• 대한통합의학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.141-148
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• 2023

Purpose : This study examined the relationship between suicidal thoughts, hand grip strength, socioeconomic status, educational level, and disease occurrence. Methods : Korean national health and nutrition examination survey 2017 were used in this study. 5,449 were analysed. For comparison between groups, cross-tabulation analysis and mean comparison were performed. Logistic regression analysis were performed to analyze the influencing factors between grip strength and suicidal ideation. Results : Our results are consistent with the literature on the importance of socioeconomic status in health. The lower the level of education, the higher the suicidal thoughts. Being single or divorced was also significantly associated with suicidal ideation. Moreover, a lower income level was significantly associated with a higher suicide intention. Furthermore, older ages, lower educational levels, and lower income were significantly associated with a higher odds ratio of suicidal thoughts. Interestingly, suicidal thoughts were significantly lower among non-smokers. In contrast, suicide intention did not differ significantly according to gender, age, monthly drinking habit, aerobic physical activity, and disease occurrence. Suicidal thoughts decreased as grip strength increased and this was statistically significant. Socioeconomic status, disease occurrence, and handgrip strength level affected the security of an individual's livelihood and were significant risk factors for suicidal thoughts. These associations remained significant in multiple logistic regression even after controlling for all covariates. Conclusion : Future prevention intervention efforts to reduce suicide risks should consider handgrip strength. Studies to explore the possible proximal risk factors and mediators between handgrip strength and suicidal thoughts are also warranted.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.61-73
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• 2023

Objectives: Prophylactic vaccines against high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) hold promise to prevent the development of higher grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN 2+) and cervical cancer (CC) that develop due to HR-HPV genotypes that are included in HPV vaccines, but women will continue to develop CIN 2+ and CC due to HR-HPV genotypes that are not included in the quadrivalent HPV vaccine (qHPV) and 9-valent HPV vaccine (9VHPV). Thus, the current vaccines are likely to decrease but not entirely prevent the development of CIN 2+ or CC. The purpose of the study was to determine the prevalence and determinants of CIN 2+ that develop due to HR-HPVs not included in vaccines. Methods: Study population consisted of 1476 women tested for 37 HPVs and known to be negative for qHPVs (6/11/16/18, group A, n = 811) or 9VHPVs (6/11/16/18/31/33/45/52/58, group B, n = 331), but positive for other HR-HPVs. Regression models were used to determine the association between plasma concentrations of micronutrients, socio-demographic, lifestyle factors and risk of CIN 2+ due to HR-HPVs that are not included in vaccines. Results: The prevalence of infections with HPV 31, 33, 35 and 58 that contributed to CIN 2+ differed by race. In group A, African American (AA) women and current smokers were more likely to have CIN 2 (OR = 1.76, P = 0.032 and 1.79, P = 0.016, respectively) while in both groups of A and B, those with higher vitamin B12 were less likely to have similar lesions (OR = 0.62, P = 0.036 and 0.45, P = 0.035, respectively). Conclusions: We identified vitamin B12 status and smoking as independent modifiable factors and ethnicity as a factor that needs attention to reduce the risk of developing CIN 2+ in the post vaccination era. Continuation of tailored screening programs combined with non-vaccine-based approaches are needed to manage the residual risk of developing HPV-related CIN 2+ and CC in vaccinated women.

• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.117-117
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• 2020

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.124-134
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• 2005

