• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate a possible association between the anti-tissue transglutaminase antibody (anti-tTG) titer and stage of duodenal mucosal damage and assess a possible cut-off value of anti-tTG at which celiac disease (CD) may be diagnosed in children in conjunction with clinical judgment. Methods: This observational study was conducted at a gastroenterology clinic in a tertiary hospital from April 2012 to May 2013. Seventy children between 6-months and 18-years-old with suspected CD underwent celiac serology and duodenal biopsy. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 16. Diagnostic test values were determined for comparing the anti-tTG titer with duodenal biopsy. An analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer tests were performed for comparing the means between groups. A receiver operating characteristics curve was plotted to determine various cut-off values of anti-tTG. Results: The mean antibody titer increased with severity of Marsh staging (p<0.001). An immunoglobulin (Ig) A-tTG value at 115 AU/mL had 76% sensitivity and 100% specificity with a 100% positive predictive value (PPV) and 17% negative predictive value (NPV) for diagnosis of CD (p<0.001, 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.75-1). Conclusion: There is an association between the anti-tTG titer and stage of duodenal mucosal injury in children with CD. An anti-tTG value of 115 AU/mL (6.4 times the upper normal limit) had 76% sensitivity, 100% specificity, with a 100% PPV, and 17% NPV for diagnosing CD (95% CI, 0.75-1). This cut-off may be used in combination with clinical judgment to diagnose CD.

• 대한의용생체공학회:의공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.134-143
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• 2011

The selection of meaningful clinical tests and its reference values from a high-dimensional clinical data with imbalanced class distribution, one class is represented by a large number of examples while the other is represented by only a few, is an important issue for differential diagnosis between similar diseases, but difficult. For this purpose, this study introduces methods based on the concepts of both discernibility matrix and function in rough set theory (RST) with two discretization approaches, equal width and frequency discretization. Here these discretization approaches are used to define the reference values for clinical tests, and the discernibility matrix and function are used to extract a subset of significant clinical tests from the translated nominal attribute values. To show its applicability in the differential diagnosis problem, we have applied it to extract the significant clinical tests and its reference values between normal (N = 351) and abnormal group (N = 101) with either cholecystitis or cholelithiasis disease. In addition, we investigated not only the selected significant clinical tests and the variations of its reference values, but also the average predictive accuracies on four evaluation criteria, i.e., accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and geometric mean, during l0-fold cross validation. From the experimental results, we confirmed that two discretization approaches based rough set approximation methods with relative frequency give better results than those with absolute frequency, in the evaluation criteria (i.e., average geometric mean). Thus it shows that the prediction model using relative frequency can be used effectively in classification and prediction problems of the clinical data with imbalanced class distribution.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제10권1호
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• pp.321-340
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• 2016

The Compressive Video Sensing (CVS) is a useful technology for wireless systems requiring simple encoders but handling more complex decoders, and its rate-distortion performance is highly affected by the quantization of measurements and reconstruction of video frame, which motivates us to presents the Space-Time Quantization (ST-Q) and Motion-Aligned Reconstruction (MA-R) in this paper to both improve the performance of CVS system. The ST-Q removes the space-time redundancy in the measurement vector to reduce the amount of bits required to encode the video frame, and it also guarantees a low quantization error due to the fact that the high frequency of small values close to zero in the predictive residuals limits the intensity of quantizing noise. The MA-R constructs the Multi-Hypothesis (MH) matrix by selecting the temporal neighbors along the motion trajectory of current to-be-reconstructed block to improve the accuracy of prediction, and besides it reduces the computational complexity of motion estimation by the extraction of static area and 3-D Recursive Search (3DRS). Extensive experiments validate that the significant improvements is achieved by ST-Q in the rate-distortion as compared with the existing quantization methods, and the MA-R improves both the objective and the subjective quality of the reconstructed video frame. Combined with ST-Q and MA-R, the CVS system obtains a significant rate-distortion performance gain when compared with the existing CS-based video codecs.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.71-84
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• 2017

