• Cross-Cultural Studies
• /
• v.45
• /
• pp.433-478
• /
• 2016

This article investigates the role of Japan in Korean consumption of Nordic design. In spite of the development of greater access to wide information and global markets, the popular trends in Korea have been mediated by Japan. The cultural power of Japan comes from otaku subculture. Japanese influence can be discussed by two sides. One is the images or symbols composing the Nordic style in Korea. The other is the way how to consume the Nordic design. Japanese neopop images combined with the Nordic design. Japanese 'slow movie' has combined American Kinfolk style with Nordic style. 'Database consumption' from otaku subcultre conceptualized by Azma Hiroki can be applied to Korean consumption of Nordic design.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.139-161
• /
• 2002

This study investigates the characteristics of Nordic sweaters works from a historical perspective. Specifically, this study deals with the following research topics: 1) development of Nordic sweaters, 2) the characteristics of Nordic sweaters industry according to the change of times, 3) the comparison of local knitting patterns, 4) the symbolic meaning of the designs in the Nordic sweaters and patterns. The results of the study are summarized as follows. 1. Knitted work developed mostly in Northern Europe, a cold area, and the barren, mountainous coastal areas where people frequently used woolen materials for clothes. It was also developed in Scandinavian regions which lead the fashion in modern days. Scandinavian knitting techniques have been diffused into the east coast of England and Northern Europe by Vikings. 2. Scandinavian countries are distinguished from other countries by their conservative but creative cultural tradition. Their knitting patterns are characterized by small geometric figures such as dots, triangles, squares, rhombuses, and crosses used often with stars and roses. Scandinavian knitting is also salient for its vertical stripes and simple motifs repeating at short intervals. 1) Norway ; Simple and geometric Norwegian patterns are classified into three groups of motifs: (a) the motifs of cross, diamond, X, and swastika (equation omitted). (b) the motifs of human figures, animals and birds, (c) floral motifs (especially eight-petal roses). Their use of color is also simple, and is limited to more than two colors. (2) Sweden ; Swedish patterns are colorful and geometric. They are characterized by features such as brocade, complex embroidery, and contrast of red and black colors. They also show Guernsey patterns. Initials and production years were knitted in sweaters which have different patterns in their trunks and sleeves. 3) Denmark ; The Danish pattern is the purl stitch knitted against the stockinette stitch. The technique is used to copy woven damask motifs. The patterns are seen most clearly when they are knit with smooth yarn. The Faeroe sweaters are the representative work of Danish knitting. Faeroe knitting, incorporates stranded pattern and is knit in the round, either with circular needles. 4) Finland ; Finnish patterns are similar to Norwegian patterns. Finnish knitted work show very colorful, variety and free-flowing geometric patterns. 5) Iceland ; Icelandic knitting shows original ribbon pattern. Lope sweater is the representative work. 3. The traditional knitting patterns not only carried symbolic meanings but also served as means of communication. First of all, patterns had incantatory meanings. Patterns were symbolic of one's social standing, too. The colors, motifs and their arrangements were very important features symbolizing one's social position or family line. People often communicated by certain pieces of knitted work or patterns. In short, the knitted work in the Nordic sweaters served the function of admiring the beauty of nature and symbolizing various meanings. The unique designs and colors of the knitted work reflected the characteristics of the culture those works belonged to. This study also turns our attention to the issue of how the traditional colors and designs of the knitted work can contribute to the development of modern designs, and by doing so, if makes us realize the importance of knitted works in modern society.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.31 no.1
• /
• pp.65-75
• /
• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of regular Nordic walking exercise on the physical indicators and subjective happiness of middle-aged rural residents. Methods: A pretest and posttest design with a non-equivalent control group was conducted. The participants of experimental and control group were each 21 subjects from 40 to 64 years old. The Nordic walking exercise program consisted of 24 sessions which were focused on group exercise, and was conducted three times a week for eight weeks. Results: The experimental group showed significant decreases in body mass index (p=.042), body fat (p<.001), and abdominal fat (p=.026). The experimental group showed significant increases in muscle mass of right lower limb (p=.009) and left lower limb (p=.016) but was not statistically significant in right, left upper limbs and body. On the other hand, the control group showed significant decreases in muscle mass of right upper limb (p=.034), left upper limb (p=.038), and body (p=.034). There were no significant differences in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, and subjective happiness between the experimental and the control group. Conclusion: The Nordic walking exercise should be actively encouraged to improve health of the middle-aged in rural area.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.57-68
• /
• 2018