To investigate the exposure effect of polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), we measured airborne total PAHs as an external dose, urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP) as an internal dose of PAHs exposure, and analyzed the relationship between urinary 1-OHP concentration and PAHs exposure. The study population contained 44 workers in steel-pipe coating and paint manufacture industries. The airborne PAHs was obtained during survey day, and urine were sampled at the end of shift. Personal information on age, body weight, height, eniployment duration, smoking habit, and alcohol consumption was obtained by a structured questionnaire. Airborne PAHs were analyzed by the gas chromatograph with mass selective detector. Urinary 1-OHP levels were analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatograph with ultraviolet wavelength detector. For statistical estimation, t-test, ${\chi}^2$-test, analysis of variance, correlation analysis, arid regression analysis were executed by SPSS/PC (Windows version 10). The mean of environmental total PAHs was $87.8{\pm}7.81{\mu}g/m^3$. The mean concentration ($526.5{\pm}2.85{\mu}g/m^3$) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries using coal tar enamel was the higher than that ($17.5{\pm}3.36{\mu}g/m^3$) of workers in paint manufacture industries using coal tar paint. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration ($51.63{\pm}3.144{\mu}\;mol/mol$ creatinine) of workers in steel-pipe coating industries was the higher than that ($2.33{\pm}4.709{\mu}\;mol/mol$ creatinine) of workers in paint manufacture industries. The mean of urinary 1-OHP concentration of smokers was the higher than that of non-smokers. There was significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the environmental concentration of PAHs (r=O.S48, p<0.001), pyrene(r=0.859, p<0.001), and urinary cotinine (r=0.324, p<0.05). The regression equation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP in ${\mu}g/g$ creatinine($C_{1-OHP}$) and airborne concentration of PAHs (or pyrene) in ${\mu}g/m^3$ ($C_{PAHs}$ or Cpyrene) is: Log ($C_{1-OHP}$)=-0.650+0.889×Log($C_{PAHs}$), where $R^2=0.694$ and n=38 for p<0.001.Log ($C_{1-OHP}$)=1.087+0.707${\times}$Log(Cpyrene), where $R^2=0.713$ and n=38 for p<0.001. From the results of stepwise multiple regression analysis about 1-OHP, significant independents were total PAHs and urinary cotinine (adjusted $R^2=0.743$, p<0.001). In this study, there were significant correlation between the urinary concentration of 1-OHP and the airborne concentration of PAHs. The urinary 1-OHP was effective index as a biomarker of airborne PAHs in workplace. But it was influenced by non-occupational PAHs source, smoking.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.426-436
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• 2001

연구목적 : 이 연구는 우리 나라 청년들의 군 입대 후 병영대 흡연실태를 파악하여 군 흡연예방 분야의 보건정책 자료로 제공하여 군 장병들의 건강증진 추진방향을 제시하고자 실시하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 연구대상은 K시 근교에 위치한 육군보병사단의 대대급 17개 부대에 근무하고 있는 일부병사 1,033명을 대상으로 2000년 10월 2일부터 10월 12일까지 구조화된 설문지를 이용하여 조사하였으며, 병사들의 흡연에 영향을 미치는 특성을 알아보았다. 결 과 : 1) 연구대상자 1,033명중 흡연 경험자는 830명(80.3%)이었고 현재 흡연자는 759명(73.4%)이었다. 2) 군 입대 전 흡연자 734명중 714명(97.2%)이 조사시점 현재 계속 흡연하고 있었으며 군 입대 전 비흡연자 299명중 45명(15.0%)이 새로 흡연하고 있었다. 3) 로지스틱 회귀분석중 단일변량 분석에서는 연령, 종교, 입대전 적업, 신병훈련부대, 주특기, 학력, 군 입대 전 친구흡연, 병영내 친구의 흡연, 간부실내 흡연시 태도, 용돈, 이성교재, 음주여부, 금연권유, 흡연장소, 흡연태도 점수등이 유의한 관련요인으로 나타났으며 다변량 분석에서는 학력, 주특기, 입대전 친구흡연, 병영내 친구흡연, 간부흡연시 태도, 이성교제, 음주여부, 병영생활 만족도, 부대내 흡연장소, 흡연태도 점수가 병사들의 흡연에 유의한 관련 요인으로 나타났다. 결 론 : 병사들의 흡연에 관련된 요인은 군 입대 전 개인환경과 일반특성, 병영내 특수한 환경이 복합적으로 관여하기 때문이라고 판단된다. 따라서 전역후 우리나라 사회기반의 초석이자 미래의 지도자가 될 국군병사들의 건강증진을 위해서 이러한 특성을 고려하여 금연운동, 금연교육, 홍보활동 등 차후 병영내 금연 사업 추진방향을 모색하는 것이 바람직하겠다고 생각한다.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.27-44
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• 2024

