• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권7호
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• pp.3427-3430
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• 2012

Aim: The significance of the mucinous adenocarcinoma in TNM staging and prognosis for colorectal tumor patients is still controversial. The aim was to provide a meta-analysis for TNM staging and prognostic features of colorectal tumors. Methods: 30 individual case-control studies were finally included into this meta-analysis, involving a total of 444,489 cancer cases and 45,050 mucinous adenocarcinomas, of relations with TNM staging and prognostic features. Results: Compared to non-mucinous adenocarcinoma patients, the TNM IV stage accounted for a larger percentage of mucinous adenocarcinomas (OR=1.48, 95%CI 1.28-1.71, POR<0.001) and the prognosis was significantly poor (HR=1.06, 95%CI 1.04-1.08, P<0.001). After heterogeneity testing, the results was similar to the holistic approach outcome (HR=1.48, 95%CI 1.35-1.62, P<0.001). Conclusion: Compared to patients with non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, mucinous adenocarcinoma patients with later TNM staging make up a big percentage, and mucinous adenocarcinoma is an independent risk factor for poor prognosis.

• BMB Reports
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.448-452
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• 2007

We examined the contribution of CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes and drug interactions to the phenytoin metabolism among 97 Korean epileptic patients to determine if pharmacogenetic testing could be utilized in routine clinical practice. The CYP2C9 polymorphism is a wellknown major genetic factor responsible for phenytoin metabolism. The CYP219 polymorphism, with a high incidence of variant alleles, has a minor influence on phenytoin treated Koran patients. Using a multiple regression model for evaluation of the CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 genotypes, together with other non-genetic variables, we explained 39.6% of the variance in serum phenytoin levels. Incorporation of genotyping for CYP2C9 and CYP2C19 into a clinical practice may be of some help in the determination of phenytoin dosage. However, because concurrent drug treatment is common in patients taking phenytoin and many environmental factors are likely to play a role in drug metabolism, these factors may overwhelm the relevance of CYP polymorphisms in the clinical setting. Further investigations with an approach to dose assessment that includes comprehensive interpretation of both pharmacogenetic and pharmacokinetic data along with understanding of the mechanism of drug interactions in dosage adjustment is warranted.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제39권1호
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• pp.42-48
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• 2007

This study was carried out to review and evaluate anti-CCP ELISA assay for diagnostic in RA patients from an early arthritis clinic (EAC). The subjects were obtained from patients visiting the outpatient clinic of the Dept. of Rhumatology med.of P hospital in Daegu, during 6 months from July 1, 2006 to December 31, 2006. The subjects were 140 cases : 80 cases from RA patients (60 women and 20 men; mean age 58 years; range, 32-68 years) confirmed by clinical diagnostic. 39 cases of these RA patients were classified as having early RA (EAC). 50 cases (non-RA) did not fulfill the criteria for RA, and 10 cases were from healthy individuals. We performed the analysis with solid phase-ELISA method (ETI-max3000, Diasorin; Italy) for anti-CCP and Nephelometry assay (Roche/Hitachi 902 analyzer; USA) for RF. The results obtained were summarized as follows ; anti-CCP ELISA is more specific than RF Nephelometry assay (specificity 94% vs 90%) to diagnose RA patients with suspected EAC (early arthritis clinic). The combination test "anti-CCP and RF" had a very high specificity (specificity 98.3%, PPV; RA group 96%, EAC 95%), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). Anti-CCP ELISA had more sensitivity in EAC (Early arthritis clinic) patients than chronic RA patients (sensitivity 64% vs 24%, respectively), anti-CCP of RA group and EAC group was more specific than RF (anti-CCP PPV; 92%, 89% vs 89%, 81% respectively), the difference was statistically significant (p<0.05). The difference of antibody concetration between anti-CCP and RF for RA and the control group is statistically significant (p<0.05). In conclusion, anti-CCP ELISA testing may be useful if performed concomitantly with RF Nephelometry assay to diagnose RA patients with suspected EAC (early arthritis clinic).

