• Journal of Korea Technology Innovation Society
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.292-312
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• 2017

The purposes of this research are to verify: first, if the technology appraisal model reflects the company's management performance and the rates of bankruptcy and overdue; second, if the existing classification system of technology levels is suitable; and third, which is the most important appraisal factor that defines the classification system of technology levels. As a result of the analysis, financial performance (stability) and non-financial performance (technology environment) proved to be significant variables in explaining technology ratings. According to the verification of the suitability of classification system, it appeared that there is a significant difference in all appraisal items of all groups. The result of neural networks model verification indicates that the most important variable was the R&D capacity, the second variables which determine the suitability of technology financing were indicators related to the company management. The second variables which determine a company's technological excellence were a company's technological base. To summarize, the technology appraisal model not only reflects both managerial performance and risks of a company, but also anticipates the future by converging the management competence and technological competitiveness into R&D capacity. This implies that if the 'forward-looking' technology appraisal model is integrated into the existing, credit rating model, the appraisal model may have positive impact on improving anticipation and stability.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.22
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• pp.137-165
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• 2007

It seems high time to increase productivity by adopting e-business to overcome challenges posed by both external factors including the appreciation of Korean won, oil hikes and fierce global competition and domestic issues represented by disparities between large corporations and small and medium enterprises (SMEs), Seoul metropolitan and local cities, and export and domestic demand all of which weaken future growth engines in the Korean economy. The demands of the globalization era are for innovative changes in businessprocess and industrial structure aiming for creating new values. To this end, e-business is expected to play a core role in the sophistication of the Korean economy through new values and innovation. In order to examine business performance in e-business-adopting industries, this study analyzed the home shopping industry by closely looking into the financial ratios including the ratio of net profit to sales, the ratio of operation income to sales, the ratio of gross cost to sales cost, the ratio of gross cost to selling, general and administrative (SG&A) expense, and return of investment (ROI). This study, for best outcome, referred to corporate financial statements as a main resource to calculate financial ratios by utilizing Data Analysis, Retrieval and Transfer System (DART) of the Financial Supervisory Service, one of the Korea's financial supervisory authorities. First of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of net profit to sales is as following. CJ Home Shopping has registered a remarkable increase in its ratio of net profit rate to sales since 2002 while its competitors find it hard to catch up with CJ's stunning performances. This is partly due to the efficient management compared to CJ's value of capital. Such significance, if the current trend continues, will make the front-runner assume the largest market share. On the other hand, GS Home Shopping, despite its best organized system and largest value of capital among others, lacks efficiency in management. Second of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of operation income to sales is as following. Both CJ Home Shopping and GS Home Shopping have, until 2004, recorded similar growth trend. However, while CJ Home Shopping's operating income continued to increase in 2005, GS Home Shopping observed its operating income declining which resulted in the increasing income gap with CJ Home Shopping. While CJ Home Shopping with the largest market share in home shopping industryis engaged in aggressive marketing, GS Home Shopping due to its stability-driven management strategies falls behind CJ again in the ratio of operation income to sales in spite of its favorable management environment including its large capital. Companies in the Group B were established in the same year of 2001. NS Home Shopping was the first in the Group B to shift its loss to profit. Woori Home Shopping has continued to post operating loss for three consecutive years and finally was sold to Lotte Group in 2007, but since then, has registered a continuing increase in net income on sales. Third of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to sales cost is as following. Since home shopping falls into sales business, its cost of sales is much lower than that of other types of business such as manufacturing industry. Since 2002 in gross costs including cost of sales, SG&A expense, and non-operating expense, cost of sales turned out to have remarkably decreased. Group B has also posted a notable decline in the same sector since 2002. Fourth of all, the result of the trend analysis on the ratio of gross cost to SG&A expense is as following. Due to its unique characteristics, the home shopping industry usually posts ahigh ratio of SG&A expense. However, more than 80% of SG&A expense means the result of lax management and at the same time, a sharp lower net income on sales than other industries. Last but not least, the result of the trend analysis on ROI is as following. As for CJ Home Shopping, the curve of ROI looks similar to that of its investment on fixed assets. As it turned out, the company's ratio of fixed assets to operating income skyrocketed in 2004 and 2005. As far as GS Home Shopping is concerned, its fixed assets are not as much as that of CJ Home Shopping. Consequently, competition in the home shopping industry, at the moment, is among CJ, GS, Hyundai, NS and Woori Home Shoppings, and all of them need to more thoroughly manage their costs. In order for the late-comers of Group B and other home shopping companies to advance further, the current lax management should be reformed particularly on their SG&A expense sector. Provided that the total sales volume in the Internet shopping sector is projected to grow over 20 trillion won by the year 2010, it is concluded that all the participants in the home shopping industry should put strategies on efficient management on costs and expenses as their top priority rather than increase revenues, if they hope to grow even further after 2007.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.113-122
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• 2012

