• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2012

Tribological properties of hybrid type friction materials were studied. Hybrid friction materials were produced by combining non-steel(NS) and low-steel(LS) type friction materials. The emphasis of the investigation was given to possible synergistic effects from the two different friction materials, in terms of friction stability at high temperatures and the amplitude of friction oscillation, also known as stick-slip at low sliding speeds. The high temperature friction test results showed that the friction effectiveness of the hybrid friction material was well sustained compared to LS and NS friction materials. Wear resistance of the hybrid type was similar to LS friction materials. Examination of the rubbing surfaces after tests revealed that the friction characteristics of the hybrid friction material were attributed to the wear debris produced from low-steel friction materials, which were migrated to the surface of the non-steel friction material, forming new contact plateaus. The stick-slip amplitude and its frequency were pronounced when non-steel friction material was tested, while hybrid and low-steel types showed relatively small stick-slip amplitudes. These results suggest possible improvement of tribological properties by designing a hybrid composite of low-steel and non-steel friction materials.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.253-257
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• 2009

As the value of B2B integration gets more importance and the business process becomes more complex, BPEL4WS standard has been focused for the solution of the problems which is based on web service technology. Many vendors implement the standard in their systems to integrate B2B and web service based inner-Enterprise Application(EA)s. But there is no way to use the standard to integrate non-web service based EAs, because the standard is designed only for Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) over web services. This paper proposes Hybrid Service Orchestration Framework to participate web services and also non-web service based EAs in the business process as a partner using BPEL4WS standard. The framework introduces Hybrid Service Architecture to represent non-web service based EAs as a service, so BPEL4WS could be used to integrate web services and non-web service based EAs. And the framework also introduces Hybrid Service Toolkit to support software level facilities. The paper also introduces Hybrid Orchestration System that is based on Hybrid Service Orchestration Framework.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.110-114
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• 2000

The Interlaminar fracture behavior of hybrid composite with non-woven carbon tissue was investigated under Mode I (DCB) and Mode II (ENF) loading condition. Hybrid composites were manufactured by means of inserting a non-woven tissue between prepreg layers. Two kinds of specimens were prepared from [0]$_{24}$ and [$0_{12}/0_{12}$]. Where, the symbol "/" means that a non-woven carbon tissue was located at 0/0 mid-plane of the specimen. The interlaminar fracture toughness of hybrid composites was compared with that of CFRP. The fracture surfaces of the specimens were observed using optical microscope and SEM, and the failure mechanism was discussed. The hybrid laminates, which are made by inserting non-woven carbon tissue between layers, were shown to be effective to remarkably improve Mode II fracture toughness.toughness.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2011

Recently, hybrid air-conditioning system has been proposed and applied to achieve building energy saving. One example is a system combining radiation panel with natural wind-induced cross-ventilation. However, few research works have been conducted on the non-uniformity of thermal comfort in such hybrid air-conditioning system. In this paper, both thermal environment and non-uniform thermal comfort of human thermal model under various air-conditioning system, including hybrid system, were evaluated in a typical office room using coupled simulation of computation fluid dynamics, radiation model and a human thermal model. The non-uniformity of thermal comfort was evaluated from the deviation of surface temperature of human thermal model. Flow fields and temperature distribution in each case were represented.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.571-586
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• 2013

This paper focuses on the buckling capacity of a hybrid grid shell. The eigenvalue buckling, geometrical non-linear elastic buckling and elasto-plastic buckling analyses of the hybrid structure were carried out. Then the influences of the shape and scale of imperfections on the elasto-plastic buckling loads were discussed. Also, the effects of different structural parameters, such as the rise-to-span ratio, beam section, area and pre-stress of cables and boundary conditions, on the failure load were investigated. Based on the comparison between elastic and elasto-plastic buckling loads, the effect of material non-linearity on the stability of the hybrid barrel vault is found significant. Furthermore, the stability of a hybrid barrel vault is sensitive to the anti-symmetrical distribution of loads. It is also shown that the structures are highly imperfection sensitive which can greatly reduce their failure loads. The results also show that the support conditions pose significant effect on the elasto-plastic buckling load of a perfect hybrid structure.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society For Composite Materials Conference
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• 2001.10a
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• pp.195-198
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• 2001

