• 아동학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.1-25
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among infants' nonverbal communication, maternal verbal behaviors and the infants' acquisition of vocabulary. The subjects were 93 pairs of 10 to 18 months old infants and their mothers residing in the Seoul and GyeongGi-Do area. The results were as follows : (1) In terms of the infants' nonverbal communicative means, it appeared that the group of 16~18 month olds utilized more gesture and vocalization. As regards the infants' nonverbal communicative functions in terms of social behavior and joint attention, the group of 16~18 month olds was found to perform more of the behaviors from this category than the other groups. There was a significant difference in the maternal verbal behavior among the different age groups. (2) Among the infants' nonverbal communicative means, gesture and vocalization, there appeared to be a significant relationship between vocalization and the infants' acquisition of vocabulary. In addition, there was an important relationship between the high usage of infants' nonverbal communicative functions with behavior regulation and the high usage of joint attention and the successful acquisition of vocabulary among infants. (3) Social play, which is a maternal verbal behavior categorized as one of the strategies for getting infants' attention, was significantly related to the acquisition of infants' vocabulary. (4) When mothers used more imitating sounds and mimetic words, requests for information, descriptions, conventional social expressions, and imitation to enhance responsiveness, infants were found to have acquired a larger vocabulary.

• 기호학연구
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• 제56호
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• pp.109-136
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• 2018

본 연구는 셔레이드에서 발견되는 비언어 기호의 서사적 상관성을 살펴보는 것에 목적이 있다. 셔레이드는 비언어 기호들을 사용해 인물의 심리 변화, 타인과의 관계, 인물이 머무는 장소 등에 대한 정보를 제공한다. 이때 셔레이드에 관한 연구는 비언어기호를 통한 메시지의 전달뿐만 아니라 의미작용 또한 고려하여 접근해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 영화 <캐롤(Carol)>(2015)에 대한 서사기호학적 접근을 통해 내러티브를 분석하고, 주체의 행동을 촉발시키는 주체의 형성 과정을 살펴보았다. 이때 여성의 지위는 미장센을 통해 드러난다는 점에서, 미장센 영역에 속하는 셔레이드를 통해 이를 살펴보고자 하였다. 본 연구에서는 비언어 커뮤니케이션 이론을 토대로 하여 셔레이드에서 사용되는 비언어 기호들을 도출하였다. 이에 근거해 텍스트를 분석한 결과, 특히 여성 주체들의 지위를 표현하는 과정에서는 실내 장식의 활용이 돋보였다. 여성 주체들의 권력의 획득을 나타내는 과정에서는 응시의 사용이 두드러졌다. 그 외에도 액세서리, 영역, 제스처와 같은 비언어 기호의 사용도 주목할 만한 것이었음을 밝힌다. 이러한 비언어 기호들은 주체의 형성과 서사적 변형을 구상화하는데 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 확인할 수 있다.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.51-60
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate gifted students' verbal-nonverbal interactions in small grouped classes and to classify them into characteristics. For this study, an instrument to measure gifted student's verbal-nonverbal interactions was developed. The subjects were 16 students of 5th and 6th grades at H-area gifted center in rural area. Video recorded was classified each 5minutes by researchers. The results were as follows; First, verbal interactions were about 27% and non-verbal interactions were about 73%. Activities unrelated to learning were about 20%. Second, high achievement gifted students enjoyed verbal interactions including discussions. Third, gifted students can be classified 3 types(Spoken-centered, Written-centered and Played-centered) by interactions. The results revealed that gifted student's verbal-nonverbal interactions played an important role in communication between students and teacher as well as students. Small-grouped instructions according to characteristic and levels of gifted students are needed in gifted science education.

• 품질경영학회지
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.201-218
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• 2015

Purpose: This study surveyed the effects of instructors' verbal and nonverbal communication quality on students' learning flow and satisfaction. We divided the two types of communication into sub-factors - verbal communication into language, and nonverbal communication into kinesics, proxemics, paralanguage and physical appearance - to examine the causal relationship between learning flow and learning satisfaction. Methods: This study was conducted on the students (parents) of a paid early childhood education program run by "I" company located in Seoul, from November 12, 2014 to November 18, 2014. A total of 317 (90.5 %, effective) questionnaires were collected and analyzed using SPSS 18.0 and AMOS 18.0. Results: First, the verbal communication of the lecturers was found to have significantly positive (+) effects on learning satisfaction. Second, among the nonverbal communications, proxemics and physical appearance were found to have positive (+) effects on learning flow. Third, among the nonverbal communications, proxemics was found to have positive (+) effects on learning satisfaction. Fourth, the learning flow of students was found to have positive (+) effects on learning satisfaction. Conclusion: This study's findings can contribute to realizing desirable communication between instructors and students.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제16권5호
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• pp.87-103
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• 2020