목적: 본 연구는 청소년의 생활습관과 흡연경험의 연관성을 알아보고 영향요인을 파악하여 청소년 흡연 예방을 위한 기초자료 제공하고자 하였다. 방법: 청소년건강행태조사 제17차(2021년) 자료를 활용한 2차 자료 분석으로 설계하였다. 연구대상은 796개 학교 54,848명의 자료를 사용하였으며 연구변수는 일반적특성, 흡연유무와 생활습관인 식습관, 신체활동습관, 수면습관, 스트레스인지정도를 사용하였다. 분석방법으로는 연구대상의 일반적 특성은 빈도분석, 흡연유무에 따른 일반적특성과 생활습관의 차이는 빈도분석과 Pearson Chis-square 검정을 실시하였다. 생활습관이 흡연경험에 미치는 영향요인을 알아보기 위해 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하였다. 모든 분석은 IBM SPSS Statistics 28을 이용하였고 p<0.05인 경우 통계적으로 유의하다고 판단하였다. 결과: 일반적 특성에서 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 흡연경험이 없는 그룹보다 남학생이 더 많았다(67.4% : 50.1%)(p<0.001). 흡연경험 유무에 따른 생활습관의 차이를 분석한 결과 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 아침식사를 0일 하는 경우(27.7%), 과일섭취를 0번하는 경우(17.8%), 패스트푸드를 매일 3번이상 먹는 경우(0.9%)가 더 많았다(p<.001). 흡연경험 유무에 따른 신체활동습관은 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 60분 이상 숨이 찬 정도의 신체활동을 주 7회 하는 경우(8.4%), 고강도 신체활동을 주 5일 이상 하는 경우가(18.7%)가 더 많았다(p<.001). 수면을 통해 피로회복 정도는 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 전혀 충분하지 않다(21.6%)와 평상시 스트레스를 느끼는 정도가 아주 심한 경우(17.2%)가 흡연경험이 있는 그룹에서 더 많았다(p<.001). 생활습관과 흡연과의 연관성을 분석한 결과, 아침식사를 0일 하는 경우가 매일 하는 경우 보다 흡연가능성이 증가하였으며(OR=1.759, p<.001), 과일섭취를 0번 섭취하는 경우가 매일 3번 이상 섭취하는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 증가하였다(OR=1.921, p<.001). 패스트푸드 섭취를 0번 하는 경우는 매일 3번 이상하는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 감소하였다(OR=0.206, p<.001). 수면으로 피로회복정도가 충분한 경우는 충분하지 않는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 감소하였으며(OR=0.458, p<.001), 스트레스를 가장 많이 느끼는 경우는 스트레스를 느끼지 않는 경우보다 흡연경험 가능성이 증가하였다(OR=1.260, p<.05). 결론: 청소년의 생활습관은 흡연경험과 연관성이 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 통해 청소년의 흡연 예방을 위한 정책 및 프로그램 개발 시 흡연행위 뿐만아니라 생활습관을 고려하여 다각적인 측면으로 교육 및 지도하는 방안을 모색할 수 있을 것이다. 이에 본 연구가 건강하고 올바른 생활습관 개선을 통한 청소년의 흡연 예방을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있기를 기대한다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.221-228
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• 2006

