• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.7 no.6
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• pp.762-768
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• 2002

This study was conducted to evaluate the health status of elderly women who attended in a Health Promotion Program of the Seo-gu Health Center in Daegu. The study subjects were 158 elderly women (over 65 years) in an urban community. The subjects were investigated by means of individual interviews using a questionnaire, Blood tests for analyzing their biochemical status were carried out. The average age of the study subjects was 70.9 $\pm$ 2.3 years. Of the subject group 79.1% ranged in age from 65 to 74 year and 20.9% were over 75 years. With respect to health related factors, 23.4% of subjects drank alcoholic beverages and 15.2% of subjects currently smoke.The prevalence with chronic diseases was 51.9%, and 26.6% of the subjects were healthy. The diseases most frequently reported as having been or being treated were arthritis (38.1%), hypertension (21.4%), and diabetes (17.9%). The average height of subjects was below the standard established in the Korean Recommended Dietary Allowances, while the average weight was close to the standard. The means of systolic and diastolic blood pressure were 130.2 mmHg and 71.9 mmHg, respectively. The mean serum albumin level was 4.5 mg/d$\ell$ and the value of hemoglobin and hematocrit was 12.5 mg/d$\ell$ and 0.7%, respectively. The mean serum cholesterol level was 207.1 mg/d$\ell$ and the mean triglyceride level was 187.7 mg/d$\ell$. The serum lipid levels were higher then in those reported in research. The serum cholesterol levels of 71.5% of subjects were within the normal range. The GOT and GTP levels were within the moderate range. In conclusion, the health status of the elderly who attended the Health Promotion Program in the Seo-gu Health Center were very average. However, it was necessary to prepare a health management program to deal with the serum lipids so as to establish and maintain good health. When we carry out the health promotion program in a community, individual program Of adequate to health status should be developed more.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.394-404
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• 2020

Purpose: This study was carried out to examine the applied effects of an oriental nursing intervention program on the physical health status, activities of daily living (ADL), depression, life satisfaction, and Yangseng of the elderly living in the community. Methods: This was a quasi-experimental study using a non-equivalent control group pretest-posttest. Study participants were total 79 elderly (experimental: n=39, control: n=40) who aged 65 or over with normal cognitive status and available communication in D community, Seoul, South Korea. They were recruited by convenient sampling, and assigned randomly. The oriental nursing intervention program composed Pal-Dan-Gum as Qi-gong therapy and Kyunglak exercise. This program consisted of 20 sessions total for 10 weeks. Measures were CMI(Cornell Medical Index), Instrumental ADL (Activities of Daily Living), GDS(Geriatric Depression Scale), geriatric life satisfaction scale, and Yangseng scale. Data were analyzed by SPSS WIN21.0 using descriptive statistics, x²-test, and independent t-test. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the mean scores of physical health status (t=10.295, p<.001), ADL (t=7.571, p<.001), depression (t=-15.434, p<.001), life satisfaction (t=21.257, p<.001), and Yangseng (t=9.527, p<.001) between intervention and control groups. Conclusions: Oriental nursing intervention program was effective for improving the physical health status, ADL, depression, life satisfaction, and Yangseang of the elderly living in the community. This intervention program can be implied for health promotion of elderly living in the community.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.12
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• pp.254-263
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• 2017

This study was conducted to identify the relationship between negative emotion and obesity and provide adequate information to enable effective nursing intervention in elderly. Participants were 216 elderly who had been attending two geriatric welfare facilities in Chungbuk. The data were collected between 14 and 30 August, 2017 with a structured questionnaire and body measurement. The questionnaires were CES-D, RULS, BPS and collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-tests, ${\chi}^2-test$, Fisher' exact tests, Pearson's correlation, and logistic regression with SPSS/WIN 22.0. The mean BMI of participants was $23.59{\pm}3.48$ and the prevalence of obesity was 31.9%. Significant differences were observed in age (${\chi}^2=8.16$, p=.003), gender (${\chi}^2=9.27$, p=.002), smoking (${\chi}^2=7.78$, p=.004), depression (t=2.54, p=.012) and social isolation (t=2.98, p=.003) between the normal and obesity groups. Depression (OR,1.04; 95% CI, 1.00-1.09) and social isolation (OR, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.02-1.11) was associated with an increased risk obesity. Therefore, it was necessary to measure and quantify the depression and social isolation for weight management among the elderly. Moreover, it is necessary to develop health promotion programs and nursing intervention, including the need for physical, mental, and social relationships.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.441-450
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• 2006