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to classify that the quality factors for comparing the Visegrard Group with the Nordic Council have historical similarities against Germany and the Soviet Union. However, this is because in the integrated European market, the competitiveness possessed by the two groups of countries is invested in the priority order to grow. Research design, data, and methodology - The study was conducted on the research design, and the reason for trying to compare the competence of the automobile industry in the assessment of industrial capability is that the Visegrard Group focuses on automotive production and the Nordic Association focuses on the commercialization of the automobile(market). In this study, searching and quantifying indirect evidence was made through standards are more complementary in Europe since each country acts like the role of the European automotive industry for example, which is different from the realistic evaluation criteria, are more important than those of the United States(first in the world) or Germany(first in Europe). Results - The results of this study are as follows: In the global EV market U.S.(export: $ 2.62 billion /share: 36.7%), Germany($ 1.29 billion /18.1%), France($ 390 million /5.4%), United Kingdom($ 380 million /5.4%), and South Korea($ 320 million/ 4.4%). South Korea's share of the EV market is 4.4%, while TSI reaches at +0.9 which measures the comparative advantage of a specific commodity in the world trade market. There is great potential for evaluated as products processing in export competition. But, commercialization, standardization, and overall market expansion did not have a positive impact on global satisfaction. Conclusions - EVs put importance on various utilities. So this suggests that Korea's exports to the EU, including the Visegrard Group, should be more focused on marketability when illuminating with a sharing industrial system under the European Union. It is necessary to specialize in manufacturing and commercialization by country(region) to prepare sharing economy and blockchain in order to create a smart-sharing city linked on artificial intelligence, as the commercialization of electric vehicles, which will have a larger growth rate than that of manufacturing in the fourth revolutionary era.

• PNF and Movement
• /
• v.17 no.3
• /
• pp.441-450
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study identified the co-activation of quadriceps and hamstring muscles during hamstring strengthening exercises in healthy adults. Methods: Twenty-one participants were required for the present study design to achieve 80% power, 0.8 effect size (η2), and an alpha level of 0.05. Thus, this study recruited 21 healthy adults. All participants performed Nordic exercises, bridge exercises, and one-leg deadlifts randomly. The activity of the rectus femoris, vastus medialis (VM), vastus lateralis (VL), biceps femoris (BF), and semitendinosus (SM) were measured. In addition, the ratios of VM/VL and hamstring/quadriceps (HQ) were measured during the three hamstring strengthening exercises using electromyography. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the co-activation of quadriceps and hamstring muscles in the three exercises. Results: The activity of VM and VL during the performance of one-leg deadlifts was significantly higher than the other two exercises. The BF had significantly higher activity during the Nordic exercises compared to the other two exercises. In addition, the SM activation was significantly greater during Nordic exercises than one-leg deadlifts. Additionally, there was significant difference in HQ ratio among hamstring strengthening exercises. In specific, the one-leg deadlifts yielded a significantly lower HQ ratio. Conclusion: This study revealed that one-leg deadlifts are effective in rehabilitation for anterior cruciate ligament injury. In addition, Nordic exercises can be recommended to facilitate hamstring muscle activation.

• International Journal of Costume and Fashion
• /
• v.4
• /
• pp.1-20
• /
• 2004

Finland, the small Nordic country, far from anywhere, just happens to be one of the most modern and technologically advanced nations in the world. It is also the home of several leading global brands in their fields. Among these belong for example Nokia, Kone Elevators, and Metso Paper. This strange, cold country with its by reputation reserved and introvert Arctic people, manages to operate smoothly in the global village； in business, technology and also world politics. People from all over the world want go to Finland to study and work, knowing a lot about the clean, green, spacious country with extensive social security, equal women and general well-being.

