• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2016

Geographic information system (GIS) based renewable energy resource map including potential analysis can play a crucial role not only to develop the national plan for renewable energy deployment but also to make strategic investment decision in the private sector. Korea Institute of Energy Research (KIER) has been developing domestic maps about several resources such as solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal, as well as conducting research on methodologies for potential analysis. Furthermore, the institute is trying to transfer related technologies and know-how to foreign countries, recently. In this context, the main purpose of this study is to introduce the business model of renewable energy resource map. From the value chain analysis, we focus on the government-side market in foreign countries, such as the development of the national level renewable energy resource map and the support of the national renewable energy plan. For about 180 countries, we segment the customers according to the consideration of economic capacity, renewable energy resource capacity, existence of renewable resource map, current portion of renewable energy facility capacity, and renewable energy policies, and we conclude that the target customers are non-Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (non-OECD) countries or some OECD countries, their per capita GDP are under the average among OECD countries, that do not have renewable resource map yet. We segment the target customers into four groups, and suggest different strategies for market positioning and financing strategy based on Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats (SWOT) analysis. This study can help to develop the business strategy about the development of renewable energy resource map in foreign countries.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.727-745
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• 2015

This paper analyzes the firms' optimization behavior in response to rising demand for non-priced renewable energy in the manufacturing industries by using an input distance function. The annual estimates of the shadow price of renewable energy is derived and the trend of its shadow price over time is analyzed. The degree of substitution of renewable energy for fossil-fuels is examined. The input-based Malmquist productivity index, defined as a composite of the technical efficiency and technical change measures, is measured. The contribution of renewable energy input growth to the Malmquist index is analyzed. Empirical results indicate that the shadow price of renewable energy declined at an average annual rate of 17% over the period 1992-2012. Substitutability between renewable energy and fossil-fuels was limited. On average, a 1% increase in renewable energy would decrease Malmquist index by 0.04% per year.

• New & Renewable Energy
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• v.2 no.1 s.5
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• pp.66-71
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• 2006

CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) is one of three Kyoto mechanisms. As a non-annex I party of UNFCCC, Korea can host CDM projects. Currently eight CDM projects are hosted in Korea under Kyoto protocol. Six of these CDM projects are related to renewable energy power generation. Renewable energy power plants assumes zero GHGs emission and has great potential to become COM projects which is very environmental friendly energy. Gangwon wind park CDM project is the first renewable CDM project in Korea. In this research, emission factors and additionality proving process are studied, which are important procedures of doing CDM project.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.577-584
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• 2005

There are many activities involved in promoting renewable energy technologies. These include governments, the renewable energy manufacturing and service industries, energy supply companies, investors, researchers, non-government organizations and customers. For a sustainable renewable energy market, finding a promising industry is essential. The industry has made significant progress in recent years, considering the fact that today's renewable energy market is relatively small. This paper analyses the technology market of renewable energy, focusing on photovoltaic system, fuel cell, wind system. It appears that there has been remarkable progress in renewable energy systems. Besides, developed countries are effectively increasing the share of niche market and promoting renewable energy worldwide.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.298-303
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• 2006

CDM(Clean Development Mechanism) is one of three Kyoto mechanisms. As a non-annex I party of UNFCCC, Korea can host CDM projects. Currently eight CDM projects are hosted in Korea under Kyoto protocol. Six of these CDM projects are related to renewable energy power generation. Renewable energy power plants assumes zero GHGs emission and has great potential to become CDM projects which is very environmental friendly energy Gangwon wind park CDM project is the first renewable CDM project in Korea. In this research, emission factors and additionality proving process are studied, which are important procedures of doing CDM project.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2011.11a
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• pp.99-104
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• 2011

This paper describes a design strategy at conceptual design stage using RETScreen software tool for building application of renewable energy resources. Currently, government and public buildings are required to adopt renewable energy systems with a minimum requirement for the amount of renewable energy supply. Meanwhile, there is a certificate program for private office buildings to enhance propagation of renewable energy systems. When considering application of renewable energy systems to a building, it is worthwhile developing a method to determine optimal design sizes of renewable energy systems. In the paper, a design strategy is introduced with a couple of case studies to determine optimal capacities of each renewable energy system in a building and suggest to use the method to evaluate the system for the building certificate program and the mandatory renewable target program. Objective functions considered in the study are initial system cost and reduction of CO2 emissions from the system. In the optimization study, it is assumed that solar thermal collectors are installed to satisfy solar fraction of 60%. Other renewable energy systems such as ground-source heat pump, solar PV and non-renewable systems such as electric chiller and gas-fired boiler are sized using an optimal sizing method with RETScreen suggested the authors previously.