Objective: This study controlled the SES(Socio Economic Status) in order to compare the influence of infants' nonverbal communication ability and teachers' sensitivity on the infants' adjustment to child care centers. Methods: For this study, data was collected 115 mothers with one-year-olds'(58 boys, 57 girls) and from 115 teachers from fourty-eight child care centers located in Seoul and Gyeonggi Provincet data. The collected data were analyzed by correlation analysis, hierarchical multiple regression analysis using the SPSS 23.0 program. The results of this study are as follows. Results: First, infants' adjustment to child care centers showed a statistically significant relationship with infants' nonverbal communication ability and teachers' sensitivity. Second, among the variables explaining infants' adjustment to child care centers, the effect of teachers' sensitivity was higher than the effect of infants' nonverbal communication ability. Conclusion/Implications: This study confirmed that teachers' sensitivity is a strong factor explaining infants' adjustment to child care centers. We also emphasized the importance of the role of teachers, providing basic data on the development of education for child care teachers and education for improving sensitivity.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제46권6호
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• pp.1161-1179
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• 2022

In this study, the effects of show host's verbal communication subfactors, such as paralanguage, friendliness, and professionalism, as well as nonverbal communication subfactors, such as demonstration attitude, appearance, and attractiveness, on purchase intention were examined by evaluating customer empathy and product reliability. Data was collected from 20s-50s females. SPSS 23.0 and AMOS 23.0 were used for data analysis. The results revealed that professionalism and friendliness had a positive impact on customer empathy; however, friendliness had a negative impact on product reliability. Moreover, nonverbal communication subfactors had a positive impact on empathy, and appearance had a positive impact on product reliability. In contrast, attractiveness had a negative impact on product reliability, whereas empathy and product reliability had a positive impact on purchase intention. Thus, ensuring appropriate verbal and nonverbal communication is essential for customer empathy and product reliability. Given that a show host's friendliness, professional verbal communication, demonstration attitude, appearance, and attractiveness have a positive impact on customer empathy, these factors should be considered critical qualities of show hosts.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2013

지금까지 서비스 제공자의 커뮤니케이션에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되어왔다. 하지만 각 커뮤니케이션 요인 간의 밀접한 상호 영향 관계에 대한 좀 더 명확한 규명을 위해서는 구두적 커뮤니케이션과 함께 비구두적 커뮤니케이션에 대한 연구가 보다 활발하게 이루어져야 한다. 본 연구는 서비스 회복단계에서 서비스 제공자의 비구두적 요인(Nonverbal attributes)들이 고객평가에 어떻게 영향을 미치는지 살펴보고자 하였다. 연구 결과를 살펴보면, 첫째, 만족에 대한 분석 결과, 신체 언어가 높고 외모적 언어가 낮은 집단이 신체 언어가 낮고 외모적 언어가 높은 집단보다 더 만족에 영향을 미친다고 확인 되었다. 즉, 서비스 회복단계에서 접점 서비스 제공자의 신체 언어가 외모적 언어보다 만족에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 재이용 의도에 대한 분석 결과, 신체 언어가 낮고 외모적 언어가 높은 집단이 신체언어가 높고 외모적 언어가 낮은 집단보다 재이용 의도에 영향을 미친다고 확인 되었다. 즉, 서비스 회복단계에서 접점 서비스 제공자의 외모적 언어가 신체 언어보다 재이용 의도에 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 추천 의도에 대한 분석 결과, 신체 언어가 높고 외모적 언어가 낮은 집단이 신체 언어가 낮고 외모적 언어가 높은 집단 간의 차이가 나지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 즉, 서비스 회복 단계에서 접점 서비스 제공자의 외모적 언어와 신체 언어는 추천 의도에 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과를 바탕으로 서비스 제공자의 비구두적 요인의 중요성을 살펴보았다.

• 보건의료산업학회지
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• 제9권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2015

Patients unable to speak are at higher risk for untreated pain. Use of valid behavioral and physiologic measures for pain is highly recommended for uncommunicative patients. This study was performed to compare the reliability and validity of NVPS-K and CPOT-K for pain assessment of nonverbal patients. This study was conducted from July to November 2011. A total of 29 nonverbal adult patients admitted to a university hospital intensive care unit participated in this study. Interrater reliability of the NVPS-K and CPOT-K had intermediate to high intraclass correlation coefficients (NVPS-K 0.680 ~ 0.921, CPOT-K 0.710 ~ 0.896). Discriminant validity was supported with higher instrument scores during turning and endotracheal suctioning than that of NIBP. For criterion validity, the NVPS-K scores were correlated to the self-reported pain of the patients but not the CPOT-K scores. The areas under the ROC curve for the NVPS-K and CPOT-K were 0.748 and 0.696 with cutoff points of 1 and 2, respectively. Thus, the NVPS-K and CPOT-K had a sensitivity and specificity of 94.7% and 45.0%, and 60.5% and 75.0%, respectively. The NVPS-K and CPOT-K are reliable and valid tools to assess pain in nonverbal patient and thus, are recommended for the assessment of the pain in nonverbal patients.

