• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제26권5호
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• pp.595-606
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• 2018

A calculation method was presented to calculate the deflection of GFRP-concrete-steel beams with full or partial shear connections. First, the sectional analysis method was improved by considering concrete nonlinearity and shear connection stiffness variation along the beam direction. Then the equivalent slip strain was used to take into consideration of variable cross-sections. Experiments and nonlinear finite element analysis were performed to validate the calculation method. The experimental results showed the deflection of composite beams could be accurately predicted by using the theoretical model or the finite element simulation. Furthermore, more finite element models were established to verify the accuracy of the theoretical model, which included different GFRP plates and different numbers of shear connectors. The theoretical results agreed well with the numerical results. In addition, parametric studies using theoretical method were also performed to find out the effect of parameters on the deflection. Based on the parametric studies, a simplified calculation formula of GFRP-concrete-steel composite beam was exhibited. In general, the calculation method could provide a more accurate theoretical result without complex finite element simulation, and serve for the further study of continuous GFRP-concrete-steel composite beams.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1988

사하중과 단조 활하중을 받고 있는 철근콘크리트판에 대한 일반적인 유한요소 해석방법을 개발하였다. 이 방법을 통하여 탄성, 비탄성 및 극한범위에서 하중-변형 응답과 균열전파를 추적할 수 있었고 또한 응답 경로를 통하여 콘크리트와 철근의 내부응력을 결정할 수 있었다. 면내응력과 휨응력간의 상호작용을 고려하는 층분할된 8 절점 등매개변수 요소를 개발하였다. 수치해를 구하는 방법은 접선증분 강성도법을 이용하였다. 본 해법에 대한 유효성을 검토하기 위하여 다른 해석결과들과 비교하였다.

• 대한토목학회논문집
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.11-20
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• 1992

지진이나 바람과 같은 횡방향 하중이 가해졌을 때, 일반적으로 수직한 촉에 대해서만 대칭인 단면을 갖는 교량의 주형에는 횡방향 휨에 결합된 비틂이 유발되어 특히 사장교의 케이블등에는 예상치 못했던 추가응력이 유발될 수 있다. 이러한 거동은 일반적인 뼈대요소로는 해석할 수 없으므로, 임의의 단면 형상을 갖는 기하학적 비선형 3차원 뼈대요소를 사용하여야 한다. 본 연구에서 사용한 뼈대요소의 이론적인 배경과 검증은 이전에 발표된 논문에 수록되어 있다. 본 논문에서는 주형단면의 비대칭성을 고려한 지진해석을 수행하여 휨-비틂 결합작용에 의한 거동을 연구한다.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제24권9호
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• pp.2201-2210
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• 2000

Vibration of a rotating disk-spindle system is analyzed by using Hamilton's principle, FEM and substructure synthesis. A rotating disk undergoes the rigid body motion and the elastic deformation. It s equation of motion is derived by Kirchhoff plate theory and von Karman nonlinear strain. A rotating shaft is described by Rayleigh beam theory considering the axial rigid body motion. The stationay shaft supporting the rotating disk-spindle-bearing system is modeled by Euler beam theory, and the stiffness of ball bearing is determined by A.B.Jones' theory. FEM is used to solve the derived governing equations, and substructure synthesis is introduced to assemble each structure of the rotating disk-spindle system. The developed theory is applied to the spindle system of a 35' computer hard disk drive with 3 disks to verify the simulation results. The simulation results agree very well with the experimental ones. The proposed theory may be effectively expanded to the complex structure of a disk-spindle system.

• 한국소음진동공학회논문집
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2008

General coil spring has linearity. However, disc spring has non-linearity so that using this non-linearity disc spring can be designed to do shock-absorbing in cases we need because shock response also has non-linearity. By changing the shape and stacking number, it is satisfactory with response of displacement, velocity and acceleration. Conventionally, disc spring was used to control the vibration against huge load and limited space. However, it is limitedly used because of difficulty of the designing guidance. Therefore, disc spring is needed to study further in order to apply it widely. Response of disc spring is compared to response of coil spring by changing $h_o/t$ ratio with computer simulation and the usage of disc spring is increased through analysis of effect of design factors. The purpose of this paper is that the shock response of disc spring is calculated through numerical simulation and effect of $h_o/t$ and stiffness is analyzed to broad usage so that design factor of disc spring is presented.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권10호
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• pp.118-125
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• 1999

