• IMMUNE NETWORK
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.171-181
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• 2014

Asthma is a common pulmonary disease with several different forms. The most studied form of asthma is the allergic form, which is mainly related to the function of Th2 cells and their production of cytokines (IL-4, IL-5, and IL-13) in association with allergen sensitization and adaptive immunity. Recently, there have been many advances in understanding non-allergic asthma, which seems to be related to environmental factors such as air pollution, infection, or even obesity. Cells of the innate immune system, including macrophages, neutrophils, and natural killer T cells as well as the newly described innate lymphoid cells, are effective producers of a variety of cytokines and seem to play important roles in the development of non-allergic asthma. In this review, we focus on recent findings regarding innate lymphoid cells and their roles in asthma.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.686-693
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• 2005

Purpose. This study was designed to examine the effect of asthma management education program applied to allergic asthma patients receiving immunotherapy due to house dust mite on their stress and compliance with health care regimens. Methods. A quasi experimental design with non-equivalent control group and non-synchronized design was used. The subjects of this study were 61 patients who were receiving immunotherapy at intervals of a week after their symptoms were diagnosed as house dust mite allergic asthma at the pulmonary department of a university hospital in Seoul. They were divided into an experimental group of 29 patients who received asthma management education and a control group of 32 patients. The asthma management education pro-gram was composed of group education (once) and reinforcement education (three times) with environmental therapy and immunotherapy to house dust mite. Results. Stress significantly decreased in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. Compliance with health care regimens significantly increased in the experimental group compared to that in the control group. Conclusions. The results suggested that the asthma management education program is effective for the management of stress and the improvement of compliance in patients with allergic asthma to house dust mite.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.69 no.6
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• pp.411-417
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• 2010

This review highlights articles pertaining to the following 5 topics: the relationship between asthma, allergic and non-allergic rhinitis; the novel asthma phenotypes using cluster analysis; the diagnostic properties of inhaled dry-powder mannitol for the diagnosis of asthma; the value of mepolizumab therapy in exacerbations of refractory eosinophilic asthma; the role of bronchial thermoplasty in the treatment of severe asthma.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.123-135
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• 2015

In order to examine allergic disease experience rates of students at atopy and asthma friendly elementary schools located in Chungcheongnam-do and investigate their dietary behaviors, a survey on 250 parents of first to third grade students at four rural-type atopy and asthma friendly elementary schools was conducted. The number of students who had experienced allergic symptoms (allergic group) was 102 (40.8%). their breastfeeding duration was shorter than that of the non-allergic group (p<.001) and the former's weaning foods-feeding had started earlier than the latter's (p<.01). Regarding the eating habits, the non-allergic group was found to have breakfast and dinner better than the allergic group (p<.001). The number of students eating fruits as snacks was largest in the allergic group at 73 (71.6%), and as for the non-allergic group, their rate of eating fruits, milk and dairy products, and cookies and fries was at 25.7%, 22.3%, and 20.3%, respectively. A high percentage of the allergic group ate three times or less per month the animal food groups and dairy products (p<.001). Accordingly, for improvement in dietary behaviors of students who have allergy against food, nutrition education on regular eating, balanced intake of food, adequate intake of snacks and meals for proper growth and development and precise diagnosis of allergy-triggering food are necessary. In particular, as education on food allergy, implementation of practical education such as appropriate nutrition counseling by nutrition teachers is urgent beyond the one-way educational method of school newsletters.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.997-1006
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• 2023