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2015

Objectives: This study was performed to analyze the toxicity and to find the lethal dose of the test substance Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture when used as a single-dose in 6 week old, male and female Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Methods: All experiments were conducted at Biotoxtech (Chungwon, Korea), an institution authorized to perform non clinical studies, under the regulations of Good Laboratory Practice (GLP). SD rats were chosen for the pilot study. Doses of Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture extracts, 0.125, 0.25 and 0.5 mL, were administered to the experimental group, and 0.5 mL doses of normal saline solution were administered to the control group. This study was conducted under the approval of the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee. Results: No deaths or abnormalities occurred in any of the groups. Also, no significant changes in body weights were observed among the groups, and no significant differences in hematology/biochemistry, necropsy, and histopathology results were noted. Hematologically, some changes in the male rats in two experimental groups were observed, but those changes had no clinical or toxicological meaning because they were not dose dependent. Histopathological tests on the injected parts showed cell infiltration in the male rats in one of the experimental groups; however, that result was due to spontaneous generation and had no toxicological meaning. Therefore, this study showed that Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture had no effect on the injected parts in terms of clinical signs, body weight, hematology, clinical chemistry, and necropsy. Conclusion: As a result of single-dose tests of the test substance Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture in 4 groups of rats, the lethal dose for both males and females exceeded 0.5 mL/animal. Therefore, the above findings suggest that treatment with Hominis placenta pharmacopuncture is relatively safe. Further studies on this subject are needed.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2015

Purpose: We performed exome sequencing in a breast cancer family without BRCA mutations. Materials and Methods: A family that three sisters have a history of breast cancer was selected for analysis. There were no family members with breast cancer in the previous generation. Genetic testing for BRCA mutation was negative, even by the multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification method. Two sisters with breast cancer were selected as affected members, while the mother of the sisters was a non-affected member. Whole exome sequencing was performed on the HiSeq 2000 platform with paired-end reads of 101 bp in the three members. Results: We identified 19,436, 19,468, and 19,345 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding regions. Among them, 8,759, 8,789, and 8,772 were non-synonymous SNPs, respectively. After filtering out 12,843 synonymous variations and 12,105 known variations with indels found in the dbSNP135 or 1000 Genomes Project database, we selected 73 variations in the samples from the affected sisters that did not occur in the sample from the unaffected mother. Using the Sorting Intolerant From Tolerant (SIFT), PolyPhen-2, and MutationTaster algorithms to predict amino acid substitutions, the XCR1, DLL1, TH, ACCS, SPPL3, CCNF, and SRL genes were risky among all three algorithms, while definite candidate genes could not be conclusively determined. Conclusion: Using exome sequencing, we found 7 variants for a breast cancer family without BRCA mutations. Genetic evidence of disease association should be confirmed by future studies.

• 약학회지
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• 제57권2호
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• pp.132-138
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• 2013

Acinetobacter baumannii is gram-negative bacilli that can be widely found in environments. Recently, A. baumannii emerged as a serious nosocomial infection. A total of 92 A. baumannii were isolated from hospitalized patients in Seoul, Korea, between December 2010 and April 2011. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was investigated using CLSI agar dilution methods. Tigecycline non-susceptible A. baumannii isolates were investigated by repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR). Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was performed to determine the epidemiological relationships. All clinical isolates showed high-level resistance to the most commonly used antibiotics: Ciprofloxacin (87.0%), Ampicillin/sulbactam (82.6%), Cefotaxime (81.5%), Ceftazidime (80.4%). Moreover, 50.0% of these isolates were non-susceptible to tigecycline. When evaluated by RAPD analysis, generated distinct band ranging in size from 1kb to 8k band varying from 4 to 10 bands. Stricter surveillance and more rapid detection are essential to prevent the spread of multi drug resistant A. baumannii.

• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.47-53
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• 2024

Purpose : This study investigated the effects of concentric and eccentric contractions on muscle strength using an isokinetic dynamometer (ID) in college students in their 20s. It aimed to understand the impact of differences between the dominant and non-dominant sides on strength asymmetry and to elucidate the clinical implications of these differences to establish an appropriate posture and environment for patients. Methods : The experiment was conducted with 30 healthy adult participants. Prior to the experiment, participants underwent a warm-up targeting the shoulders, and efforts were made to eliminate factors that could potentially influence the measurement results. Subsequently, the maximum safe range of motion of shoulder joint abduction, extension, and flexion was measured using an isokinetic muscle function testing device. Muscle strength was assessed using concentric and eccentric contractions alternating between the dominant and non-dominant sides, and paired sample t-tests were used for the analysis. Results : There was no significant difference between bilateral peak torques for eccentric contraction in shoulder joint abduction, extension, and flexion (p>0.05). There was also no significant difference between bilateral peak torques for concentric contraction in shoulder joint abduction, extension and flexion (p>0.05). Conclusion : This study found no statistically significant difference in muscle strength between the dominant and non-dominant sides during concentric and eccentric contractions. However, previous studies have shown significant differences between the dominant and non-dominant sides during eccentric and concentric contractions during internal shoulder rotation in the general population, as well as significant differences in the upper trapezius muscle. Therefore, further research is needed to support the application of different intensities for bilateral muscle strengthening exercises in clinical practice.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제51권11호
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• pp.1165-1171
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• 2008

목 적: 현재 우리나라에서는 B형 간염 백신접종 후 일률적으로 항체검사를 권장하지는 않으나, 아직도 우리나라의 성인 및 소아의 보유율이 외국에 비해 매우 높고, 영아기의 어린이집 등 단체생활 증가와 이로 인한 수평감염의 위험성이 높다고 생각되므로 영아기의 면역획득여부를 확인하는 것이 중요하다고 생각된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 출생 후 B형 간염 백신을 접종한 만삭아들을 대상으로 항체검사를 실시하여 산모가 보유자인 경우와 그렇지 않은 경우의 두 군으로 나누어 기본접종 후 항체 양전율을 평가하였고, 무반응자에서의 재접종 시 효과를 비교 분석하였다. 방 법: 2004년 10월부터 2007년 6월까지 문화병원에서 출생한 716명의 만삭아들을 대상으로 산모의 B형 간염 보유여부에 따라 두 군으로 나누어 현재 추천되고 있는 일정으로 기본접종 후 생후 7-12개월(산모가 보유자인 경우는 생후 9-15개월)에 항체가를 측정하여 기본접종의 효과를 비교하였다. 또한 각 군의 무반응자에게 3회 재접종을 실시하고 1-3개월 후 항체가를 측정하여 재접종의 효과를 비교하였다. 또한 보유자인 산모로부터 출생한 영아에서 산모의 HBeAg 양성 여부가 주산기 예방조치의 실패와 관련이 있는지 알아보았다. 결 과: HBsAg이 음성인 산모에서 태어난 총 662명의 건강한 만삭아에서 B형 간염 기본접종 후 623명(94.1%)에서 항체 양전되었고, HBsAg이 양성인 산모에서 태어난 만삭아중 감염된 4명의 영아를 제외한 50명에서는 39명(78%)이 기본접종 후 항체 양전되어 산모가 보유자가 아닌 경우가 더 높은 항체 양전율을 나타냈다(P<0.001). 또한 건강한 만삭아의 무반응자 39명중 32명에서 재접종 후 31명(96.9%)에서 항체가 양전되었고, 산모가 보유자인 무반응자 11명 중 8명에서 재접종 후 7명(87.5%)이 항체 양전되어 두 군의 무반응자에서의 재접종은 매우 효과적이었다. 또한 두 군에서 마지막 기본접종 후 항체검사시기에 따른 항체 양전율은 거의 차이가 없었다(P>0.05). HBeAg이 음성이고 HBsAg만 양성인 산모로부터 출생한 영아 40명 모두 예방이 되었고, HBeAg과 HBsAg 모두 양성인 산모로부터 출생한 14명중에서는 4명(28.6%)이 예방조치가 실패하였다. 이와 같이 산모의 HBeAg 양성여부는 주산기 예방조치의 실패와 밀접한 관련이 있었다(P<0.001). 결 론: 보유자가 아닌 산모로부터 출생한 건강한 만삭아에서 기본접종 후 무반응자의 재접종의 효과는 매우 좋았기 때문에, 가족 내에 보유자가 있거나 보유자가 없다 하더라도 확실한 효과를 위해서 기본접종 후 항체검사 및 재접종을 고려해야 할 것으로 생각되나, 이를 위해서는 현재 시행되지 않고 있는 일률적인 항체검사의 비용효과적인 측면에 대한 연구가 뒷받침되어야 할 것으로 사료되며, 산모가 보유자인 경우에는 항체 양전율이 감소하므로 수직감염이 되지 않았다 하더라도 산모로부터 수평감염의 위험이 높으므로 현재 추천되는 방법으로 반드시 항체검사를 실시하여 항체 양전여부를 확인해야 할 것이다.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.180-189
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• 2016

