• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.99-110
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• 2020

In terms of junior high school girls' growth patterns during early adolescence, are unlike childhood when relatively balanced growth patterns are found and high school years in which the normal adult body type is nearly reached, growth patterns displayed are imbalanced and rapid. In fact, diverse size changes by body part growth occur significantly different from individual to individual. Therefore, it has been hard for junior high school students to select their proper size when buying school uniforms. This study attempted to acquire basic data needed to address adolescent body shapes and school uniform patterns for junior high school girls, using the data from the 7th Size Korea Survey (2015). Specifically, it provides basic data for the development of school uniform patterns through the classification of their body into particular types, After extracting body shape components and a cluster analysis using ANOVA. According to a factor analysis conducted to determine body shape components, six factors were obtained: Factor 1: bulk and horizontal size, Factor 2: body height and length, Factor 3: shoulder shape and length, Factor 4: shape of upper body, Factor 5: lower drop, Factor 6: upper drop with a variance of 81.46%. To classify junior high school girls' body shape and determine their characteristics, a cluster analysis was performed with the variables obtained using factor analysis. Body shape was classified into three different types: Type 1 accounted for 30.7%. This was a short, slender body with the smallest bulk, size, and upper drop. Type 2 accounted for 24.9%. This was the largest in bulk and horizontal size and highest and length as well. Type 3 accounted for 44.5%. This type was close to average in terms of horizontal size, length and height, and high drop values. To develop school uniforms with great accuracy and body fit for junior high school students, there should be further studies on changes in body shape and their causes. The study results can serve as basic data for comparing branded school uniform patterns for junior high school girls and developing school uniform patterns based on body shape, using 3D virtual clothing simulations.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.197-203
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• 2011

Purpose: This study was done to identify whether pre-conditioning exercise has neuroprotective effects against cerebral ischemia, through enhance brain microvascular integrity. Methods: Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups: 1) Normal (n=10); 2) Exercise (n=10); 3) Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAo), n=10); 4) Exercise+MCAo (n= 10). Both exercise groups ran on a treadmill at a speed of 15 m/min, 30 min/day for 4 weeks, then, MCAo was performed for 90 min. Brain infarction was measured by Nissl staining. Examination of the remaining neuronal cell after MCAo, and microvascular protein expression on the motor cortex, showed the expression of Neuronal Nuclei (NeuN), Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) & laminin. Results: After 48 hr of MCAo, the infarct volume was significantly reduced in the Ex+MCAo group ($15.6{\pm}2.7%$) compared to the MCAo group ($44.9{\pm}3.8%$) (p<.05), and many neuronal cells were detected in the Ex+ MCAo group ($70.8{\pm}3.9%$) compared to the MCAo group ($43.4{\pm}5.1%$) (p<.05). The immunoreactivity of laminin, as a marker of microvessels and Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were intensively increased in the Ex+MCAo group compared to the MCAo group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the neuroprotective effects of exercise pre-conditioning reduce ischemic brain injury through strengthening the microvascular integrity after cerebral ischemia.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.799-821
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• 1996