• Current Photovoltaic Research
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.182-188
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• 2014

For the dissemination of new and renewable energy, Korean government introduced a renewable portfolio standard (RPS) scheme in 2012 after terminating feed-in tariff (FIT) scheme that was introduced in 2004. With the RPS scheme, 64.7% of its own goal (95.7% in PV and 63.3% in non-PV) was achieved in 2012 and 67.2% of that (94.9% in PV, 65% in non-PV) was achieved in 2013. The deployment of PV systems met the goal very well and that of non-PV did not. Recently, Korean government revised the target year of supplying 10% electricity from new and renewable energy from 2022 to 2024 and released a couple of measures on PV area. Recent studies showed that the bankability of a project plays a key role for PV dissemination. Therefore, the dissemination should be assessed from the point of bankability under the RPS scheme and a little adjustment is necessary to achieve the goal. Especially, installing a small size PV (<100 kwp) system needs a minimum REC price or a FIT scheme. In non-PV area, permission process is a common bottleneck and the related regulation should be eased. In addition, to achieve the long term goal, an implementing scenario has to be prepared. Currently, the portion of the waste-gas energy originated from fossil fuel is too large among the new and renewable energy sources and the portion should be lowered or eliminated in the 10% of electricity supply goal. Seoul Metropolitan Government (SMG) has its own FIT scheme for PV dissemination from 2014 SMG and revised the PV tariff from 50 to 100 won/kwh in effective of 2015. It is worth to spread the other provinces.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.33 no.6
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• pp.98-104
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• 2013

At the moment, in Korea, over 90% of energy resources depend on imports, and nearly 60% of electric energy is produced using fossil fuel. Therefore, the government adopted the Climatic Change Convention and has implemented the RPS system since 2012 to actively cope with the dependence on imported energy, and to grow and expand the new renewable energy industry. This study examined the performance results of mandatory supply of solar photovoltaic energy and non-solar photovoltaic energy assigned to providers and the present state after implementation of the RPS system. As a result, the achievement rate in 2012 was 64.7%. Especially, solar photovoltaic energy showed a high achievement rate of 95.7%, whereas non-solar photovoltaic energy showed a low achievement rate of 63.3% due to several problems and was highly dependent on the government. In 2013, the burden of each provider has increased due to more mandatory supply and addition of unfulfilled supply of 2012, and the separate mandatory supply of solar photovoltaic energy established for protection of the solar photovoltaic market is restricting investment. Therefore, there is a need to assign mandatory supply in consideration of the available amount of each new renewable energy.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.215-221
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• 2024

The government is encouraging the expansion of renewable energy facilities through national renewable energy policy. However, the installation of renewable energy generation facilities has led to local resident complaints due to landscape degradation, electromagnetic wave emission, real estate devaluation, and environmental pollution. This creates conflicts between power project developers and residents, making the progress of projects more difficult. This study applies non-cooperative game theory to analyze eight cases of renewable energy projects where conflicts between developers and residents were resolved through resident's investment participation. By accepting investments from local stakeholders, residents achieved returns ranging from a maximum of 25 % to a minimum of 4.1 %. It was found through game theory analysis that a dominant strategy involves residents agreeing to the development of the project and the developers sharing a portion of the profits with the residents. The analysis results show that the point where dominant strategy meet forms a Nash equilibrium, and at the same time becomes the Pareto optimal point, benefiting both power generation operators and residents.

• Journal of Korea Trade
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.1-19
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• 2022

Purpose - This paper analyzes the economic and non-economic factors that contribute to environmental sustainability by reducing CO₂ emissions, based on G20 panel data. Design/methodology - We conduct a comparative analysis of advanced and developing economies during 1995-2016. To examine the impact, an environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) model was employed, incorporating additional explanatory variables such as internet use, renewable energy, and services trade. Findings - The empirical findings show the existence of an inverted U-shaped EKC phenomenon between GDP per capita and CO₂ emissions in G20 economies, with the turning point at a per capita GDP level of US$ 38,340. Moreover, an inverted U-shape relation exists between internet use and CO₂ emissions, with the turning point at a 44% internet use rate. The comparative analysis show that the inverted U-shape curve only exits in advanced economies, with turning points of US$ 42,356 per capita GDP and 27% internet use rate, respectively. Renewable energy and services trade have a greater negative impact on CO₂ emissions in advanced economies than in developing economies. Originality/value - Renewable energy and services trade have a greater negative impact on CO₂ emissions in advanced economies than in developing economies. Overall, the results suggest the role of internet use, renewable energy and services trade in sustainable development in G20 countries.