A success of opening a business should be supported with complete preparations and implementation. While there have been various educational programs for opening a business to support its success, there have not been a lot of studies on the relationships between educational programs and operational performance in small businesses, due to the difficulties of empirical survey. In this point, this study attempts to understand the relationships between preparation of opening a business and operational performance, while dividing samples into two groups (1. a group completing educational programs for opening a business, 2. a group non-completing). For the perspectives of the preparation of opening a business, various success factors have been suggested through various studies, but the perspectives and approaches of balanced business operation have been required. Therefore, using BSC, it developed a framework with the four perspectives of preparation for opening a business, and empirically reviewed the relationships between the four perspectives and operational performances in small businesses. It conducted a survey on the total 252 samples, whose business periods are less than 5 years. As the results, the preparations of financial and customer/marketing perspectives have significant relationships between operational performances in total samples, preparations of financial, customer/marketing, and growth-strategies perspectives in the educational program completing group and only preparation of financial perspectives in the non-completing group have significant relationship with operational performances. The differences between the two groups may imply that educational programs for opening a business may be helpful for preparation of opening a business and have some possibility of direct and indirect effects for the success of opening a business. Also, the developed BSC based-preparation framework for opening a business is meaningful for the view of balanced business operations, and can contribute to develop the educational programs for opening a business.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.299-320
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• 2009

This paper firstly aims to classifying the applicability of the Balanced Scorecard approach to Korean ocean-going shipping firms' management system. The applicability of this approach is from Korean shipping firms using Balanced Scorecard will create more effective and efficient organizational performance with reflecting non-financial indexes and making a balance among missions in organization. Secondly, the paper suggests positive information and theoretical evidences to improve Korean shipping firms' management system examines an availability of the Balanced Scorecard as one method of management tools. So these factors are analysed by structural equation model. This study provides CEO in Korean ocean-going shipping firm the guideline and availability of the Balanced Scorecard as to what kinds of factors should be considered and what is the most critical factor to adopt the BSC into their business.

• The Journal of Industrial Distribution & Business
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.25-31
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• 2020

Purpose: The AEO (Authorized Economic Operator) program, created in 2001 in the United States due to 9.11 terrorist's attack, fundamentally changed the trade environment. Korea, which introduced AEO program in 2009, has become one of the world's top countries in the program by ranking 6th in the number of AEO certified companies and the world's No. 1 in MRA (Mutual Recognition Agreement) conclusions. In this paper, we examined what trade-economic and non-economic effects the AEO program and its MRA have in Korea. Research design, data and methodology: In this study we developed a model to verify the impact between utilization of AEO and trade-economic effects of the AEO and its MRA. After analyzing the validity and reliability of the model through Structural Equation Model we conducted a survey to request AEO companies to respond their experience on the effects of AEO program and MRA. As a result, 196 responses were received from 176 AEO companies and utilized in the analysis. Results: With regard to economic effects, the AEO program and the MRA have not been directly linked to financial performance, such as increased sales, increased export and import volumes, reduced management costs, and increased operating profit margins. However, it was analyzed that the positive effects of supply chain management were evident, such as strengthening self-security, monitoring and evaluating risks regularly, strengthening cooperation with trading companies, enhancing cargo tracking capabilities, and reducing the time required for export and import. Conclusions: When it comes to the trade-economic effects of AEO program and its MRA, AEO companies did not satisfy with direct effects, such as increased sales and volume of imports and exports, reduced logistics costs. However, non-economic effects, such as reduced time in customs clearance, freight tracking capability, enhanced security in supply chain are still appears to be big for them. In a rapidly changing trade environment the AEO and MRA are still useful. Therefore the government needs to encourage non-AEO companies to join the AEO program, expand MRA conclusion with AEO adopted countries especially developing ones and help AEO companies make good use of AEO and MRA.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.181-192
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• 2014

