• 마케팅과학연구
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.28-36
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• 2009

现有的文献广泛的关注财阀以及他们的所有权和支配权的优点和弱点, 但是几乎没有关于韩国非财阀公司的研究. 然而, Lee, Lee and Pennings (2001)并没有特别的探讨在韩国国内市场非财阀公司为求生存而对抗财阀公司的具有竞争力的战略. 本文的研究动机是通过四个探索性案例的研究, 韩国非财阀公司对抗财阀公司的成功的竞争战略和提出的建议可能会对其他的企业以及公共政策制定者有所帮助. 从产品相似性和公司内的合作关系分别定义竞争和合作的概念. 从这两个方面, 我们开发了以下$2{\times}2$ 矩阵, 为非财阀公司对抗财阀公司提供四种竞争战略. 在小组1的非财阀公司在高端市场对财阀公司让步, 但在低端市场有 "我也是在低端市场" 的产品, 同时承认在高端市场的财阀. 在小组2, 非财阀公司以供应商或互补企业的身份成为财阀公司的合伙人. 在小组3, 非财阀企业从事与财阀直接竞争. 在小组4, 非财阀企业的目标, 以产品创新或服务填补目标市场空白点. 我们选择的4个公司分别是E‐Rae电子企业公司(共存方), Intops(供应商), Pantech(竞争对手)和Humax(小众市场成员). 通过分析这4个案例, 相互提供更丰富的洞察力战略. 基于我们的概念框架, 提出下列假设 : 假设1 : 与财阀公司有合作关系的非财阀公司比没有合作关系的公司表现得更好. 假设1a: 共存方会比竞争方表现得更好. 假设1b: 合伙方会比小众市场成员表现得更好. 假设2: 与财阀公司的产品没有相似性的公司比有相似性的公司表现得要更好. 假设2a: 合伙方比共存放表现得更好 假设2b: 小众市场成员会比竞争方表现得更好. 假设3: 小众市场成员应比共存方表现得更好. 假设4: 按绩效的降序排列依次是合作者, 小众市场成员, 共存方, 竞争方. 一组专家按照我们4组的分类把216家非财阀公司分类. 用SPSS统计软件中的简单方差分析来检验假设. 结果发现. 与财阀公司有合作关系的以及提供与财阀公司不同的产品或服务比较好. 很明确的一点是, 平均来说, 若要对抗财阀公司中获利, 其战略是成为合伙人(供应商或组成部分). 直接与财阀公司硬碰硬的竞争是要付出极高代价的战略, 而这种代价不是非财阀公司能负担得起的. 避免与财阀公司迎面竞争的战略是用不同的产品服务于利己市场, 或是服务于被财阀公司忽视掉的低端市场. 些战略是比较好的生存战略. 本文说明在财阀环境中, 韩国的中小型非财阀公司有一些方法可以生存, 尽管不是没有风险. 根据不同的竞争组合, 合作的公司可以根据产品相似性以及合作关系的维度来选择定位从而制定自己的竞争战略. 例如共存方, 竞争对手, 合伙人, 小众市场成员. 根据我们的探索性案例分析, 合伙人对非财阀公司来说可能是最好的战略, 而竞争者则是有很大风险的. 小众市场成员和共存方处于中间, 但前者比后者要好. 很多中小型企业的管理者只是用简单的, 不是合作就是竞争的观点来审视市场的领导者‐典型的就是财阀. 结果. 很多非财阀公司变成被动的合作者或被自己的竞争对手财阀所击败. 事实上, 合作和竞争并不是互相排斥的, 是可以同时被追求的. 正如本文所建议的, 非财阀公司可以根据他们的环境, 内部资源和能力灵活的选择合作和竞争.

• 대한자기공명의과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한자기공명의과학회 2001년도 제6차 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.152-152
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• 2001

Purpose： The most common instrumental approach to automatic shimming has been based on iterativ. optimization routine(e.g., simplex) to adjust shim settings to maximize the envelope of the FID. Disadvantage of iterative method, however, is very long to compute shim values. Thi paper supposes a non-iterative method that uses 2-D field map to adjust shim settin rapidly.

• 센서학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.294-299
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• 2018

This article describes the output properties of non-dispersive infrared carbon dioxide($CO_2$) sensors resulting from the changes in ambient temperatures. After the developed sensor module was installed inside the gas chamber, the temperature was set to 267 K, 277 K, 300 K, and 314 K, and the concentrations of $CO_2$ gas were increased from 0 to 5,000 ppm. Then, the output voltage at each concentration was obtained. Through these experimental results, two observations were made. First, both the $CO_2$ sensor and the reference sensor showed an increase in the output voltages as the temperature rose from 0 ppm, Second, the full scale outputs of the $CO_2$ sensor grew as the temperature increased. The output characteristics were analyzed based on two factors: change in the radiant energy of the infrared light source and change in the absorptivity of $CO_2$ gas according to the ambient temperature. Additionally, temperature compensation methods were discussed.

