• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.194-197
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• 2021

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common disorder in reproductive-age women. In 2018, an international evidence-based guideline announced recommendations spanning a wide range of issues on the assessment and management of PCOS. From the 166 recommendations, the present study reviews those that are of particular clinical relevance for daily practice and introduces other relevant studies that have been published since the global guideline. The 2018 guideline increased the antral follicle count cutoff for the diagnosis of PCOS from 12 to 20 when using a high-frequency probe. Hirsutism was defined as having a score of ≥4-6 based on a lower percentile of 85%-90% or cluster analysis, which was lower than the traditionally used 95th percentile-based cutoff. The diagnosis of PCOS in adolescents is challenging, and irregular menstruation was defined carefully according to years from menarche. The use of ultrasonography for the diagnosis of PCOS was restricted to those 8 years after menarche. As medication for non-fertility indications, combined oral contraceptives are the first-line drug. Metformin, in addition to lifestyle modifications, should be considered for adult patients with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m² for the management of weight and metabolic outcomes. An aromatase inhibitor is the recommended first-line medication for ovulation induction, a subsequent individual patient data meta-analysis also reported the same conclusion. Whether the new global guideline will be fully adopted by many specialists and change clinical practice is open to question. Further studies are needed to better understand and manage PCOS patients well.

• 아태비즈니스연구
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• 제11권3호
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• pp.137-151
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• 2020

Purpose - The purpose of this study is to investigate whether financial analysts' cash flow forecasts mitigate the accrual anomaly. In addition, we examine whether the more accurate analysts' cash flow forecasts are the greater the decline of the accrual anomaly. Design/methodology/approach - Data used in the empirical tests are extracted through KIS-VALUE and FN-GUIDE, and the sample consists of firms listed on Korea Stock Exchange for 7 years from 2005 to 2011. We test the hypotheses using multiple regression analysis and we also estimate the regressions with the decile ranks of the explanatory variables to minimize the influence of outliers. Findings - We have failed to capture evidence that the provision of financial analysts' cash flow forecasts itself reduces the accrual anomaly. However, we find the accrual anomaly to be less severe when financial analysts provide more accurate cash flow forecasts. The findings are consistent in the regression models with the decile ranks as well as in the robustness tests that controlled the accruals quality. Research implications or Originality - This study contributes to the expansion of related studies in the Korea by providing empirical evidence partially that the financial analysts' cash flow forecasts mitigate the accrual anomaly.

• 한국응급구조학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.117-128
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• 2020

Purpose: This study analyzed the information and accessibility of toxic substances provided to Internet websites. Methods: From August 1, 2020, to August 31, 2020, we analyzed eight internet websites regarding toxic pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and chemicals. The website-evaluation criteria were divided into five categories for information and five categories for website convenience. Results: All eight websites about toxic substances were hosted by reliable institutions or organizations and provided accurate information in terms of informational relevance. The website run by the Safety and Health Corporation scored the highest with 100points. Analysis of the websites' accessibility to non-members' revealed that six (75.0%) were accessible, but two (12.5%) provided only limited information. Access to information through mobile apps was only available in three of the eight cases (37.5%). Conclusion: This study can be used as a reference for Internet websites about toxic substances. Toxicological information that can be viewed only with membership and manager approval requires membership in advance of viewing. In addition, emergency medical personnel working at a site or hospital should be familiar with the characteristics of toxicity information retrieval.

• Genomics & Informatics
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.21.1-21.5
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• 2021

The use of social media data, like Twitter, for biomedical research has been gradually increasing over the years. With the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, researchers have turned to more non-traditional sources of clinical data to characterize the disease in near-real time, study the societal implications of interventions, as well as the sequelae that recovered COVID-19 cases present. However, manually curated social media datasets are difficult to come by due to the expensive costs of manual annotation and the efforts needed to identify the correct texts. When datasets are available, they are usually very small and their annotations don't generalize well over time or to larger sets of documents. As part of the 2021 Biomedical Linked Annotation Hackathon, we release our dataset of over 120 million automatically annotated tweets for biomedical research purposes. Incorporating best-practices, we identify tweets with potentially high clinical relevance. We evaluated our work by comparing several SpaCy-based annotation frameworks against a manually annotated gold-standard dataset. Selecting the best method to use for automatic annotation, we then annotated 120 million tweets and released them publicly for future downstream usage within the biomedical domain.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제35권6호
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• pp.820-824
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• 2022