The ultimate goal of periodontal treatment has been to facilitate regeneration of diseased periodontal tissues, destroyed by inflammatory periodontal disease. For regeneration of the periodontium to occur, all of component tissues must be restored to their original position and architecture. Growth factors which were known to promote the cellular processes, ie, proliferation, migration and matrix synthesis, have been in the spotlight of current periodontics. Platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF) stimulates collagen and non collagen protein synthesis, migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. Insulin-like growth factor(IGF) has potentials to induce collagen and bone matrix synthesis so that it regulates normal bone remodeling. Application of the combination have been known to facilitate formation of bone and cementum, and to synergistically interact to promote coronal migration and proliferation of periodontal ligament cells. These two growth factors have been reported to exhibit positive effect in the periodontally diseased teeth or class m furcation defects. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that PDGF-BB alone or the combination of PDGF-BB and IGF-I can predictably enhance regeneration of the periodontium in the dehiscence defect. Following the resection of premolars, roots were embedded. After 12 weeks of healing period, standardized experimental $4{\times}4mm$ dehiscence defects were created on the mid-facial of the premolar roots in each of 4 young adult dogs. In control group, only methylcellulose gel was inserted in the defects. In experimental group I and II, gel with $2{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB or $2{\mu}g$ of PDGF-BB and $1{\mu}g$ of IGF-I was inserted in the defects, respectively. At 8 weeks postsurgery, the dogs were sacrificed. The results were observed histologically and analyzed histomorphometrically.The results of this study were as follws. 1. The new cementum formation was $1.26{\pm}0.69mm$ in the control group, $1.80{\pm}0.84mm$ in the experimental group I, $1.93{\pm}0.51mm$ in the experimental group II. The experimental group III, the experimental group I, the control group were in the order of cementum formation without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. 2. The new bone formation was $1.00{\pm}0.53mm$ in the control group, $1.53{\pm}0.63mm$ in the experimental group I, $l.33{\pm}0.45mm$ in the experimental group II. The experimental group I, the experimental group II, the control group were in the order of bone formation without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. 3. The root resorption was $1.12{\pm}0.64mm$ in the control group, $1.34{\pm}0.73mm$ in the experimental group I, $0.79{\pm}0.59mm$ in the experimental group II without statistically significant differences between control and all experimental groups. These results suggested that the use of PDGF-BB alone or PDGF-BB and IGF-I in the dehiscence defects might facilitate periodontal regeneration in some degree, but has not shown statistically significant results.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.8-20
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• 1988

The annual individual and collective doses to the thyroids of four age-dependent groups due to the in-take of I-131 released from the Younggwang nuclear power plant NU-1 & 2, Korea, are estimated using the model presented in ICRP 29. Sensitivity and robustness of the model are analyzed. In case of 0.12% fuel defect during normal operation, the collective dose is founded to be 3.05${\times}10^{-3}$man-thyroid-Sv, which is higher than the value calculated by the GASPAR code, 2.3${\times}10^{-3}$man-thyroid-Sv. The maximal individual annual doses resulting from an acute release are higher than those calculated under the assumption of continuous release by $1.4{\sim}1.7$ times. The most important pathway to the infant is milk and, in contrast, that to child, teen and adult is ingestion of crops. The model used is the calculation appears to be influenced by the variables such as roubstness-index. The weighted committed dose equivalent obtained by the ICRP 29 model is slightly higher than that calculated by the three-compartment model.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.8-27
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• 2000

Components of extracellular matrix and the matrix-degrading enzymes are some of the key regulators of tumor metastasis and angiogenesis. Hyaluronic acid (HA), a matrix glycosaminoglycan, is known to promote tumor adhesion and migration, and its small fragments are angiogenic. Until now, we have compared levels of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that degrade HA, in normal adult prostate, benign prostate hyperplasia and prostate cancer tissues and in conditioned media from epithelial explant cultures, using a substrate (HA)-gel assay and ELISA-like assay (Kim et al., unpublished results). The present review described an overall characterization of hyaluronidases and its application to human diseases. The hyaluronidases are a family of enzymes that have, until recently, deed thorough explication. The substrate for these enzymes, hyaluronan, is becoming increasingly important, recognized now as a major participant in basic processes such as cell motility, wound healing, embryogenesis, and implicated in cancer progression. And in those lower life forms that torment human beings, hyaluronidase is associated with mechanisms of entry and spread, e.g. as a virulence factor for bacteria, for tissue dissection in gas gangrene, as a means of treponema spread in syphilis, and for penetration of skin and gut by nematode parasites. Hyaluronidase also comprises a component of the venom of a wide variety of organisms, including bees, wasps, hornets, spiders, scorpions, sh, snakes and lizards. Of particular interest is the homology between some of these venom hyaluronidases and the enzyme found in the plasma membrane of mammalian spermatozoa, attesting to the ancient nature of the conserved sequence, a 36% identity in a 300 amino acid stretch of the enzyme protein. Clearly, hyaluronidase is of biological interest, being involved in the pathophysiology of so many important' human disorders. Greater effort should be made in studying this family of enzymes that have, until recently, been overlooked. Also, oriental medical application of the hyaluronidase will be discussed with respect to inhibition and suppression of inflammation and malignacy.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.52 no.3
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• pp.227-237
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• 2013