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to shed further light on the effect of modifiable health behavior risk factors on dependence in activities of daily living, defined in a multidimensional fashion. Methods: The study participants were 10,278 middle aged Americans in a longitudinal health study, the Health and Retirement Survey (HRS). A multi-stage probability sampling design incorporating the effect of population sizes (Metropolitan and non-metropolitan), ethnicity (the non- Hispanic White, the Hispanic, and the Black), and age (age 51-61) was utilized. Basic Activities of Daily Living (ADL) were measured using five activities necessary for survival (impairment in dressing, eating, bathing, sleeping, and moving across indoor spaces). Explanatory variables were four health behavior risk factors included smoking, exercise, Body Mass Index (BMI), and alcohol consumption. Results: Most participants at baseline were ADL independent (1992). 97.8% of participants were independent in all ADL's at baseline and 78.2% were married. Approximately 27.5% were current smokers at baseline, and the subjects reported moderate or heavy exercise were 74.8%. All demographic characteristics and behavioral risk factors were significantly associated with the ADL status at Wave 4 except alcohol consumption. Risk behaviors such as current smoking, sedentary life style and high BMI at Wave 1 were associated with ADL status deterioration; however, moderate alcohol consumption tended to be more related to better ADL status than abstaining at Wave 4. ADL status at Wave 1 was the strongest factor and the next was exercise and smoking affecting ADL status at Wave 4. People who were in ADL dependent at Wave 1 were 15.17 times more likely to be ADL dependent at Wave 4 than people who were in ADL independent at Wave 1. Concerning smoking cigarettes, people who kept only light exercise or sedentary life style at Wave 1 were 1.70 times more likely to be died at Wave 4 than the people who did not smoke at Wave 1. Conclusions: All demographics and health behaviors at wave 1 had consistently similar OR trends for ADL status to each other except alcohol consumption. Smoking and exercise in health behaviors, and age and gender in demographics at Wave 1 were significant factors associated with ADL group separation at Wave 4.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.895-908
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• 2013

The purpose of this study is to examine female baby boomers' dietary habits and their attitudes together with their needs for future perspectives of dietary life. Our aim is to use these findings as a basic data when forecasting for food-related industries or policy making. A survey is being carried out for a total of 358 female baby boomers and analyzed by SPSS 12.0. The following is a summary of this study. The average age is 52.6 years old, most of them graduated from highschool (63.1%) and had a nuclear type of family (76.1%). Only 39.0% is composed of housewives, others had either full-time or part-time jobs. Self-assessment of stress is not so high and only 8.1% are dissatisfied with their lives. 38.2% are either overweight or obese in terms of BMI, and most of them are non-smokers (97.2%) or non-drinkers (63.0%). Their mean dietary habit scores are $70.6{\pm}11.8$, and the scores show significant relations with their education levels (p<0.01), monthly income (p<0.01), life satisfaction rates (p<0.001), stress levels (p<0.001), smoking habits (p<0.05), drinking habits (p<0.05), regular exercises (p<0.001) and regular health check-ups (p<0.05). The rate of skipping breakfast, lunch and dinner are 18.2%, 1.1%, 5.2% respectively. The main reason for skipping breakfast is the 'lack of time'. With regards to the frequency of grocery shopping, almost half of the subjects (55.7%) said '1~2 times per week' and bought mainly raw food sources such as vegetables, fruits, and meats. The majority of the subjects (91.3%) report that they cooked meals at homes, and took about 1 hour of time. The subjects also point out that cooking was a bothering task, and only 46.4% would prepare meals at home, while others would rather eat out or eat convenience foods. The main reasons for not wanting meal services in the elderly welfare facility are because they didn't want to live such places (48.4%) and the meals are tasteless (31.3%). As for delivery meal services, 60.1% are aware of it, and 39.9% would consider using it in the future. Factors to be considered when using the delivery meal service are sanitation (43.7%), nutrition (28.7%), taste (18.4%), price (6.3%), and brand name (2.9%). This study is expected to be used as useful information when developing food-related strategies for baby boomers in the future.

