• Communications for Statistical Applications and Methods
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

We find a sufficient condition for optimal Berry-Esseen bounds in the normal approximation of functionals of Gaussian fields studied by Nourdin and Peccati (2009b).

• 전기의세계
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.47-51
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• 1979

An optimal problem in which the dynamics is nonlinear and the cost functional includes a discontinuous integrand is investigated. By using Neustadt's abstract maximum principle, a necessary conditions in the form of Pontryagin's maximum principle is derived and it is further shown that this necessary condition is also a sufficient condition for normal problems with linear-in-the-state systems.

• 대한조선학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.25-34
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• 1969

From viewpoints of over-all ship economy the straight framed V-bottom hull forms with chines are considered to be attractive even for usual commercial vessels, because increments of resistance over that of round hull forms, if any, can be well compensated with reduction in construction cost.[1] To investigate the influences of both prismatic coefficient and chine elevation on resistance performance, three models of straight-framed V-bottom hull forms which are similar to Prof. C. Ridgely-Nevitt's W-18, W-8, and W-20[2],[3] in size and hull form coefficients were tested at the SNU Ship Model Towing Tank for resistance measurements. They are of Cp=0.60, 0.65 and 0.70 and of ${\Delta}/(0.01L)^3=300$. Influence of variation of chine elevation on resistance performance were observed with the test results obtained at normal condition, and at the trimed by the stern by 2% and 4% of $L_{bp}$ at normal condition under same displacement. The hull form characteristics are shown in Table 1, and in Fig. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5. The test results are shown in Fig 8, 9 and 10 in the form of Cr vs. $V/\sqrt{L}$ curves taking Cp as a parameter for normal condition, trim by the stern in 2% and 4% $L_{bp}$ at normal condition , respectively. Cr vs. $V/\sqrt{L}$ curves taking trim condition as a parameter are also shown in Fig 11, 12 and 13 for Cp=0.60 and 0.70, respectively. The best and the worst trim condition at given $V/\sqrt{L}$ in viewpoint of Cr are plotted for each Cp-value as shown in Fig 14, 15 and 16. From the above results the following conclusions are derived: (1) In general, the resistance performance of the straight-framed V-bottom hull forms are not inferior to those of round hull forms. At a certain range of $V/\sqrt{L}$ the former gives less resistance than the latter. (2) Regarding influences of Cp on Cr, it is observed that, at $V/\sqrt{L}$ less than about 0.925, the greater Cp-value gives the more increment of Cr, and that, at $V/\sqrt{L}$ greater than about 0.925 the smaller Cp-value gives the more increment of Cr. It is also noteworthy that the model of Cp=0.70 has remarkable hump on Cr vs. $V/\sqrt{L}$ curve between $V/\sqrt{L}=0.80$ and 0.90. (3) For higher speed within the test range, the chine elevation having the steeper slope around bow and the easier slope around amidship and stern, refered to watering, give the better results in resistance performance. (4) Assuming the chine elevations adopted for the tested models were not of the best, we would expect further improvement of resistance performance for such form. Hence, a systematic study on chine elevation is very disirable to prepare design data of general purpose for the such hull forms.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.199-218
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• 2002