The black soldier fly (BSF), Hermetia illucens, is a generalist detritivore that is usually exploited for recycling environmental wastes, including food remnants. These insects can also be used to produce antibiotics for medical applications. For this purpose, flies need to be mass-reared using an automatic rearing system that generates various sounds. Insects use sound as a means of communication for mating or warning against predators. Thus, extrinsic sounds may interrupt the normal physiological processes of insects. In this study, we analyzed the physiological changes due to various sound treatments at $25^{\circ}C$ and 8:16 h (L:D) photoperiod. At 95 dB, larvae were exposed to different sound frequencies (0-5,000 Hz). The treated larvae were adversely affected by the high-frequency sounds and showed significant reduction in pupation and adult emergence. Different sound intensities (0-105 dB) at 5,000 Hz caused significant changes in the pupation and survival of the adults at 85 dB or above. Under a stress sound condition (5,000 Hz, 95 dB), the BSF larvae exhibited aberrations in the expression of genes related to the immune system and digestion. These results indicate that high-frequency sound treatments at or above 85 dB act as a stress sound to BSF development.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.47-53
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• 2006

Purpose: Recently, the American Heart Association recommended that routine cervical spine protection in submerged patients was not necessary, except in high-energy injury situations. However, until now, this recommendation has few supportive studies and literatures. This retrospective study was performed to demonstrate the risk of cervical spine injury in patients who had been submerged in a river. Methods: Seventy-nine submerged patients who visited St. Mary's Hospital between January 2000 and December 2005 were included in this retrospective study. We investigated and analyzed the victim's age, sex, activity on submersion, mental status and level of severity at admission, prognosis at discharge, associated injuries, and risk group by using the medical records and cervical spine lateral images. According to the activity on submersion, victims were classified into three groups: high risk, low risk, and unknown risk. The reports of radiologic studies were classified into unstable fracture, stable fracture, sprain, degenerative change, and normal. Results: The patients' mean age was 36.8 yrs, and 54% were males. Of the 79 patients, adult and adolescent populations (80%) were dominant. Jumping from a high bridge (48%) was the most common activity on submersion and accounted for 52% of the high-risk group. The Glasgow coma scale at admission and the cerebral performance scale at discharge showed bimodal patterns. The results of the radiologic studies showed one stable fracture, one suspicious stable fracture, and 18 sprains. The incidence of cervical spine fracture in submerged patients was 2.5% in our study. The incidence of cervical spine injury was higher in the high-risk group than it was in the low-risk group, especially in the jumping-from-high-bridge subgroup; however this observation was not statistically significant. No other factors had any significant effect on the incidence of cervical spine injury. Conclusion: Our study showed that even submerged patients in the high risk group had a low incidence of cervical spine fracture and that the prognosis of a patient did not seem to be influenced by the cervical spine fracture itself.

• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.18-25
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• 1997

Prosthetic replacement is one of the most common methods of reconstruction after resection of malignant tumor around the knee. Gait analysis provides a relative objective data about the gait function of patients with prosthesis. The purpose of this study was to compare the gait pattern of the patients who underwent limb salvage surgery with prosthesis for distal femur and that of patients with prosthesis for proximal tibia. This study included ten patients (4 males, 6 females, mean age 22.7 years, range 14-36) who underwent a wide resection and Kotz hinged modular reconstruction prosthesis replacement and six normal adult(Control). The site of bone tumor was the distal femur (Group 1) in six patients and proximal tibia (Group 2) in 4 patients. The follow-up period ranged from 15 to 82 months (mean : 33 months). The evaluation consisted of clinical assessment, radiographic assessment, gait analysis using VICON 370 Motion Analysis System. The gait analysis included the linear parameters such as, walking velocity, cadence, step length, stride length, stance time, swing time, single support and double support time and the three-dimensional kinematics (joint rotation angle, velocity of joint rotation) of ankle, knee, hip and pelvis in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. For the kinetic evaluation, the moment of force (unit: Nm/kg) and power (unit: Watt/kg) of ankle, knee and hip joint in sagittal, coronal and transverse plane. In the linear parameters, cadence, velocity, step time and single support were decreased in both group 1 and group 2 compared with control. Double support decreased in group 2 compared with control significantly(p<.05). In contrast to our hypothesis, there was no significant difference between group 1 and group 2. In Kinematics, we observed significant difference (p<.05) of decreased knee flexion in loading response (G2

