• 노동경제논집
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.1-39
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• 2006

본 논문은 우리나라 노동시장에서 1990년대에 소득 변동성이 증가한 양상을 실증적으로 추정하고, 이러한 소득 변동성의 증가가 자본시장의 개방에 의해 설명될 수 있는지 분석하였다. 소득 변동성 추정에 있어서는 패널 자료가 아닌 반복 횡단면 자료에 간단한 계량모형을 적용하여 임금소득의 일시적 변화와 항구적 변화에 대한 분산을 추정하였다. 1990년대 소득 변동성의 증가 추세는 1992년 주식시장 개방을 필두로 한 우리나라 자본시장 개방과 시기적으로 일치하는 것으로 보이나, 산업 차원에서의 횡단면 분석에 의하면 양자간의 인과관계는 강하지 않은 것으로 추정된다. 다만 외국인 직접투자의 경우 고학력 근로자의 일시적 소득 변동성은 줄이는 효과를, 저학력 근로자의 일시적 소득 변동성은 증가시키는 효과를 갖는 것으로 추정되었다. 이와 같이 근로자 유형별로 비중립적인 효과를 갖는 것은, 자본과 기능의 보완성에 따른 효과로 판단된다. 한편 일시적 소득 변동성이 자본시장에서 충분히 분산될 수 없다면, 이러한 외국인 직접투자의 비중립적 효과는 "임금소득의 변동성"이라는 측면에서 근로자 유형별 복지의 격차를 유발시킬 가능성이 있다고 판단된다.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.893-920
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• 2012

본 연구는 한국 노동패널(KLIPS) 제1차~제12차년도 자료를 이용하여 개인의 전반적 생활만족도(life satisfaction)와 대기오염 사이에 어떤 연관관계가 있는가를 순서형 프로빗(Ordered Probit) 모형으로 추정하였다. 기존 연구에서 고려하고 있는 다양한 개인의 경제적 특성과 사회 인구학적 특성을 동시에 고려하였다. 실증분석 결과 대기오염도는 개인의 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 그 외에 다른 변수들은 기존의 많은 연구결과와 유사한 결론을 보여 주었다. 소득이 증가할수록 생활만족도가 높아지나 어느 수준이 지나면 증가폭이 작아지는 비선형 효과가 나타나 이스털린 역설(Easterlin's paradox)이 의미하는 바가 한국에서도 어느 정도 나타나고 있음을 보여주었다. 본인이 속한 지역의 1인당 소득으로 측정한 타인의 소득 증가는 생활만족도에 부정적 영향을 미치지만, 결혼, 자가주택 보유, 건강, 높은 교육수준은 생활만족도에 긍정적인 영향을 미치고, 가구원수가 많은 가구 구성원, 도시거주자, 실업자, 자영업자인 경우는 생활만족도에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.37-41
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• 2008

Melatonin has been reported to protect neurons from a variety of neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism by which melatonin exerts its neuroprotective property has not yet been clearly understood. We previously demonstrated that melatonin protected kainic acid-induced neuronal cell death in mouse hippocampus, accompanied by sustained activation of Akt, a critical mediator of neuronal survival. To further elucidate the neuroprotective action of melatonin, we examined in the present study the causal mechanism how Akt signaling pathway is regulated by melatonin in a rat primary astrocyte culture model. Melatonin resulted in increased astrocytic Akt phosphorylation, which was significantly decreased with wortmannin, a specific inhibitor of PI3K, suggesting that activation of Akt by melatonin is mediated through the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Furthermore, increased Akt activation was also significantly decreased with luzindole, a non-selective melatonin receptor antagonist. As downstream signaling pathway of Akt activation, increased levels of CREB phoshorylation and GDNF expression were observed, which were also attenuated with wortmannin and luzindole. These results strongly suggest that melatonin exerts its neuroprotective property in astrocytes through the activation of plasma membrane receptors and then PI3K-Akt signaling pathway.