To improve the properties of FRP composite materials, the hybrid prepreg with non-woven tissue (NWT) is developed. The hybrid prepreg consists of undirectional prepreg and NWT prepreg. The NWT prepreg is made by compounding the NWT and polymer resin, which is similar to the production method of FRP prepreg. The NWT has short fibers which are discretely distributed with in-plane random orientation. The stiffness and strength of NWT composites are lower than those of continuously fibrous composites. The strengthening technique and fabricating technique for the hybrid prepreg are described in this work. The mechanical characteristics of hybrid composites with NWT are discussed and compared with those of the FRP composites.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.20 no.4
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• pp.10-15
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• 2021

Cache bypassing schemes have been studied to remove unnecessary updating the data in cache blocks. Among them, a statistics-based cache bypassing method for asymmetric-access caches is one of the most efficient approach for non-voliatile memories and shows the lowest cache access latency. However, it is proposed under the condition of the normal cache system, so further study is required for the hybrid cache architecture. This paper proposes a novel cache bypassing scheme, called hybrid bypassing block selector. In the proposal, the new model is established considering the SRAM region and the non-volatile memory region separately. Based on the model, hybrid bypassing decision block is implemented. Experiments show that the hybrid bypassing decision block saves overall energy consumption by 21.5%.

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.13 no.3 s.56
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• pp.361-379
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to find how hybrid fashion and make-up responses to multiculturalism condition and how expression of hybrid. Today, every culture has taken on the compromise form by means of the cultural difference, variety, and pluralism according to the internationalization and the advance. In accordance with this current of the times, this study observed the hybrid found in the multiculturalism of the 21th century. The expression of hybrid in multiculturalism of contemporary fashion and make up combination of difference. Second, the society development and a generalized knowledge of multiculturalism and hybrid and history of make up. Third, characteristic of fashion about multiculturalism and characteristic of fashion about hybrid classify a divide into five according to fashion trend. Oriental and western of hybrid, the past and the present of hybrid, high society and the lower classes of hybrid, the main current and non mainstreamers of hybrid, the present and the future of hybrid. Fourth, characteristic of make up about multiculturalism and characteristic of make up about hybrid classify a divide into five according to fashion trend. Oriental and western of hybrid, the past and the present of hybrid, high society and the lower classes of hybrid, the main current and non mainstreamers of hybrid, the present and the future of hybrid take measures too.

• IEMEK Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.201-208
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• 2016

Non-volatile counter is a counter that maintains the value without external power supply. It has been used for the applications related to warranty issues to count and record certain events such as power cycles, operating time, hard resets, and timeouts. It has been conventionally implemented with volatile memory-based counter and battery backup or non-volatile memory such as EEPROM. Both of them have a lifetime issue due to the limited lifetime of the battery and the endurance of the non-volatile memory cells, which incurs significant redundancy in design. In this paper, we introduce a hybrid architecture of volatile (SRAM) and non-volatile memory (EEPROM) cells to achieve required lifetime of the non-volatile counter with smaller cost. We conduct a design space exploration of the proposed hybrid architecture with the parameters of various kinds of non-volatile memories. The analysis result shows that the proposed hybrid non-volatile counter can extend the lifetime up to 6 times compared to the battery-backup volatile memory-based implementation.

• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.383-401
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• 2014

Over the past years, hybrid building systems, consisting of reinforced concrete frames in bottom and steel frames in top are used as a cost-effective alternative to traditional structural steel or reinforced concrete constructions. Dynamic analysis of hybrid structures is usually a complex procedure due to various dynamic characteristics of each part, i.e. stiffness, mass and especially damping. In hybrid structures, one or more transitional stories with composite sections are used for better transition of lateral and gravity forces. The effect of transitional storey has been considered in no one of the studies in the field of hybrid structures damping. In this study, a method has been proposed to determining the equivalent modal damping ratios for hybrid steel-concrete buildings with transitional storey. In the proposed method, hybrid buildings are considered to have three structural systems, reinforced concrete, composite steel and concrete (transitional storey) and steel system. In this method, hybrid buildings are substituted appropriately with 3-DOF system.