• 센서학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.456-460
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• 2021

In this study, a Non-Dispersive Infrared (NDIR) Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) sensor with an externally exposed optical cavity is proposed for improving sensitivity. NDIR CO₂ sensors with high performance must use a lamp-type infrared (IR) source with a strong IR intensity. However, a lamp-type IR source generates high thermal energy that induces thermal noise, interfering with the accuracy of the CO₂ concentration measure. To solve this problem, the optical cavity of the NDIR CO₂ sensor is exposed to quickly dissipate heat. As a result, the proposed NDIR CO₂ sensor has a shorter warm-up time and a higher sensitivity compared to the conventional NDIR CO₂ sensor.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.75-80
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• 2010

We report Co-tetramethoxyphenylporphyrin on carbon particles (Co-TMPP/C) as a non-Pt catalyst for tri-iodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The presence of well-dispersed carbon and cobalt source in the catalyst surface is confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray analysis. In the C 1s, Co 2p, and N 1s peaks measured by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the C-N, Co-$N_4$, and N-C are assigned to the component at 285.7, 781.8, and 401 eV, respectively. Especially, the Co-TMPP/C shows improved current density, diffusion coefficient, and charge-transfer resistance in the ${I_3}^-/I^-$ redox reaction compared to conventional catalysts. Furthermore, in the DSSCs performance, the Co-TMPP/C shows increased short circuit current density, higher open circuit voltage, and improved cell efficieny in comparison with Pt/C.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제45회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.55-58
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• 2012

EINOx scaling for $H_2/CO$ non-premixed turbulent jet flame was conducted. NOx concentration and flame length were measured simultaneously with varying flow conditions. Flame length increases with Reynolds number which means the flames in buoyancy-momentum transition region. We assessed the previous Chen & Driscoll's scaling with present results. However, the scaling cannot satisfy the present results. We proposed new scaling which is addressed the simplified flame residence time. The new scaling satisfies the results of $H_2/CO$ syngas flame as well as pure hydrogen flames.

• 한국연소학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국연소학회 2012년도 제44회 KOSCO SYMPOSIUM 초록집
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• pp.259-261
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• 2012

The effect of fuel composition and coaxial air on the nitrogen oxide emission index was studied in a non-premixed turbulent jet flame. Validity of experimental setup and methodology is checked. The NOx emission trend is similar with previous works in hydrogen flame, but it's not well in $H_2/CO$ flame. Normalized EINOx scaling with modified $S_G$ applying near-field concept was conducted. Experimental data don't collapse single correlation curve, but partially same trend is observed in all cases.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제26권10호
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• pp.1458-1464
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• 2002

$CO_2$ is well known greenhouse gas which is the major source of global warming. Reducing $CO_2$ emission in combustion process can be achieved by increasing combustion efficiency, oxygen enriched combustion and recirculation of the emitted $CO_2$ gas. Stability of non-premixed flame in oxygen enriched environment will be affected by the amount of oxygen, kind of diluents and fuel exit velocity. The effects of these parameters on flame liftoff and blowout are studied experimentally oxidizer coflowing burner. Experiments were divided into three cases according as where $CO_2$gas was supplied. - 1) to coflowing air, 2) to fuel with 0$_2$-$N_2$ coflow, 3) to coflowing oxygen. Flame in air coflowing case was lifted in turbulent region. Flame lift and blowout in laminar region with the increase in $CO_2$ volume fraction in $CO_2$-Air mixture makes flame lift and blowout in laminar region. Increase in oxygen volume fraction makes flame stable-i.e. flame liftoff and blowout occur at higher fuel flowrates. Liftoff height was non-linear function of nozzle exit velocity and affected by the $O_2$ volume fraction. It was found that the flame in $O_2$-$N_2$ coflow case was more stable than $O_2$-$CO_2$ case, Liftoff heights vs (nozzle exit velocity/laminar burning velocity)$^{3.8}$ has a good correlation in $O_2$-$CO_2$ oxidizer case.

• 유통과학연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.99-108
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• 2022

Purpose: This study aims to provide a further research challenge in digital marketing distribution and co-creation from relevant literature. The concept of digital marketing and co-creation has been known to impact the business sector positively, but it has not been utilized much in the government sector. Therefore, further research is needed to identify the role of digital marketing distribution and co-creation in increasing non-tax state revenue services of government institutions in Indonesia. Research design, data, and methodology: This study is based on a systematic literature review. The stages are (1) research scope review, (2) article extraction from journals, (3) article quality assessment, (4) article analysis, and (5) comprehensive report. Fifty articles published from 2011 to 2021 were collected from the Google Scholar website. Result: This study provides a proposed model that depicts all of the potential connections between digital marketing, co-creation, and non-tax state revenue. In addition, we also identify that the customer experience influences non-tax state revenue. Conclusions: This study attributes the use of the digital marketing distribution and co-creation concept in the government sector and its benefits for state organizations, which have not been investigated in previous studies.

• 한국정밀공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국정밀공학회 2011년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.1065-1066
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• 2011