• 한국사회정책
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.69-96
• /
• 2013

This paper is to critically review the economic reasoning of non-sustainability of welfare state due to its intrinsic incentive problems and to see how the nordic welfare state responds to them. The welfare state as a political design of state to pursue equality has social insurance as its main economic function. It survives market failure of private insurance to contribute to human capital investment and industrial restructuring. The universal tax-financed welfare state, however, has the problem of tragedy of commons such as reduced work incentive and work ethics. But, the existing nordic welfare state overcomes it through employment-focused policy arrangements, maintenance of work ethics and benefits moral, incentive mechanism of wage-compression, public educational investment and its complementation with social security. The Nordic model shows that problems of incentive and moral are not about those of theory and reasoning, but about their reality which policies and institutions could respond to.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
• /
• v.13 no.1
• /
• pp.36-42
• /
• 2024

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of hamstring eccentric exercise on pain and functional activity in patients with chronic low back pain. Design: Randomized controlled trial Methods: Participants comprised 27 subjects with back pain persisting for 3 months. They were randomly assigned to the experimental group (Eccentric exercise: n=13) and the control group (Stretching: n=14). The experimental group performed gastrocnemius, iliopsoas, and quadratus lumborum stretching along with hamstring eccentric exercise, while the control group engaged in the same stretches along with hamstring stretching. The eccentric exercise for the hamstrings was Nordic curl exercise. Each group practiced for 1 hour a day, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. Pain, disability index, balance, and hamstring length were measured. Results: Significant differences were observed in the comparison of changes in back pain, back disability index, and hamstring length before and after exercise within each group (p<0.05). The balance ability of the experimental group showed a difference before and after exercise (p<0.05), whereas no significant difference in the control group. There were no significant differences in back pain and hamstring length between the groups. Changes in back disability index and balance ability significantly increased in the experimental group compared to the control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: Hamstring eccentric exercise using Nordic curls has a positive effect on back pain, back disability index, balance ability, and hamstring length changes.

• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.1-6
• /
• 2012

Purpose : The current research examines the muscle activity that happens during scaling practice subject to 20 dental hygienic students with musculoskeletal pain and then propose a basic data according to the working attitude of the Dental Hygienist. Method : The Nordic-style questionnaire is used to define experimental group with musculoskeletal pain and control group. During the scaling the surface EMG device is used to measure the muscle activity of experimental and control group. Study design : The surface EMG is measure RMS(root mean square) of suboccipital muscle, biceps brachii, upper trapezius, and brachioradialis muscle activity. Results : In the experimental group, the RMS of upper trapezius and brachioradialis is increased during scaling practice(p<0.05), but the control group's RMS is not changed(p>0.05). Conclusion : Musculoskeletal pain may contribute to increase muscle activity of neck & arm during scaling practice. In the future we think there is a need to raise the office efficiency by subjecting to dental hyginiest that are in the clinics and performing experiments.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
• /
• v.5 no.3
• /
• pp.1-11
• /
• 2017

E-infrastructural economy for ICT Living-Labs is a need for economic and cultural changes in various types of cars in accordance with the supply of the electric car. Depending on the number of cases by analyzing the supply and demand of electric vehicles among Korea and Northern Europe countries. it was indirectly proved that it makes economic growth. The research design is analyzed with the data and how to respond quickly to focus on the possibility of potential changes to the infrastructure realization and commercialization of government enterprises or electric cars through the ICT Living-Labs in Nordic countries. The data indicates that the leading commercialization emphasize on the development of the electric economic convergence and scalability for electric vehicle. When It shows the time of the infrastructure as ICT Living-Labs being delayed, it lowered growth target results for the development of the electric car industry in the future. All this is from the reason of opening the E-convergence economy over time. It is required that Korea should prepare E-convergence economy. Public regional energy should be present through the consistent selection of development for energy linking E-economy and E-trans distribution. Korea needs to be many difficulties in building the E- infrastructure for ICT Living-Labs. Unlike the Northern Europe it is to prepare the active support of both government and business. The role of the government discovers that the power generation through the quick selection of the industry, as well as to connect with the growth of the smart cities with the EVs industry.