This study was conducted to examine obese children's self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior in order to provide basic information on prevention of children obesity. Data were collected in June, 2001 from 349 normal weight children and 351 obese children, who were fifth or sixth graders at 14 primary schools located in Seoul, Busan, Daegu, Gwangju, Ansan, chungju, and Gumi. The data were analyzed through using Chronbach's $\alpha$, frequency analysis, $X^2-test$, ANOVA, and Pearson correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follow. 1. The factor of children obesity was significantly different in the variables of sex, parents obesity, brother or sister obesity, father's occupation, level of living, health condition, and satisfaction level with their bodies. On the other hand, it was not significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, mother's occupation, level of father's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. 2. In the case of normal weight children, dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of level of father's concern about health and level of children's concern about health. In th case of obese children, the dietary efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of grade, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the social efficiency feeling was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, level of living, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. 3. In the case of normal weight children, personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the personal hygiene was significantly different in the variables of parents' education level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and level of parents' concern about health. In the case of normal weight children, dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of sex, level of parents's concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the dietary habit was significantly different in the variables of father's education level, mother's education level, level of living, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, sex, father's education level, mother's education level, and level of children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the exercise habit was significantly different in the variables of grade, mother obesity, parents' education level, father's occupation, level of parent' concern about health, the children's health condition, and the children's satisfaction level with their bodies. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of sex, father's occupation, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of infectious diseases was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level and father's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of mother's education level, level of parents' concern about health, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the prevention of accident was significantly different in the variables of brother and sister obesity and mother's occupation. In the case of normal weight children, mental health was significantly different in the variables of father obesity, brother and sister obesity, parents' education level, and level of the children's concern about health. In the case of obese children, the mental health was significantly different in the variables of parents' educational level, father's occupation, mother's occupation, level of living, and the children's health condition. 4. According to the correlation between self-efficiency feeling and health promotion behavior, the higher the self-efficiency feeling was, the higher the level of health promotion behavior was. 5. The children obesity was influenced by the factors of level of living, level of parents' concern about health, the children's health condition, level of the children's concern about health, the children's satisfaction level with their bodies, dietary efficiency feeling, exercise efficiency feeling, social efficiency feeling, personal hygiene, dietary habit, exercise habit, prevention of infectious diseases, prevention of accident, and mental health. From the results of this study, it is clear that obese children's self-efficiency feeling is closely related with health promotion behavior. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen children's self-efficiency feeling in order to make children control efficiently obesity for themselves.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.629-638
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to provide fundamental data by degree of obesity which was necessary to nutritional education for the formation of right eating and dietary guideline by researching food habits of children. In order to achieve this purpose, a survey was conducted on 3, 4, 5, 6th grade of students from 4 schools in S and G city in Jeolla-Namdo. The results was as follows. There were 384(44.4%) students were normal weight, 193(22.3) were overweight, and 287(33.2) were low weight by obesity indices. Comparing the student's subjective health condition among the degree of obesity, 40.4% of overweight recognized they were healthy, 30.1% recognized ordinary, and 57.1% of lean recognized they were healthy, 34.5% recognized ordinary. It was turned out that most students who were overweight and lean recognized healthy and normal. Family was reported to be the most impact factor on student's diet habits, and then Multimedia such as TV seemed to have a effect on overweight and lean students, but nutrition teachers had a direct influence on normal weight students. The most thing which eating habits for a reform was unbalanced diet. The students in this research have breakfast everyday and regularly. Regarding dietary attitudes, overweight group enjoyed eating healthy food more than normal and low body weight group did, and tried to eat what they have never eaten before. In conclusion, it's necessary for elementary school students that increase the control ability of self perceived health condition with education for good eating habit and grasp their condition themselves through the nutrition education in school.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.302-309
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• 2006

Lupus-like syndrome is characterized by multiple organ injuries including lungs and kidneys. Endotoxin induces a transiently intent systemic inflammatory response and indirectly transient acute lung injury in normal condition. However, whether endotoxin may trigger the persistent development of lung injury in chronic, inflammatory lupus-like syndrome compared with normal condition remains unclear. We examined the pulmonary vascular permeability and production of proinflammatory cytokines, such as TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$, which play prominent roles in the pathogenesis of lupus-like tissue injury, 6 hand 72 h after i.p. lipopolysaccharide (LPS; endotoxin) injection in pristane-primed chronic inflammation ICR mice characterized by a lupus-like syndrome. These results demonstrated that levels of serum IL-6, IL-10 and IFN-${\gamma}$ and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) IL-6 and IFN-${\gamma}$ were remarkably increased 6 h in LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with pristane-primed controls, while pulmonary vascular permeability and levels of serum and BAL TNF-${\alpha}$ were not. And levels of BAL TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly enhanced 72 h in LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with pristane-primed controls. Also, LPS significantly induced the increased in vitro production of TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6 and IL-10 by lung cells obtained from LPS-exposed pristane-primed mice compared with LPS-exposed normal mice. Our findings indicate that LPS may trigger persistent progression of lung injury through late overproduction of BAL TNF-${\alpha}$, IL-6, and IL-10 in lupuslike chronic inflammation syndrome compared with normal condition.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.445-459
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate of the dietary life, nutritional status and health condition in 100 elderly living in nursing homes in Pusan area. The quality of meals served in nursing homes base on nutrient contents and the state of preferared foods was evaluated by the questionaire and the nutritional status and health condition of subjects were estimated by the analysis of serum components. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1 Almost all subjects were aged over 70 years and poor-educated. Mean height and weight of subjects were lower than Korean average standard but Body Mass Index(BMI) of those were normal and body fat contents of females were especially high. 2. Protein, vitamin A, vitamin C and Ca intake of subjects were lower than Korean RDA. Subjects preferred pan-broiled for meats and fishes, muchim for vegetables fruits as food between meals. 3. There were no smoking and drinking in almost all subjects. All subjects have taken nutritional supplements, mainly mineral supplements. Prevalence of disease in subjects were in the following order : cardiovascular, stomach, neuralgia in males. The frequency of neuralgia in females was highest. 4. Serum levels of HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol, triglyceride, total protein, albumin, globulin, Ca and Mg were lower than those of normal ranges. Therefore, it Is necessary to improve nutritional status of the elderly in nursing homes with by increasing the various side dishes and to develop the standard menu for those.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.413-421
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• 2012