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Asthma and allergic rhinitis (AR) are closely related and considered as allergic respiratory diseases (ARD), and their prevalence has recently increased. Data on the association of dietary antioxidant vitamin intake with asthma and AR in adults are limited. The present study aimed to investigate the associations of vitamin A and C intake with asthma, AR, and all cases of both diseases in young adults who participated in a cross-sectional national survey, with the use of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level as an effect modifier. SUBJECTS/METHODS: This study included 6,293 male and female adults aged 20-49 years from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) conducted between 2016 and 2018. The questionnaire-based reports on asthma and AR diagnosis were used to determine outcome variables. Further, 24-h recall data on dietary vitamin A and C, carotene, and retinol intake were acquired. Logistic regression analysis was performed to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI). RESULTS: Dietary vitamin C intake was inversely associated with asthma prevalence among participants with hs-CRP levels (≥ 1 mg/L); the OR of asthma prevalence was 0.27 (95% CI, 0.08-0.84) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Similar association analyses limiting to non-users of dietary supplements were performed to rule out the potential effects of supplement intake on the outcomes; results showed a stronger association. However, the association between vitamin C and asthma was not significant in participants with hs-CRP levels < 1 mg/L; the OR of asthma was 1.44 (95% CI, 0.66-3.16) for participants with vitamin C consumption ≥ 75 mg/day compared with those consuming < 20 mg/day. Vitamin C intake was not associated with AR. Moreover, there was no association between vitamin A intake and neither asthma nor AR. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that higher vitamin C intake may play a potential role in reducing asthma prevalence. Nevertheless, further studies should be conducted to evaluate whether this association is causal.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.5 no.1 s.8
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• pp.135-151
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• 2002

Objective: This study was eanied out to investigate the effects of Raphani Semen on immuno-response in the mouse model of allergic asthma. Methods: In this study, BALB/C mice were divided into 6 groups: Normal (Non-treated group), Control (Group with not treated after allergic sensitization and induction by ovalbumin), Treat I (Group with the oral administration of saline after allergic sensitization and induction by ovalbumin), Treat n (Allergic asthma group treated with acupuncture (BL 13)), Treat III (Allergic asthma group treated with the oral administration of Raphani Semen) and Treat lV (Allergic asthma group treated with the herbal-acupuncture of Raphani Semen (BL 13)). The effect on cytokine was assessed by measuring cytokine (lL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-12, IFN-r) in bronchoalveoar lavage fluid(ELISA). ResuJts : The results obtained as follows: 1. The production of Interleukin-2 was decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat n group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 2. The production of Interleukin-4 was decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat II group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. Among them. the production of Interleukin-4 was decreased remarkably in Treat IV group as compared with other groups. 3. The production of Interleukin-5 was decreased significantly in Treat I group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 4. The production of Interleukin-10 was decreased significantly in Treat I group and Treat III group as compared with Control group. 5. The production of Interleukin-12 was all decreased significantly in Treat I group, Treat n group, Treat m group and Treat IV group as compared with Control group. 6. The production of Intelferon- showed no significant changes in Treat I group, Treat n group. Treat m group and Treat Ⅳ group as compared with Control group. Conclusion: These results show that the production of Interleukin-4, 5 was decreased significantly in aJlergic asthma group treated with the herbal-acupuncture of Raph Semen (BL 13), It is known that inactivity of Th2 cell constrained the revelation and controlled hypersenstive action. As to this mechanism, it is suggested that the herbal-acupuncture of Raphani Semen(BL 13) constrained the revelation of allergic asthma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.61-70
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• 2005

Objective : This study was performed to investigate the effects of OWT on allergic bronchial asthma. Methods : The mice were divided into 4 groups induced the allergic bronchial asthma : Three groups(OWT-1, OWT-2, OWT-3) treated OWT and non-treated group(Control). Three oral administration of the herbal solution of OWT were carried out 1 lime a day for 2 weeks before antigen sensitization. 2 days later, the mice were sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin(OA) and then 13 days later they were provoked with OA aerosols. Then the cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), serum level of IgE, WBC, RBC and HCB were measured. Results : 1. On the neutrophil in BALF, OWT-1 group is significantly increased compared with the control group. 2. On the eosinophil in BALF, OWT-1 group tends to decrease compared with the control group but insignificant. 3. On the lymphocyte in BALF, OWT-2 group is significantly decreased compared with the control group. 4. On the macrophage in BALF, OWT-2 group is significantly increased compared with the control group. 5. On the serum IgE, groups OWT-1, OWT-2 and OWT-3 are significantly decreased compared with the control group. 6. On WBC in blood, OWT-1 group is significantly decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions : Based on the above results, it is assumed that the oral administration of OWT can help the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.94-103
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• 2005