In the grinding process, generally, the exciting forces with high frequency can be generated due to the wheel wear and the grinding process. As the grinding speed increases, the precise investigation about the wheel dynamic characteristics is required. Conventionally the wheel-spindle has been considered with lumped model in dynamic modeling. With this lumped model, the significant mode resulted from the shell mode of wheel can be readily ignored. This paper suggests the new analysis model which includes the shell mode of wheel in modeling the wheel-spindle assembly. Furthermore, based on the suggested model, the effects of the bolt tightening force and the taper tightening force on the dynamic properties are investigated by the finite element modal analysis and the experimental method. As a result of investigation, the shell mode vibration of wheel affects the dynamic characteristics of the spindle assembly. Also, the vibration modes of the spindle assembly are significantly affected by the joint tightening forces.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.571-587
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• 2020

In this article the seismic demand and performance of two recent braced steel frames named steel moment frames with the elliptic bracing (ELBRFs) are assessed through a laboratory program and numerical analyses of FEM. Here, one of the specimens is without connecting bracket from the corner of the frame to the elliptic brace (ELBRF-E), while the other is with the connecting brackets (ELBRF-B). In both the elliptic braced moment resisting frames (ELBRFs), in addition to not having any opening space problem in the bracing systems when installed in the surrounding frames, they improve structure's behavior. The experimental test is run on ½ scale single-story single-bay ELBRF specimens under cyclic quasi-static loading and compared with X-bracing and SMRF systems in one story base model. This system is of appropriate stiffness and a high ductility, with an increased response modification factor. Moreover, its energy dissipation is high. In the ELBRF bracing systems, there exists a great interval between relative deformation at the yield point and maximum relative deformation after entering the plastic region. In other words, the distance from the first plastic hinge to the collapse of the structure is fairly large. The experimental outcomes here, are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions.

• 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집
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• 제14권6호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

본 논문에서는 상부구조에 있어서 보-기둥 강성비 변화에 따른 골조의 특성과 상부구조와 면진층 간의 진동주기비에 따른 면진효과를 분석해 보고, 상부골조의 주기와 목표 면진주기의 설정에 따라 면진효과가 어떻게 달라지는가에 대한 정보를 제공하여 향후 면진건물을 설계하기 위한 기본계획을 세우는데 있어서 필요한 기초 자료를 제공하고자 한다. 그 결과 건물골조의 경우 유효한 면진효과를 얻기 위해서는 최소한 상부구조의 고유진동주기 대비 2.5배 이상의 면진주기를 확보하고, 목표 면진주기를 2.0초 이상으로 설정하여 설계할 것을 추천한다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.95-106
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• 2020

Castellated beams fabricated from standard I-sections are being used for several structural applications such as commercial and industrial buildings, multistory buildings, warehouses and portal frames in view of numerous advantages. The advantages include enhanced moment of inertia, stiffness, flexural resistance, reduction in weight of structure, by passing the used plate girders, the passage of service through the web openings etc. In the present study, experimental and numerical investigations were carried out on concrete encased steel castellated beams with hexagonal openings under flexural loading. Various positions of openings such as along the neutral axis, above the neutral axis and below the neutral axis were considered for the study. From the experimental findings, it has been observed that the load-carrying capacity of the castellated beam with web opening above neutral axis is found to be higher compared to other configurations. Nonlinear finite element analysis was performed by using general purpose finite element software ABAQUS considering the material nonlinearities. Concrete damage plasticity model was employed to model the nonlinearity of concrete and elasto-plastic model for steel. It has been observed that FE model could able to capture the behaviour of concrete encased steel castellated beams and the predicted values are in good agreement with the corresponding experimental values.

• Earthquakes and Structures
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• 제1권3호
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• pp.269-287
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• 2010

High-strength concrete (HSC) is becoming more popular in the construction of beams and columns of tall buildings because of its higher stiffness and strength-to-weight ratio. However, as HSC is more brittle than normal-strength concrete (NSC), it may adversely affect the flexural ductility and deformability of concrete members. Extended from a series of theoretical study conducted on flexural ductility of concrete beams, the authors would in this paper investigate the effects of some critical factors including the degree of reinforcement, confining pressure, concrete and steel yield strength on the flexural deformability of NSC and HSC beams. The deformability, expressed herein in terms of normalised rotation capacity defined as the product of ultimate curvature and effective depth, is investigated by a parametric study using nonlinear moment-curvature analysis. From the results, it is evident that the deformability of concrete beams increases as the degree of reinforcement decreases and/or confining pressure increases. However, the effects of concrete and steel yield strength are more complicated and dependent on other factors. Quantitative analysis of all these effects on deformability of beams has been carried out and formulas for direct deformability evaluation are developed. Lastly, the proposed formulas are compared with available test results to verify its applicability.