The widespread occurrence of drug-resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis places importance on the detection of TB (tuberculosis) drug susceptibility. Conventional drug susceptibility testing (DST) is a lengthy process. We developed a rapid enzymatic color-reaction-based biochip assay. The process included asymmetric multiplex PCR/templex PCR, biochip hybridization, and an enzymatic color reaction, with specific software for data operating. Templex PCR (tem-PCR) was applied to avoid interference between different primers in conventional multiplex-PCR. We applied this assay to 276 clinical specimens (including 27 sputum, 4 alveolar lavage fluid, 2 pleural effusion, and 243 culture isolate specimens; 40 of the 276 were non-tuberculosis mycobacteria specimens and 236 were M. tuberculosis specimens). The testing process took 4.5 h. A sensitivity of 50 copies per PCR was achieved, while the sensitivity was 500 copies per PCR when tem-PCR was used. Allele sequences could be detected in mixed samples at a proportion of 10%. Detection results showed a concordance rate of 97.46% (230/236) in rifampicin resistance detection (sensitivity 95.40%, specificity 98.66%) and 96.19% (227/236) in isoniazid (sensitivity 93.59%, specificity 97.47%) detection with those of DST assay. Concordance rates of testing results for sputum, alveolar lavage fluid, and pleural effusion specimens were 100%. The assay provides a potential choice for TB diagnosis and treatment.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• 제25권6호
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• pp.77-93
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• 2008

Objectives : Though there were many clinical studies of acupuncture effects they didn't have appropriate control group or use another therapy for control group. So, we didn't say it was true acupuncture effect, though subjects in clinical study improved. Recently several sham needles for control group were developed and validated. This study aimed at summarizing the validation studies of these needles and evaluating the control group of the acupuncture clinical study. Methods : Computerized literature searches were performed using 'acupuncture' and 'placebo or sham' with a limitation of the results to RCTs in Pubmed, Sciencedirect, NDSL, KISS, RISS. Data were extracted regarding study design, sample size, acupuncture point, stimulation form, credibility testing. And We have examined 106 acupuncture clinical studies published by Pubmed from January 1, 2005 to April 30, 2008. Data were extracted author's country, subject of study, type of study groups, type of control groups, type of blinding, difference between the results in the control groups. Results : Streitberger's placebo needle, Fink's sham needle, Park sham needle, Kim sham needle were developed. They were validated at domestic and abroad. But the results were deviation depending on the each of the researcher. They has shown that sample, acupuncture points, experiences or knowledge of acupuncture dependent on the results. Recent three years, acupuncture clinical trial had different results. Significant differences between Study group and control group emerged from using other therapy or non-treatment for control group. Many study has no significant differences using sham acupuncture for control groups. Conclusions : Acupuncture clinical studies need to meet several requirements. First of all, they require the basics of randomized controlled clinical studies such as blinding and the accurate implementation and description of randomization. And also need to research the unique circumstances of these studies such as the development of sham acupuncture and blinding method which differs from other clinical trials.