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.92-98
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• 2017

Background: Nebulized colistimethate is increasingly used, because there are problems such as renal dysfunction and low distribution within the lungs when colistimethate is administered intravenously. This study was designed to compare and analyze the changes in renal function by of nebulized colistimethate treatment for its safe administration. Methods: This study retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of adult patients above 19 years old, receiving only the nebulized colistimethate at least 4 days in Yonsei university health system from Nov 2014 to Aug 2015. Acute kidney injury (AKI) was determined by using the RIFLE criteria (Risk, Injury, Failure, Loss and End-stage renal disease) according to serum creatinine (SCr) levels before and after use of nebulized colistimethate. Results: 48 patients were included our study and their SCr increased significantly after nebulized colistimethate treatment ($SCr_0$ vs. $SCr_1$; $0.85{\pm}0.80$ vs. $1.00{\pm}0.82mg/dL$, n=48, p<0.001), but the changes were in normal range according to the standards at Yonsei university health $system^a$. Among 48 patients, 38 patients were in the non-AKI group (79.2%), and 10 patients developed AKI (20.8%). Within the AKI group, 2 patients were in the Injury group (20%) and the other 8 in the Risk group (80%). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in age, dosage and duration of treatment between AKI group and non-AKI group (p>0.05). The study has a significance in that it reviewed the safety of nebulized colistimethate only treatment to national patients, analyzing its nephrotoxicity. It has confirmed that nebulized colistimethate is a safer method than intravenous injection, and requires to establish a guideline for the use of nebulized colistimethate in further studies with broader patient groups. $^a$ : SCr Male 0.68-1.19 mg/dL, Female 0.49-0.91 mg/dL.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.285-294
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• 1991

The human temporomandibular joint as a ginglymoarthrodial one has much in common with the other synovial joints of the body, but it does possess an unique charachteristic in that it must accomodate the various occlusal relations of dentition during an end point of closure. For that reason, the movement of the condyle in the temporomandibular joint is susceptible to influences from the nature of occlusion. Undue loading to the temporomandibular joint can be applied on the occasion of premature contacts in centric relation, balancing side interferences, change of occlusal surfaces due to excessive attrition, loss of tooth. Such occlusal disharmonies in association with the systemic and emotional factors may give rise to the temporomandibular disorder. On the other hand, the changes of occlusal patterns in the growing body can also have an effect on the growth of the temporomandibular joint through the alterations of functional stresses. The purpose of this study was to observe histopathologic response of the temporomandibular joint in unilateral chewing on one side exclusively for 10 months. Three dogs showing normal masticatory function were chosen. One dog aged about 12 months was for control, two dogs for experimental specimens were about 12 and 18 months old respectively. For chewing on the left side only, unilateral lower right premolar and molar were extracted in two experimental specimens. And then three dogs were sacrificed 10 months later. Frontal histologic sectioning of joints were done for the observation of the effects of one-side chewing. 24 specimens from three dogs were obtained and fixed in 10% formalin and routinly processed with H-E staining for histologic examination. The light microscopic findings were interpretated as follows: 1. Experimental specimen 1 aged about 22 months: In comparison with control and right non-chewing side, the proliferative and hypertrophic zone were increased at the mesial and lateral part of left chewing side condyle. There was no change of the articular tissue of temporal bone. 2. Experimental specimen 2 aged about 28 months: The articular tissues of adult joint were observed. The differences between the chewing and non-chewing side were not seen in the articular tissues of condyle and temporal bone.