Ecologically sustainable means of development is the point to support environmental homeostasis. One of our roles is to find bio-degradable resources that can be substituted for petroleum-based products to effectively abide by the natural viability. To counter the issues of deforestation and preserve biodiversity, it is necessary to produce a non-wood crop that can fulfill the requirement for raw material from which several products can be produced. Kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus), a member of the family Malvaceae, is showing sufficient potentiality along this road-map. Due to its rich fiber content, it has been used extensively in various fields for long, probably as early as 4,000 BC. At present, kenaf has been used as provider of paper, plastics, fiber glass, biofuel, activated carbon and epoxy composite. This obviously catch one's attention towards its capability to replace petroleum-based products as a whole. Moreover, the plant shows considerable relevance in decreasing pollutants by virtue of its enormous absorption capacity. These multiple applications of kenaf justify its credibility to be the best resource for the better world. The paper presents an overview on its numerous uses reported in the literature that we have investigated and its great potential as a valuable multipurpose crop.

• 천문학회보
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.74.2-75
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• 2021

We demonstrate that a deep learning classifier that only uses to gravitational wave (GW) detectors auxiliary channel data can distinguish various types of non-Gaussian noise transients (glitches) with significant accuracy, i.e., ≳ 80%. The classifier is implemented using the multi-scale neural networks (MSNN) with PyTorch. The glitches appearing in the GW strain data have been one of the main obstacles that degrade the sensitivity of the gravitational detectors, consequently hindering the detection and parameterization of the GW signals. Numerous efforts have been devoted to tracking down their origins and to mitigating them. However, there remain many glitches of which origins are not unveiled. We apply the MSNN classifier to the auxiliary channel data corresponding to publicly available GravitySpy glitch samples of LIGO O1 run without using GW strain data. Investigation of the auxiliary channel data of the segments that coincide to the glitches in the GW strain channel is particularly useful for finding the noise sources, because they record physical and environmental conditions and the status of each part of the detector. By only using the auxiliary channel data, this classifier can provide us with the independent view on the data quality and potentially gives us hints to the origins of the glitches, when using the explainable AI technique such as Layer-wise Relevance Propagation or GradCAM.

• 지역연구
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• 제38권4호
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• pp.31-44
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• 2022

본 연구는 당해도시와 연담도시권 내 도시들의 특성과 단위면적(m²)당 아파트 거래가격 간의 상관성을 확인하는 목적을 가지고 수행되었다. 구체적으로 당해 도시 및 연담도시권 내 도시들이 인구 특성. 산업 특성, 도시계획사업 및 개발사업 특성, 입지적 특성이 아파트 m²당 매매가격 형성의 원인으로 작용하는지, 당해도시와 연담도시 간에 차별적인 특성을 보이는지 또한 수도권과 비수도권 간에 차별적인 특성을 보이는지를 상관분석, 다중회귀분석을 통해 파악하고자 하였다. 인구특성 부문에서는 모두 상관성이 있는 것으로 나타났다. 산업부문과 도시계획사업 및 개발사업 특성 부문은 당해도시에서는 유의하지 않게 나오지만, 연담도시권으로 분석하여 볼 때, 유의하게 나타나는 것으로 된다. 수도권과 비수도권으로 분류하여 분석하여 볼 때, 인구 부문은 수도권 및 비수도권 모두 유의하게 나타나며, 입지적 부문에서는 강남구와의 거리만이 유의하게 나타난다. 이는 지금 수도권으로 인구가 집중되기 때문에 아파트 m²당 매매가격도 수도권 집중으로 높은 가격대를 형성하는 것으로 이와 같은 결과가 나타나는 것으로 판단된다. 본 연구는 아파트 m²당 매매가격에 영향을 미치는 요인을 분석할 때, 당해도시 뿐 아니라 인접 지역들의 특성을 같이 분석하여야 한다는 결과를 보여주며, 또한 부동산 정책을 실시할 때에도 당해도시 뿐 아니라 연담도시권으로 설정하여 주택시장 모니터링이 함께 이루어질 필요가 있다는 점을 시사한다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.4039-4044
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• 2014