토양, 암석, 지하수로부터 실내에 유입되는 라돈은 인간에게 큰 위해를 끼치는 방사능 가스이다. 라돈 가스의 위해성을 확인하기 위해 실내 라돈 농도를 측정해 오고 있는데, 추가적인 분석 수행을 위해서는 신뢰성 높은 분포도 작성이 매우 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 비대칭 분포를 나타내는 라돈 농도의 공간 분포도 작성을 위해 단변량 크리깅 기법들의 비교를 목적으로 정규 크리깅, 비선형 자료 변환 기반의 로그 정규 크리깅, 다중 가우시안 크리깅과 지시자 크리깅의 예측 능력을 비교하였다. 예측 능력을 비교 분석하기 위해 잭나이프 방법을 이용하여 검증을 수행하였으며, 자료 구간별 오차와 샘플링 밀도의 차이에 따른 오차도 추가적으로 분석하였다. 남한 지역을 대상으로 한 사례 연구 결과에서 전반적으로 정규 크리깅에 비해 비선형 자료 변환 기반 크리깅 기법들이 좋은 예측 능력을 보였으며, 비선형 자료 변환 기반 크리깅은 로그 정규 크리깅, 다중 가우시안 크리깅 순으로 좋게 나타났다. 그러나 공간 패턴과 높은 값의 재생산을 고려할 때, 높은 값의 예측 능력은 정규 크리깅이 가장 우수하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 비대칭 분포 자료의 공간 예측을 위한 크리깅 기법의 선정에 유용하게 사용될 것으로 기대된다.

• 한국초지조사료학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.350-357
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• 2017

Near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a rapid and accurate method for analyzing the quality of cereals, and dried animal forage. However, one limitation of this method is its inability to measure fermentation parameters in dried and ground samples because they are volatile, and therefore, respectively lost during the drying process. In order to overcome this limitation, in this study, fresh coarse haylage was used to test the potential of NIRS to accurately determine chemical composition and fermentation parameters. Fresh coarse Italian ryegrass haylage samples were scanned at 1 nm intervals over a wavelength range of 680 to 2500 nm, and optical data were recorded as log 1/reflectance. Spectral data, together with first- and second-order derivatives, were analyzed using partial least squares (PLS) multivariate regressions; scatter correction procedures (standard normal variate and detrend) were used in order to reduce the effect of extraneous noise. Optimum calibrations were selected based on their low standard error of cross validation (SECV) values. Further, ratio of performance deviation, obtained by dividing the standard deviation of reference values by SECV values, was used to evaluate the reliability of predictive models. Our results showed that the NIRS method can predict chemical constituents accurately (correlation coefficient of cross validation, $R_{cv}^2$, ranged from 0.76 to 0.97); the exception to this result was crude ash ($R_{cv}^2=0.49$ and RPD = 2.09). Comparison of mathematical treatments for raw spectra showed that second-order derivatives yielded better predictions than first-order derivatives. The best mathematical treatment for DM, ADF, and NDF, respectively was 2, 16, 16, whereas the best mathematical treatment for CP and crude ash, respectively was 2, 8, 8. The calibration models for fermentation parameters had low predictive accuracy for acetic, propionic, and butyric acids (RPD < 2.5). However, pH, and lactic and total acids were predicted with considerable accuracy ($R_{cv}^2$ 0.73 to 0.78; RPD values exceeded 2.5), and the best mathematical treatment for them was 1, 8, 8. Our findings show that, when fresh haylage is used, NIRS-based calibrations are reliable for the prediction of haylage characteristics, and therefore useful for the assessment of the forage quality.

• KIEAE Journal
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.89-94
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• 2016

Purpose: This study aimed at developing an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the optimal start moment of the setback temperature during the normal occupied period of a building. Method: For achieving this objective, three major steps were conducted: the development of an initial ANN model, optimization of the initial model, and performance tests of the optimized model. The development and performance testing of the ANN model were conducted through numerical simulation methods using transient systems simulation (TRNSYS) and matrix laboratory (MATLAB) software. Result: The results analysis in the development and test processes revealed that the indoor temperature, outdoor temperature, and temperature difference from the setback temperature presented strong relationship with the optimal start moment of the setback temperature; thus, these variables were used as input neurons in the ANN model. The optimal values for the number of hidden layers, number of hidden neurons, learning rate, and moment were found to be 4, 9, 0.6, and 0.9, respectively, and these values were applied to the optimized ANN model. The optimized model proved its prediction accuracy with the very storing statistical correlation between the predicted values from the ANN model and the simulated values in the TRNSYS model. Thus, the optimized model showed its potential to be applied in the control algorithm.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.142-146
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• 2010