• 부모자녀건강학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.161-176
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• 2002

Among the causes of childhood behavioral problems - that is, physiological, psychological, and environmental factors -, the common element of non-organic psychological and environmental factors is influences from the parents. Roles of mother who does the biggest emotional exchange with the child after birth may have substantial association with the childhood behavioral problems. In this connection, the present explanatory study was conducted for the purpose of understanding the causal structural relationship in which mother's child caring behaviors affect child behavioral problems. The data collection period was July 2 - 7, 2001. The subject was 4th, 5th, 6th graders' mothers in 4 elementary schools located in Daejoen city and 299 surveys were used in the analysis. As for the tools used in this study to assess the mother's child caring Behavior Scale by Park, Seong-Yeon and Yi, Sook (1990) was used to measure the mother's behaviors. The child behavioral problems were measured with the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist (K-CBCL), standardized into the Korean version by O, Gyung-Ja, Yi, Hye-Ryon, Hong, Gang-Eui, and Ha, Eun-Hye. For the data processing, the frequency and the percentage were calculated, and the analyses of variance, correlation were carried out. The result of this study is summarized as follows: First, the examination of the effect of mother's general characteristics on the mother's caring behavior shows that significant differences are made by the active participation (p=0.020) in the occupation, affection(p=0.000), authority control(p=0.013), achievement(p=0.030), active participation(p=0.032) in the education level, consistency regulation(p=0.007) in the religion. Second, the examination of the effect of mother's caring behaviors on the child behavioral problems shows that significant differences are made by some child behavioral problems in the affection, achievement, consistency regulation, authority control, over protection caring behaviors. Third, as for the correlation between mother's child caring behavior and child behavioral problems, a significant correlation is revealed between the negative child caring behavior and child behavioral problems.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.128-135
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• 2009

The survival of Colletotrichum acutatum was investigated in soil, infected fruits, and infected fruit debris incorporated into soil at several temperatures with different soil moisture levels. Samples were examined at 2-week intervals for 18 weeks to determine the survival of the pathogen based on the number of colony forming unit (CFU) of C. acutatum recovered on a semi-selective medium. C. acutatum conidia survived in both sterile and non-sterile soil at 4 and $10^{\circ}C$ for 18 weeks. If infected pepper fruits were completely dried, C. acutatum survived for 18 weeks at temperature from 4 to $20^{\circ}C$. Soil temperature and moisture affected the survival of C. acutatum in infected fruit debris incorporated into soil after air-drying. The effect of soil moisture on survival was weaker at low temperatures than at high temperatures. For up to 16 weeks, conidia were recovered from fruit debris in soil that had been kept at 4 to $20^{\circ}C$ and below 6% soil moisture. Conidia were recovered from fields until approximately 6 months after pepper fruits were harvested. Using PCR with species-specific primers and a pathogenicity test, we identified conidia recovered from soil and infected fruit from both the laboratory and field as C. acutatum and as the primary inoculum causing pepper anthracnose.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권9_10호
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• pp.1340-1348
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• 2005

Consumers are prone to engage in browsing because they are, for a variety of reasons, open to spending opportunities that grab their attentions. In-store browsing is the in-store examination of a retailer's merchandise for recreational or/and informational purposes without an immediate intent to buy. Browsers made more unplanned purchases than non-browsers in a regional mall setting. As a form of on-going search, in-store browsing is a central component in the impulse buying process. The purposes of this study were 1) to examine the causal relationships among fashion involvement, hedonic consumption, browsing and impulse buying behavior, and 2) to investigate the mediating effects of browsing on impulse buying behavior for fashion products. A questionnaire was developed from a literature review and measured on a 7-point rating scale. Data were obtained from 413 students attending universities in Busan. The self-administered questionnaire was given during a scheduled class. Using structural equation modeling, the results indicate that the proposed model of this study is appropriate to explain the mediating effects of browsing on impulse buying behavior for fashion products. The model shows that fashion involvement and hedonic consumption are important as antecedents of browsing in fashion stores, and consumers browsing longer in fashion stores would tend to increase the likelihood of experiencing impulse buying behavior. That is, browsing in store plays an important mediating role in triggering impulse buying behavior for fashion products. The results from this study provide some insights into retail marketing theory supporting the trait and behavioral aspects of impulse buying. Future research and managerial implications are addressed.

• 한국축산식품학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.655-660
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• 2010

This study aimed to identify genetic polymorphisms associated with fatty acid composition in Hanwoo beef. In this study, three SNPs (-867G>C, -877Gdel and 878T>C) were detected in SCD gene by DNA sequencing and PCR-RFLP. Statistical analysis revealed that 878T>C SNP was significantly associated with total saturated (p=0.016), unsaturated (p=0.016), and monounsaturated fatty acid (p=0.026) composition. However, the other two SNPs (-867G>C and -877Gdel) that are detected in the regulatory region of the SCD gene have no association with the fatty acid composition of Hanwoo meat. The 878C (alanine type) allele was found to be associated with 2.2% higher monounsaturated fatty acid, 1.5% lower saturated fatty acid, and 1.4% higher unsaturated fatty acid content than those associated with the 878T (valine type) allele. These results indicate that the non-synonymous SNP (878T>C) in the SCD gene could be a causal mutation that contributes to the MUFA variation in Hanwoo beef.

