• English Language & Literature Teaching
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.133-149
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• 2003

As the world becomes a global village, national conferences become more frequent, and the language of choice to mediate the exchange of information is English. Accordingly, the purpose of this research is to find several methods to prepare L2 students for English communication at conferences. Various studies about discourse markers can be found in this study. Discourse markers are indicators of fluency in spoken language, and indicators of improvement from features of spoken English to more typical forms of formal writing. In this study the presentation styles of native speakers and Asian non-native speakers are compared, and the difference between efficient and non-efficient speakers at conferences are discussed. As a study of conference English teaching and learning method, this research targets suggestion and application of discourse markers for L2 speakers. As a result, the fact that discourse markers are very important in effective writing and conference English is found and accordingly we can see that developing the ability to use discourse markers in writing and speaking are essential for L2 speakers.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 1998.06a
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• pp.106-109
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• 1998

Wireless communication systems, in particular, must operate in a crowded electro-magnetic environmnet where in-band undesired signals are treated as noise by the receiver. These interfering signals are often random but not Gaussian Due to nongaussian noise, the distribution of the observables cannot be specified by a finite set of parameters; instead r-dimensioal sample space (pure noise samples) is equiprobably partitioned into a finite number of disjointed regions using quantiles and a vector quantizer based on training samples. If we assume that the detected symbols are correct, then we can observe the pure noise samples during the training and transmitting mode. The algorithm proposed is based on a piecewise approximation to a regression function based on quantities and conditional partition moments which are estimated by a RMSA (Robbins-Monro Stochastic Approximation) algorithm. In this paper, we develop a diversity combiner with modified detector, called Non-Linear Detector, and the receiver has a differential phase detector in each diversity branch and at the combiner each detector output is proportional to the second power of the envelope of branches. Monte-Carlo simulations were used as means of generating the system performance.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.29 no.11
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2012

In this paper, we would like to introduce two dimensional non-contact position sensor by using an electromagnetic induction based coil system and an algorithm to estimate the position of pointer. The sensor which will introduce in this paper is composed of a pointer including LC resonant circuit and a sensor board to detect the electromagnetic signal from the pointer. Because of the simplicity shape of the line antenna, low cost and free form curved shape of the sensor device is possible. In this research, we proposed a new two dimensional non-contact type electromagnetic sensor system and realized the proposed sensor device. From the experiments, the proposed device can be employed for the two dimensional position sensor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.33 no.2C
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• pp.149-154
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• 2008

One of the criteria for designing good LD-STBC is maximizing the mutual information between the transmit and receive signals. In this paper, we propose a construction method of $2^k{\times}2^k$ LD-STBC by selecting the dispersion matrices among the representations of the non-abelian group $G_{m,r}$, of order $2^{k+2}$.

• International Journal of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.34-41
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• 2021

Recently, a lossless non-successive interference cancellation (SIC) non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) implementation has been proposed. Such lossless NOMA without SIC is achieved via correlated superposition coding (SC), in comparison with conventional independent SC. However, only high-correlated SC was investigated in the lossless non-SIC NOMA implementation. Thus, this paper investigates low-correlated SC, especially a lossless interval, owing to low-correlation between signals. First, for the low-correlated SC scheme, we derive the closed-form expressions for the two roots with which the lossless interval is defined. Then, simulations demonstrate that the lossless interval of low-correlated SC NOMA is enlarged, with a degraded middle interval, compared to that of high-correlated SC NOMA. Moreover, we also show that such tendency becomes stronger as the value of the correlation coefficient varies. As a result, the proposed low-correlated SC scheme could be considered as a promising correlated SC scheme, with the enlarged lossless interval in NOMA toward the future sixth-generation (6G) ultra-reliable low-latency communications (URLLC).