본 연구는 실험적으로 개의 피부장벽 손상 모델을 평가하기 위해 아세톤을 이용하여 개 피부장벽의 손상을 유도하고 손상의 정도를 경표피수분소실과 각질층보습도 수치를 측정하였다. 손상 후의 각질층세포간 지질구조는 전자현미경을 이용하여 평가하였다. 피부 및 임상병리학적 검사에서 건강한 2~4세령의 수컷 비글 개 6마리를 사용하였으며 아세톤에 의해 피부는 삭모 후 48시간후 에 손상되었다. 경표피수분소실도와 각질층보습도는 아세톤 손상전보다 손상후에 유의성 있게 저하되었다. 아세톤 손상표피의 전자현미경학적 평가에서는 손상된 각질세포간 비정상적이고 불완전한 지질층판이 관찰되었다. 본 연구를 통하여 아세톤을 이용한 개의 피부장벽손상은 개 아토피나 건성피부 연구를 위한 손상모델 가능성이 있는 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.340-353
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• 2009

It is very important to screen the elderly for nutritional risk, because nutritional status is a critical factor to maintain their health. Some nutrition checklists used in Korea for the elderly are from other countries. Reliability of those checklist in Korea is not studied enough. This survey was done for the elderly over 65-years-old who live in Hong-cheon, An-dong, Dam-yang and Yeon-gi in Korea (subject; summer: 146, winter: 145) to study the reliability of DETERMINE checklist which is adopted widely in Korea. Using the score of DETERMINE checklist, the elderly were divided as high, middle and low risk groups. For nutritional assessment for those elderly, dietary assessment using 24 recall, anthropometry, biochemical assessment and health condition were used. Results for the checklist showed that percentage below EAR for energy intake and protein intake in winter were higher in the high risk group than other groups. The intakes of phosphorus and iron and most vitamins were below the DRI. The percentage of subjects with intake below DRI was highest in the high risk group. Sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive values using the DETERMINE were calculated using 6 point as a cut-off point. Subjects were divided into two groups by MAR (MAR < 0.75:undernutrition, MAR < 0.75 : normal). Sensitivity recorded 49.4% and 34.3%, specificity did 61.9% and 65.4 and Positive predictive value did 62.1% and 46.0% each for summer and winter. Results of screening using DETERMINE Checklist were not matched with dietary assessment but not with anthropometric and biochemical measurement. In conclusion DETERMINE 'Checklist' is shown be a good screening tool for finding out risk groups for dietary intake in the elderly, It needs to verify reliability and validity through large-scale survey.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.53-67
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• 2022

Objectives: This study aimed to identify the characteristics of the heart rate variability (HRV) index in patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and to evaluate the predictive value of HRV for Korean medical treatment responsiveness to tongue pain in BMS. Methods: Among BMS patients who visited the Oral Diseases Clinic of Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital from January 1, 2018, to May 31, 2021, we reviewed the clinical records of 217 women aged 50 years and over. HRV and unstimulated saliva flow rate (USFR) measurements were carried out, and all patients were asked to indicate their degree of tongue pain using the visual analog scale (VAS). The subjects were classified into subgroups according to the presence or absence of hyposalivation and VAS improvement, and each subgroup was compared using the HRV index. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to confirm whether cause-effect relationships were present between statistically significant values. Results: BMS patients had lower LF and HF than healthy people. Subgroup analysis demonstrated that there were some statistically significant differences in the HRV index according to salivation rate and degree of pain. In addition, as the LF/HF ratio increased, the pain improvement rate decreased after treatment. Conclusion: The autonomic nerve activity of BMS patients was lower than that of healthy people; however, autonomic balance was not impaired. In addition, tongue pain in BMS patients responded more favorably to Korean medical treatment when patients fell within a normal range of the LF/HF ratio, suggesting that autonomic imbalance could be used as one of the predictable factors in clinical practice.

• 기본간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.351-358
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• 1997

Body temperature should be measured accurately to assess neonate's condition for proper care. Temperatures measured in rectal, axillary and tympanic site were compared in 129 normal neonates to find out proper nursing time for measuring temperature and the validity of fever detection. The results were as follows : 1. Mean temperatures of axillary and tympanic site($36.85^{\circ}C,\;37.12^{\circ}C$) were significantly lower than those of rectal site($37.19^{\circ}C$). 2. Mean nursing time for measuring body temperature was significantly higher and lower in axillary and tympanic temperatures(159.49 seconds, 11.07 seconds) than in rectal temperature(105.62 seconds). 3. Tympanic and axillary temperatures were significantly correlated with rectal temperature (r=0.85, r=0.78) and the significant correlation was demonstrated between tympanic and axillary temperatures(r=0.76). 4. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values were 0.87, 0.90, 0.72, 0.96 for detecting fever respectively. The above findings indicated that the tympanic thermometer offers a useful alternative to conventional methods.