Background: The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effects and mechanisms of immunochemotherapy of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and interleukin-2 (IL-2) on non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) A549 cells. Materials and Methods: In order to detect whether 5-FU+IL-2 could effectively inhibit tumor growth in vivo, we established an A549-bearing nude mouse model. The cytotoxicity of natural killer (NK) cells was evaluated using a standard chromium release assay. To evaluate the relevance of NK cells in 5-FU+IL-2-mediated tumor inhibitory effects, we depleted NK cells in A549-bearing mice by injecting anti-asialo-GM-1 antibodies. Effects of 5-FU+IL-2 on the expression and promoter activity of NKG2D ligands (MICA/MICB) in A549 cells in vitro were also assessed. Results: In A549-bearing nude mice, combination therapy significantly inhibited tumor growth in comparison with monotherapy with 5-FU or IL-2 and enhanced the recognition and lysis of tumor cells by NK cells. Further study of mechanisms showed that NK cells played a vital role in the anticancer immune response of 5-FU+IL-2 immunochemotherapy. In addition, the combination therapy synergistically stimulated the expression and promoter activity of MICA/MICB. Conclusions: 5-FU and IL-2 immunochemotherapy significantly inhibited tumor growth and activated NK cytotoxicity in vivo, and these effects were partly impaired after depleting NK cells in tumor-bearing mice. Combination treatment of 5-FU and IL-2 upregulated the expression and the promoter activity of MICA/MICB in A549 cells, which enhanced the recognition of A549 cells by NK cells. All of the data indicated that immunochemotherapy of 5-FU and IL-2 may provide a new treatment option for patients with lung cancer.

• 치위생과학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.139-146
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• 2008

본 연구는 구강질환의 국소적인 원인 인자 중 하나인 흡연과 구강건강의 관련성을 연구하기 위하여 치위생과 실습 수업에 참여한 환자 중 흡연 경험자 51명, 흡연 비경험자 51명을 대상으로 설문 조사한 자료를 분석하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 음주 시에 흡연을 더 많이 하는 환자가 78.4%로 여전히 높은 수준에 있어 구강건강을 위협하는 것으로 나타났다. 2. 최근 1년 이내 치석제거를 받은 경험이 있는 환자는 22.5%로 여전히 낮은 수준이다. 3. 흡연 경험자는 흡연의 유해성에 대한 인식을 하고 있으며, 잇솔질 시 잇몸 출혈과, 구취에 대한 자각정도가 비경험자에 비하여 높게 나타났다. 4. 1일 평균 잇솔질 횟수는 비흡연자보다 흡연자가 낮았다. 5. 간이구강위생지수는 남자가 4.58로 여자 4.00보다 높았으며, 흡연 경험자가 4.59로 비경험자 4.18보다 높게 나타났다. 이는 흡연경험자이고 남자일수록 구강환경상태가 좋지 못한 것을 의미한다.

• Journal of Gastric Cancer
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.183-190
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• 2015

Purpose: The Lauren classification system is a very commonly used pathological classification system of gastric adenocarcinoma. A recent study proposed that the Lauren classification should be modified to include the anatomical location of the tumor. The resulting three types were found to differ significantly in terms of genomic expression profiles. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the clinical significance of the modified Lauren classification (MLC). Materials and Methods: A total of 677 consecutive patients who underwent curative gastrectomy from January 2005 to December 2007 for histologically confirmed gastric cancer were included. The patients were divided according to the MLC into proximal non-diffuse (PND), diffuse (D), and distal non-diffuse (DND) type. The groups were compared in terms of clinical features and overall survival. Multivariate analysis served to assess the association between MLC and prognosis. Results: Of the 677 patients, 48, 358, and 271 had PND, D, and DND, respectively. Their 5-year overall survival rates were 77.1%, 77.7%, and 90.4%. Compared to D and PND, DND was associated with significantly better overall survival (both P<0.01). Multivariate analysis showed that age, differentiation, lympho-vascular invasion, T and N stage, but not MLC, were independent prognostic factors for overall survival. Multivariate analysis of early gastric cancer patients showed that MLC was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival (odds ratio, 5.946; 95% confidence intervals, 1.524~23.197; P=0.010). Conclusions: MLC is prognostic for survival in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma, in early gastric cancer. DND was associated with an improved prognosis compared to PND or D.