• 한국보건간호학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.312-329
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• 2004

This study was examined 718 workers who had consistent blood pressure results in 2001 and 2002 general health examinations that were held at a work places managed by a health care agency in Seoul. Significant results are found as follows by analysing SPSS 11.0 on the result of self-recorded questionnaires investigated from Mar 1, 2003 to April 30, 2003. 1. A sampled healthy group and a sampled unhealthy group had significant differences in four variables out of possible nineteens that are sex, age, marriage and occupation. The unhealthy group had more males than females, more aged (over 50 years old) than youngers (under 50 years old), more married than singles, more manufacturing workers than non-manufacturing workers. In the case of systolic blood pressure, as the healthy group had 16.52mmHg while that of the other group had 149. 58mmHg, 33.06mmHg of difference between those groups were detected. In the case of diastolic blood pressure, 74.93mmHg of the healthy group and 96.53mmHg of the unhealthy group yielded 21.60mmHg of difference between them. This result implies that a guidance of health care is required to be aware of 20-30mmHg volatility in blood pressure rate or to understand and treat properly own blood pressure. as it is difficult to detect hypertension in early stage due to no initial symptom. According to the result. an establishment of management system of workers, companies and health care agencies is required for consist health care. 2. In terms of risky habits to health, the unhealthy group had more proportion of past smokers, over-twice-a-week drinkers, people with higher obesity rate. However, in terms of excercise, the proportion of regularly exercising people is higher in the unhealthy group while that of non-exercising people is higher in the healthy group. On the other hand. the average grade of health practicing behaviour in two groups are not significantly different as the health group had 3.00 out of possible 6.00 while the other had 3.10. This result means that as workers are not interested in health practicing behaviour. health promoting programmes must be developed in such a way of various method of motivations and incentives. Particularly this implies that distortional objectives of exercises should be readjusted through health guidance. 3. Systolic blood pressure in the healthy group can be explained by sex and the obesity rate while that in the unhealthy group can be explained by subjective health awareness and the obesity. Diastolic blood pressure in the healthy group can be explained by sex and the obesity rate like the former. The obesity rate was significant variable affecting the blood pressure of both groups, and particularly the effect to the unhealthy group was remarkably higher than that to the healthy group. Therefore, this research identified that the health care on the blood pressure of workers is not only limited to hypertension patients, but also extended to all workers. In order for consistent care, an establishment of management system of workers, companies and health care agencies is required.

• Pediatric Infection and Vaccine
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2017

목적: 예방접종 정책과 프로그램 수립에 있어 청소년의 인플루엔자 백신접종률은 중요한 정보를 제공한다. 본 연구는 국내 청소년의 인플루엔자 예방접종률을 파악하고 이에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 방법: 2007년부터 2012년 그리고 2014년에 시행된 제4-6기 국민건강영양조사에 참여한 만 12-18세 청소년 중 인플루엔자 백신 예방접종 여부에 유, 무를 응답한 5,213명을 대상으로 건강설문 자료를 활용하여 분석하였다. 결과: 연구 대상자의 인플루엔자 예방접종률은 23.2% (범위, 21.1%-24.7%)였다. 연구 대상자들 중, 초등학생인 경우(odds ratio [OR], 1.706; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.526-1.906)와 주관적 건강 인식에서 건강 인식이 좋을수록(OR, 1.192; 95% CI, 1.057-1.344) 더 높은 접종률을 보였다. 음주를 하지 않고(OR, 1.769; 95% CI, 1.474-2.122) 흡연 경험이 없는 청소년(OR, 1.459; 95% CI, 1.144-1.860)에서 접종률이 높았고, 폐렴으로 의사에게 진단받은 경험이 있는 경우(OR, 1.469; 95% CI, 1.076-2.006) 접종을 많이 하는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론: 국내 청소년 중 예방접종률이 낮은 집단인 중, 고등학생과 주관적으로 건강상태가 나쁘다고 생각하는 그룹 및 음주, 흡연을 하는 청소년들을 대상으로 한 적극적인 예방접종 홍보 정책이 요구된다.