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to identify variables related to self-care behavior and to find factors related to the control of hypertension. A cross-sectional study was carried out to provide basic data for effective and continuous hypertension control in the low-income elderly. Methods: This study was performed with a total of 189 subjects who were hypertensive and were receiving pharmacological treatment of hypertension from a community health center in D Metropolitan City. Data were collected through a face to face survey, and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (the mean value of the two measures) were measured during May 2004. Obtained data were analyzed by $x^2$ test, t-test, multiple logistic regression and Pearson's correlation coefficient (using SPSS Version 10.1). Results: 1. According to demographical characteristics, the score of self-care behavior was significantly higher in elders living along ($47.63{\pm}7.276$) than in those living with the family ($45.19{\pm}5.501$) (p<.05), and in those with religion ($47.11{\pm}6.722$) than in those without religion ($45.01{\pm}6.110$) (p<.05) 2. As to blood pressure control, the percentage of blood pressure control within the normal range (systolic 140mmHg, diastolic below 90mmHg) was 37.03%. According to demographical characteristics, the percentage of blood pressure control was significantly lower in those without religion (p<.05). In practicing hypertension self-care behavior, those who do not control salk intake showed a significantly lower percentage of hypertension control (p<.05). The score of hypertension self-care was $48.28{\pm}4.443$ in the controlled group, and $45.42{\pm}7.399$ in the uncontrolled group, showing a significant difference (p<.01). 3. Hypertension self-care behavior was in a positive correlation with blood pressure control (r=.210, p<.05). Conclusion: Attention should be paid to self-care behavior to increase the control of hypertension in the low-income elderly. These results can be used guidances for improving self-care behavior and the control of hypertension in the low-income elderly.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.525-534
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• 2019

Objectives: Reduced glucose utilization in the main parts of the brain involved in memory is a major cause of Alzheimer's disease, in which ketone bodies are used as the only and effective alternative energy source of glucose. This study examined the effects of a low-carbohydrate and high-fat (LCHF) diet supplemented with a ketogenic nutrition drink on cognitive function and physical activity in the elderly at high risk for dementia. Methods: The participants of this study were 28 healthy elderly aged 60-91 years showing a high risk factor of dementia or whose Korean Mini-Mental State Examination (K-MMSE) score was less than 24 points. Over 3 weeks, the case group was given an LCHF diet with nutrition drinks consisting of a ketone/non-ketone ratio of 1.73:1, whereas the control group consumed well-balanced nutrition drinks while maintaining a normal diet. After 3 weeks, K-MMSE, body composition, urine ketone bodies, and physical ability were all evaluated. Results: Urine ketone bodies of all case group subjects were positive, and K-MMSE score was significantly elevated in the case group only (p=0.021). Weight and BMI were elevated in the control group only (p<0.05). Grip strength was elevated in all subjects (p<0.01), and measurements of gait speed and one leg balance were improved only in the case group (p<0.05). Conclusions: We suggest that adherence to the LCHF diet supplemented with a ketogenic drink could possibly influence cognitive and physical function in the elderly with a high risk factor for dementia. Further, we confirmed the applicability of this dietary intervention in the elderly based on its lack of any side effects or changes in nutritional status.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.51 no.3
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• pp.277-285
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• 2019

An inverse correlation between obesity and arterial stiffness has been reported, but there are no consistent results in elderly subjects. This study examined the relationship between the arterial stiffness measured by the CAVI (cardio-ankle vascular index) and BMI (body mass index) in healthy elderly people. This study included 629 healthy elderly people aged 65 and over who underwent health examinations at a general hospital in Gyeonggi from July 2018 to June 2019. Metabolic syndrome was diagnosed using the criteria of the Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III of the US National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP). Among the criteria of NCEP-ATP III, the waist circumference and obesity criteria were based on the WHO criteria. All subjects underwent a biochemical blood test and an assessment of the CAVI. In both men and women, the CAVI was lower in the obese group than in the normal weight group. Gender (P=0.047), age (P<0.001), BMI (P<0.001), and waist circumference (P=0.008) were factors affecting the CAVI. Gender, high blood pressure, and hyperglycemia were independent positive predictors of the CAVI levels, while obesity was a negative predictor. Therefore, the CAVI and BMI showed an inverse correlation. In conclusion, there was an inverse correlation between the CAVI and BMI in the elderly, and obesity was a negative predictor of the CAVI.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.43-55
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• 2019