In industry, various rotating machinery such as pumps, gas turbines, compressors, electric motors, generators are being used as an important facility. Due to the industrial development, they make high performance(high-speed, high-pressure). As a result, we need more intelligent and reliable machine condition diagnosis techniques. Diagnosis technique using hidden Markov-model is proposed for an accurate and predictable condition diagnosis of various rotating machines and also has overcame the speed limitation of time/frequency method by using compensation of the rotational speed of rotor. In addition, existing artificial intelligence method needs defect state data for fault detection. hidden Markov model can overcome this limitation by using normal state data alone to detect fault of rotational machinery. Vibration analysis of step-up gearbox for wind turbine was applied to the study to ensure the robustness of diagnostic performance about compensation of the rotational speed. To assure the performance of normal state alone method, hidden Markov model was applied to experimental torque measuring gearbox in this study.

• 항공우주기술
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.21-28
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• 2007

본 논문의 목표는 고장허용제어시스템에 대한 기반 연구로서 무인비행기 안전성 향상을 위하여 조종면 작동불능과 같은 고장에 대해 검출 방법을 제시하는 것이다. 조종면 고장검출을 위한 실시간 시스템식별 알고리듬은 퓨리에 변환기법을 사용하였으며 프로그램 성능 및 검증을 위해 HILS 시험과 비행시험을 수행하였다. 엘리베이터 조종면 고장은 피칭모멘트에 대한 조종면 효과를 나타내는 조종미계수를 실시간 추정하여 정상상태의 값과 비교함으로써 검출된다. 비행시험 결과를 통해 고장상태의 조종미계수 값은 정상상태의 값보다 작다는 것을 확인하였다.

• 한국생활과학회지
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• 제21권6호
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• pp.1199-1210
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• 2012

This study investigated the influence of obesity on depression and stress by analyzing the results of the national survey on health and nutrition. Relationships between normal, obese, and severely obese groups were investigated. The results of the study are as follows. First, obesity caused by demographic variables showed a relationship to both gender and average monthly income. In the case of the seriously obese group, females had higher rates of depression than males, and the high obesity group had lower average monthly income than the normal and obese groups. Second, obesity caused by health-related variables found that high blood pressure, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes that was not angina-related displayed higher rates of depression in the serious obesity group than in the other groups. As for subjective evaluations of one's own health condition, the serious obesity group showed a high tendency to evaluate their own health conditions negatively. Third, the difference between depression and stress related to obesity level showed no difference between the normal weight group and the obesity group; however, the seriously obese group demonstrated relatively higher occurrences of depression and higher stress scores. Fourth, the result for depression and stress level caused by demographic variables, health-related variables, and obesity demonstrated a direct relationship to gender, subjective level of satisfaction with one's personal finances, average monthly income, subjective perception of one's own health and severely obesity status. More specifically, it was found that the ratio of depression and stress score was higher when the subject was female, among those whose subjective evaluation of their own finances and health condition was negative, and those who suffered from severe obesity.