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.289-298
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• 2023

Complex diseases including cardiovascular disease are caused by a combination of the alternation of many genes and the influence of environments. Recently, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have been shown to be involved in diverse diseases, and the functions of various ncRNAs have been reported. Many researchers have elucidated the mechanisms of action of these ncRNAs at the cellular level prior to in vivo and clinical studies of the diseases. Due to the characteristics of complex diseases involving intercellular crosstalk, it is important to study communication between multiple cells. However, there is a lack of literature summarizing and discussing studies of ncRNAs involved in intercellular crosstalk in cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, this review summarizes recent discoveries in the functional mechanisms of intercellular crosstalk involving ncRNAs, including microRNAs, long non-coding RNAs, and circular RNAs. In addition, the pathophysiological role of ncRNAs in this communication is extensively discussed in various cardiovascular diseases.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.457-464
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• 2021

This paper investigates the achievable rate volumes for non-successive interference cancellation(SIC) non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA) schemes, especially for 3-user correlated information sources(CIS). First, the closed-form expressions for the achievable rate volumes of non-SIC 3-user CIS NOMA are derived. Then it is numerically shown that the large correlation coefficients, as the achievable rate volumes of non-SIC 3-user CIS NOMA is larger than that of conventional SIC 3-user independent information sources(IIS) NOMA. We also demonstrate by various comparisons that the impact of the correlation coefficients of weaker channel gain users on achievable rate volume is more significant than those of stronger channel gain users.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.93-102
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• 2022

Due to COVID-19, all activities in society are emphasized non-face-to-face, and the educational environment is changing without exception. Looking at the results of the survey after conducting non-face-to-face education, there was a lot of rejection of non-face-to-face practical education. The biggest reason was that instructors were not familiar with the non-face-to-face education method, and feedback was not smooth during or after education. In particular, software practice education was not easy to share the software development environment, but communication and feedback on class contents and tasks were important. In particular, if face-to-face and non-face-to-face are alternately variable, it is not easy for practical education to be consistently connected. Even if non-face-to-face hands-on education is changed to face-to-face hands-on education, we will present a plan to use a data sharing system such as question-and-answer, assignment, practice content, and board content so that it can proceed smoothly. This study presents an efficient software education process that can provide learners with a software integrated practice environment based on a shared server, question-and-answer between instructors and learners, and share feedback on tasks. For the verification of the presented process, the effectiveness was confirmed through the survey results by applying the face-to-face/non-face-to-face education process to 220 trainees for 30 months in software education classes such as A university hands-on education, B company new employees, and ICT education courses.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.239-260
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• 2023

The underwater acoustic wireless communication networks are generally formed by the different autonomous underwater acoustic vehicles, and transceivers interconnected to the bottom of the ocean with battery deployed modems. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) has become the most popular modulation technique in underwater acoustic communication due to its high data transmission and robustness over other symmetrical modulation techniques. To maintain the operability of underwater acoustic communication networks, the power consumption of battery-operated transceivers becomes a vital necessity to be minimized. The OFDM technology has a major lack of peak to average power ratio (PAPR) which results in the consumption of more power, creating non-linear distortion and increasing the bit error rate (BER). To overcome this situation, we have contributed our symmetry research into three dimensions. Firstly, we propose a machine learning-based underwater acoustic communication system through long short-term memory neural network (LSTM-NN). Secondly, the proposed LSTM-NN reduces the PAPR and makes the system reliable and efficient, which turns into a better performance of BER. Finally, the simulation and water tank experimental data results are executed which proves that the LSTM-NN is the best solution for mitigating the PAPR with non-linear distortion and complexity in the overall communication system.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.10 no.11
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• pp.1277-1284
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• 2015

In this paper, 1-axis tracking mechanism of solar-cell panel, which is able to rotate from -90 degree to +90 degree for maintaining always perpendicular between solar-cell panel and sun, was analyzed. This paper propose the non-linear shaped guidance and analyze mathematical formulation of non-linear shape. This analysis shows that it is able to identify the non-linear shaped guidance. Especially, even though the length of rotating link have changed, the non-linear shaped guidance could be confirm with proper size. As effectiveness of this result, 10% efficiency rising is estimated compared to the conventional 1-axis tracking mechanism and also optimal non-linear shaped guidance can be suggested for various size of solar-cell panel. Therefore the flexible mass-production is possible for various size of non-linear shaped guidance.