Objective: The purpose of this study is to conduct a preliminary research for the development of a Performance-Based Cognitive Function Test (PCFT) to screen the elderly for cognitive function impairment, and examine the reliability and validity of the test. Methods: A draft version of the Performance-Based Cognitive Function Test (PCFT) was developed and utilized in nine healthy elderly individuals. In order to verify its reliability, we analyzed the internal consistency of the PCFT. In order to verify the concurrent validity of the PCFT, this study analyzed the correlation between motor-cognitive dual task assessments and the Korean version of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE-K). Results: The internal consistency of the PCFT for motor and cognitive tasks was 0.871 and 0.959 (Cronbach's ${\alpha}$), respectively. Concurrent validity of the PCFT, which was performed through motor-cognitive dual task assessments, ranged from 0.755 to 0.964 (Spearman's rho statistic, p < 0.05). In addition, correlation between the cognitive assessment tool and the MMSE-K ranged from 0.849 to 0.943 (p < 0.01). Conclusion: This study verified, and established the reliability and validity of the PCFT. Further studies are required to examine other psychometric properties in a modified PCFT, for screening cognitive function impairments in the elderly.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.348-356
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• 2019

This study is was to suggest improvement of assistive device for the elderly according to investigate the satisfaction and the needs of assistive device for elderly. The subjects were 184 beneficiary older adults in long-term health insurance who used home care service in I city and D city. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. With the exception of cognitive assistance grade, subjects were showed from 'normal' to ' satisfied' on a types of assistive device and services related to assistive device. I, II grade subjects needed assistive device for self-care. III, IV and V grade subjects needed assistive device for safety and health maintenance. In the service related assistive device, All subjects needed service on 'periodic follow-up service', 'expert on assistive device' and 'comprehensive evaluation'. This results is significant in that it suggest to needed assistive device in accordance with grade unlike previous studies. Results of this study will expected to utilize as a basic evidence for improvement of assistive device, service related to assistive device for elderly.

• 한국노년학
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• v.40 no.3
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• pp.429-442
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• 2020

The purpose of this research was to examine changes in the physical fitness, activities of daily living performance, and cognitive status of the frail elderly by combined exercise programs. The combined exercise program consisted of an aerobic exercise for the elderly and a four-color ladder exercise for improving of cognitive ability and physical fitness. Twenty-one frail elderly participated in this study, they were divided into 12 exercise groups and nine control groups. The exercise group conducted the combined exercise program of 60 minutes, twice a week, for10 weeks, while the control group maintained their normal lives. Strength, flexibility, agility, coordination, ADL and MMSE-K were measured. Exercise group showed significant improvement in grip strength compared to control group. In addition, ADL showed significant improvement only in the exercise group. The results of this study showed that participation in the combined exercise program of the el derl y was effective in improving the grip strength, and in preventing various physical functions and cognitive conditions decline.

• Journal of Internet Computing and Services
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.133-144
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• 2020

The number of elderly people with dementia is increasing as fast as the proportion of older people due to aging, which creates a social and economic burden. In particular, dementia care costs, including indirect costs such as increased care costs due to lost caregiver hours and caregivers, have grown exponentially over the years. In order to reduce these costs, it is urgent to introduce a management system to care for dementia patients. Therefore, this study proposes a sensor-based abnormal behavior detection system to manage dementia patients who live alone or in an environment where they cannot always take care of dementia patients. Existing studies were merely evaluating behavior or evaluating normal behavior, and there were studies that perceived behavior by processing images, not data from sensors. In this study, we recognized the limitation of real data collection and used both the auto-encoder, the unsupervised learning model, and the LSTM, the supervised learning model. Autoencoder, an unsupervised learning model, trained normal behavioral data to learn patterns for normal behavior, and LSTM further refined classification by learning behaviors that could be perceived by sensors. The test results show that each model has about 96% and 98% accuracy and is designed to pass the LSTM model when the autoencoder outlier has more than 3%. The system is expected to effectively manage the elderly and dementia patients who live alone and reduce the cost of caring.