ cells decreased significantly. 7. The level of IgG decreased and the level of IgM significantly decreased compared with the control. 8. Anti-collagen II in serum decreased compared with the control. 9. Around the joint of the CDIT group, infiltration of inflammation, synovial hyperplasia, invasion of cytokine, of cartilage, deposition of collagen and synovial injury decreased compared with the control in histopathologic observation (HE, MT staining). Conclusions: Comparison of the results for this study showed that CDIT had immunomodulatory effects. We expect that CDIT could be used as a effective drug for not only rheumatoid arthritis but also another auto-immune diseases. Therefore, we have to survey continuously, looking for effective substances and mechanisms in the future.