This study suggests consulting directions for non-profit private organizations which were found to be inefficient in the efficiency analysis for the public activities support projects on those organizations performed by the Korean government. An ANOVA analysis on seven types of public activities support projects showed that there were differences among those types. By applying CCB-I, BCC-I, Super efficiency models among DEA, performance efficiencies were analyzed. Four input elements (age of the organization, supported amount, number of members, and the number of workers) and three output elements (project scores, financial scores, and comprehensive scores) were analyzed, and high efficient organizations were found as benchmarking objects, and, through super efficiency analysis, those objects were classified into short, mid, and long-term objects. Through such methods, this research provided organizations with the best information on other organizations to learn from and improve themselves.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
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• v.61 no.4
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• pp.63-73
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• 2019

Coastal and fishing facilities are gradually deteriorating in function due to the continual accumulation of soil sediments, which has affected local economic activities. Currently, there are many methods to remove soil sediments, but these methods are either a temporary solution or require a repetitive removal of the soil sediments, which is a huge financial burden for the maintenance of the facilities. To solve these problems, this study proposed a non-power soil cleaning system and evaluated field applicability by carrying out field model tests. The conditions for the evaluation focused on the drainage-elapsed time and drainage-outflow velocity according to the water level change in the water tank. In the field test, silty clay and sand were separately installed, and sedimentation soil removal test was practiced. As a result, the system was verified to have a sufficient outflow velocity for the removal of soil sediments. In addition, a generalization equation that can be used in different regions of the tide was suggested in this study. These results will greatly contribute to removing soil sediments in ports and dike gate facilities on the southwest coast. Since the system is an eco-friendly technology that does not require additional energy, thus it is expected to contribute to maintenance of sustainable facility performance as well as economic effect in the future.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.11-21
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• 2020

This paper analyzed the statistical status of public properties, management organization, operational performance focused on Gyeonggido. And This paper tried to get some implications through comparative analysis of public property management system of Gyeonggido and other local governments including Seoul, Incheon. The survey was also conducted on the whole practitioners of public property management in Gyeonggido. As a result of analysis, although Gyeonggido has an urgent need to raise funds because financial independence is insurfficient, non-tax revenues from it's own public properties are insignificant compared to holdings. The major reason would be pointed out that the dedicated management department on public property is not composed and lack of workforce. The survey results conformed that establishment of the dedicated department to public property management is urgent by reorganization of management structure for the higher operational performance.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.43 no.3
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• pp.143-155
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• 2020

The relationship between companies in the supply chain is a core competency of the company and key indicator which determines the survival of a company. Therefore, companies are investing in efforts for inter-company relations, and related studies have been conducted for a long time. However, in the supply chain, the positions and characteristics of suppliers and buyers are not the same. Therefore, research is needed to better understand and respond to other characteristics of the relationship between suppliers and buyers. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristics of the resources held between the buyer and the supplier through social capital, which is a value asset that can be used as a resource created through social relations, and whether it affects the commitment of the relationship. In addition, The core of this study was to statistically analyze the differences between suppliers and buyers through this analysis. This study was conducted by surveying companies that are suppliers and buyers along the supply chain. The difference between the supplier and the buyer was revealed through empirical analysis, and statistically, the difference between the two groups was also revealed. As a result of the analysis, the higher the involvement of the buyer, the more significant the result of structural capital was, and the result was statistically opposite to the supplier. As for the relationship capital, quantitative and qualitative relationship capital had different effects on the commitment. Both the supplier and the buyer had a positive effect on relationship performance. However, the effect of emotional commitment on non-financial relationship performance has a greater degree of influence on suppliers, and it appears in statistical differences. This study revealed differences in the relationship between suppliers and buyers, and found that different investments and efforts were required for each group.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.29 no.5
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• pp.155-164
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• 2024

This study proposes an unsupervised learning-based clustering model to estimate the ESG ratings of domestic public institutions. To achieve this, the optimal number of clusters was determined by comparing spectral clustering and k-means clustering. These results are guaranteed by calculating the Davies-Bouldin Index (DBI), a model performance index. The DBI values were 0.734 for spectral clustering and 1.715 for k-means clustering, indicating lower values showed better performance. Thus, the superiority of spectral clustering was confirmed. Furthermore, T-test and ANOVA were used to reveal statistically significant differences between ESG non-financial data, and correlation coefficients were used to confirm the relationships between ESG indicators. Based on these results, this study suggests the possibility of estimating the ESG performance ranking of each public institution without existing ESG ratings. This is achieved by calculating the optimal number of clusters, and then determining the sum of averages of the ESG data within each cluster. Therefore, the proposed model can be employed to evaluate the ESG ratings of various domestic public institutions, and it is expected to be useful in domestic sustainable management practice and performance management.