Objective: This study was performed to investigate the effects of YTT on allergic bronchial asthma. Methods: The mice were divided into 4 groups induced the allergic bronchial asthma : Three groups(YTT-1, YTT-2, YTT-3) treated YTT and non-treated group(Control). Three oral administration of the herbal solution of YTT were carried out 1 time a day for 2 weeks before antigen sensitization. 2 days later, the mice were sensitized with a subcutaneous injection of ovalbumin(OA) and then 13 days later they were provoked with OA aerosols. Then the cell numbers in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF), serum level of IgE, WBC, RBC and HGB were measured. Results: 1. On the neutrophil in BALF, groups of YTT-2 and YTT-3 are significantly increased compared with the control group. 2. On the eosinophil in BALF, groups of YTT-1 and YTT-3 are significantly decreased compared with the control group. 3. On the lymphocyte in BALF, YTT-3 group is significantly increased compared with the control group. 4. On the macrophage in BALF, groups of YTT-1 and YTT-3 groups tend to increase. 5. On the serum IgE, groups YTT-1, YTT-2 and YTT-3 are significantly decreased compared with the control group. 6. On WBC in blood, groups of YTT-2, YTT-3 are significant1y decreased compared with the control group. Conclusions: Based on the above results, it is assumed that the oral administration of YTT can help the treatment of allergic bronchial asthma.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.284-290
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• 2003

Purpose : A new airway inflammatory marker, exhaled nitric oxide(ENO) has been reported to correlate with bronchial hyperresponsiveness(BHR) and atopy. The purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship of ENO with BHR or atopy in patients with asthma and with allergic rhinitis. Methods : The subjects consisted of 55 children with asthma, 17 with allergic rhinitis, and 14 healthy controls. The asthma group was subdivided into the atopic asthma group(n=37) and the nonatopic asthma group(n=18) and the allergic rhinitis group into BHR group(n=7) and non-BHR group(n=10). All were investigated with spirometry and measurements of ENO concentration. The correlations between ENO concentration and both methacholine $PC_{20}$(provocative concentration causing a 20% decrease in forced expiratory volume in one second) and the number of allergen skin test positivity were analyzed. Results : ENO concentrations of both asthma and allergic rhinitis groups were significantly greater than that of control(P<0.01). ENO concentration of atopic asthma was significantly greater than that of nonatopic asthma(P<0.01). In allergic rhinitis, ENO concentration did not differ according to the presence or absence of BHR(P=0.50). ENO concentrations correlated significantly with the number of skin test positivity(r=0.32, P=0.02) or methacholine $PC_{20}$(r=-0.38, P<0.01) in asthma group, but not in the allergic rhinitis group(r=0.42, P=0.09; r=-0.06, P=0.83). Conclusion : In asthma patients, some pathogenetic mechanisms associated with atopy and BHR seem to influence ENO concentration. In allergic rhinitis patients, some factors other than BHR may be important in determining ENO concentration.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.49-58
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• 2015

Objectives Asthma is an allergic disease that frequently occurs in children. This study aims to research acupuncture and acupoint-application treatment of pediatric asthma. Methods We got 53,653 search results with searching word 'child' 'children' 'pediatric' 'juvenile' 'adolescence' 'baby' 'infant' 'asthma' in Pubmed and got 147 results among them with searching word 'acupuncture' 'acupoint application'. We selected 13 articles among them which were seem to be related to this study. We classified these studies according to the type of study, the treatment methods and treatment outcomes. Results There were few studies about acupuncture and acupoint application on pediatric asthma. According to current research, conducting acupuncture and acupoint application treatment on pediatric asthma patient is recommended. Especially, acupoint application and laser acupuncture treatment were important to consider as treatment options on pediatric asthma patients for non-invasive way and less painful to children. Conclusions For the study on acupuncture and acupoint application treatment in pediatric asthma, it is necessary that we conduct research on various merit of acupuncture. More clinical data would be needed to prove the effects of acupuncture and acupoint application treatment in pediatric asthma.