• 한국초등과학교육학회지:초등과학교육
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• 제41권2호
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• pp.418-431
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• 2022

이 연구에서는 2015 개정 교육과정에 따른 초등학교 과학 디지털교과서의 물질 영역에 제시된 외적 표상의 양식과 제시 방법, 상호작용성을 분석하였다. 선행연구의 분석틀을 본 연구의 맥락에 맞게 수정·보완하여 사용하였으며, 3~6학년 디지털 과학교과서에서 물질 영역을 다루는 단원을 '본문'과 '탐구'로 구분하여 분석하였다. 분석 결과, 외적 표상의 양식은 시각언어 표상과 시각비언어 표상이 가장 많이 제시되었으며, 청각비언어 표상은 본문에만 높은 빈도로 제시되고 청각언어 표상은 본문과 탐구 전체에서 낮은 빈도로 제시되었다. 제시 방법 측면에서 언어적 표상과 시각비언어 표상이 함께 나타난 경우에는 대부분 시각언어 표상과 시각비언어 표상이 함께 제시되었다. 시각언어 표상, 청각언어 표상, 시각비언어 표상이 함께 제시된 경우 중 일부에서 시각언어 표상과 청각언어 표상의 정보가 중복적으로 제시되었다. 그리고 내용과 관계없는 청각비언어 표상이 다른 외적 표상들과 함께 제시되었으며, 그 빈도는 특히 본문에서 높았다. 근접성 측면에서 시각언어 표상과 시각비언어 표상이 다른 페이지에 배치되는 경우는 없었고, 청각언어 표상을 시각비언어 표상과 다른 시점에 제시하는 경우도 없었다. 상호작용성 측면에서는 설명적 피드백과 낮은 수준의 조작이 주로 나타났다. 이상의 결과를 바탕으로 다중 표상 학습의 관점에서 디지털교과서를 개선하기 위한 방안을 논의하였다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.381-398
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• 1990

Nursing involves deep human interpersonal relationships between nurses and patients. But in modem Korea, the nurse - patient relationship tends to be ritualistic and mechanestic. Patients usually express the hope that nurses be more tender and kind. Patients expect nurses to express their warmth especially through nonverbal behaviour. This study was conducted to identify patients' preferences for nurse's nonverbal expressions of warmth. Through the confirmation of these preferences, nurses may learn how to enhance their interpersonal relationships with patients. Subjects for the study were 73 patients who had been admitted to a university teaching hospital for at least three days and agreed to be interviewed by the investigator. The interactions were studied nonverbal expressions of warmth during nursing rounds and administration of oral medication. The interview schedule was expecially designed by the investigator to measure the nurse's posture, the distance between the nurse and the patient, the nurse's eye contact, facial expression, hand motion and head nodding. Data analysis included frequencies, percentages and X²-test. The results of this study may be summerized as follows : 1. Patient's preferences for nurse's nonverbal expressions of warmth during nursing rounds. Preferred nurse's posture was sitting(50.7%) or standing(49.3%) opposite the patient. Preferred distance between the nurse and the patient was close to the bed(93.2%), less than 1m. Preferred eye contact was directed to the patient's eyes or their affected part (41.1%). Preferred facial expression was a smile(97.3%). Preferred hand motions were light gestures(41.1%). Patients preferred head nodding which approved their own opinions(69.9%). 2. Patient's preferences for nurse's nonverval expressions of warmth during administration of oral medication. Preferred nurse's posture was standing and waiting to confirm that the medication had been taken(58.9%). Preferred distance from the patient was at arm's length, 0.5-1m(64.4%). Patients preferred direct eye contact(58.9%) and a smile(94.5%). Patients preferred that the nurse put the medicine directly the patient's hand(64.4%). Whether the nurse nodded her head or not was not considered important. 3. The relation of general characteristics and patient's preferences for nurse's nonverbal expressions of warmth during nursing rounds and administration of oral medication. During nursing rounds, the age of subjects(p＝0.010) and the standard of education(p＝0.026) related to the distance between the nurse and the patient. The sick hospital ward related to the eye contact(p＝0.017) and facial expression(p＝0.010). During administration of oral medication, the age of subjects(p＝0.044) and days of hospital treatment (p＝0.043) and the sick hospital ward(p＝0.0004) related to the facial expression. From this study, nurses can learn what kind nonverbal expressions of warmth are preferred by patients during rounds and administration and thus will enhance nurse- patient interpersonal relationships.