• 한국지구과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.655-672
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• 2007

이 연구의 목적은 천문학을 전공하지 않은 대학생들의 달 크레이터 생성에 대한 정신모형 형성과정에 활용되는 정보 출처의 종류와 추론의 유형을 알아보는데 있다. 연구 목적을 달성하기 위해, 개별 심층 면담 방법이 설계되었으며, 면담 내용은 분석적 귀납에 의해 생성되었다. 면담은 4명의 대학생들과 개별적으로 이뤄졌으며, 면담 과정은 Seidman의 단계를 따랐다. 연구 결과, 이들은 달 크레이터 생성에 관하여 비과학적이긴 하지만 일관성 있는 설명체계를 형성하고 있었다. 이들은 대체로 운석 충돌에 의해 구덩이가 생성된다고 설명하였으며, 생성된 크레이터의 모양과 관련된 변인으로는 개인마다 차이가 있었으나 운석의 모양을 공통적으로 제시하였다. 이들의 설명체계에 활용된 정보원으로는 일상에서의 경험과 교과지식, 직관이 활용되고 있었고, 인과적 추론, 직관적 추론, 지식기반추론, 비유적 추론을 활용하고 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권9호
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• pp.1353-1362
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• 2016

Hanwoo, a Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreana), has great economic value due to high meat quality. Also, the breed has genetic variations that are associated with production traits such as health, disease resistance, reproduction, growth as well as carcass quality. In this study, next generation sequencing technologies and the availability of an appropriate reference genome were applied to discover a large amount of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in ten Hanwoo bulls. Analysis of whole-genome resequencing generated a total of 26.5 Gb data, of which 594,716,859 and 592,990,750 reads covered 98.73% and 93.79% of the bovine reference genomes of UMD 3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. In total, 2,473,884 and 2,402,997 putative SNPs were discovered, of which 1,095,922 (44.3%) and 982,674 (40.9%) novel SNPs were discovered against UMD3.1 and Btau 4.6.1, respectively. Among the SNPs, the 46,301 (UMD 3.1) and 28,613 SNPs (Btau 4.6.1) that were identified as Hanwoo-specific SNPs were included in the functional genes that may be involved in the mechanisms of milk production, tenderness, juiciness, marbling of Hanwoo beef and yellow hair. Most of the Hanwoo-specific SNPs were identified in the promoter region, suggesting that the SNPs influence differential expression of the regulated genes relative to the relevant traits. In particular, the non-synonymous (ns) SNPs found in CORIN, which is a negative regulator of Agouti, might be a causal variant to determine yellow hair of Hanwoo. Our results will provide abundant genetic sources of variation to characterize Hanwoo genetics and for subsequent breeding.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.321-324
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• 2000

season of 2000. The disease infection usually started from flower, peduncle and young fruits, then moved to flower stalk, stem and leaves. At first, the lesions started with water-soaked, rapidly softened, and then the area gradually expanded. In severely affected film house, the rate of infected fruits reached to 28.6%. Numerous sporangiospores were formed on the diseased fruits, flower stalk, stem and leaves. Most of the sporangiospores were appeare to be rapidly dispersed in the air. The mycelia grew on the surface of host and formed stolons. Colonies on potato dextrose agar were cottony at first brownish black at maturity. Sporangia were 125.3${\times}$294.2 ${\mu}$m. globose or sub-globose with somewhat flattened base. White at first the black, many spored, and are never overhanging. Sporangiophores were 2.7-6.8${\times}$12.9-33.9 ${\mu}$m, smooth-walled, non-septate, light brown, simple, long, arising in groups of 3-5 from stolons opposite rhizoids. Sporangiophores were 8.6-21.1${\times}$6.41-1.7 ${\mu}$m, irregular, round, oval, elongate, angular and brownish-black streaked. Columella were 63.8${\times}$140.4 ${\mu}$m. brownish gray, umberella-shaped when dehisced. The causal organism was identified as Rhizopus stolonifer Lind on the basis of the morphological characteristics of the fungus. Rhizopus soft rot on squash (Cucurbita moschata) caused by the fungi has not been previously reported in Korea.