• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.16 no.5
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• pp.783-790
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• 2016

Objectives: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidants stabilities in dentifrices by ascorbic acid and tocopherol according to the chemical condition. Methods: For the analysis of two antioxidants, HPLC UV detector system was used. HPLC was performed using sodium sulfate, acetonitrile(ACN), methanol(MeOH) and measuring absorbance at 240-295 nm. To confirm general pH reaction of two compounds, buffer solution was prepared for the analysis. The dentifrice was titrated by pH so as to examine the change of elapsed time in dentifrice. Linearity of calibration curve of two antioxidants was measured. Results: Each compound showed good linearity at optimized wavelength as well as showing good precision. General pH reaction of two antioxidants was examined. Ascorbic acid showed the highest residue(63.23%) at pH 10 and the lowest residue(2.77%) at pH 4. Tocopherol showed the highest residue(55.70%) at pH 7 and the lowest residue(3.31%) at pH 4. As a result of changing elapsed time of antioxidants in dentifrice by pH, components were remained stably at low temperature($39.2^{\circ}F$) and pH 7. Conclusions: It is necessary to keep dentifrice including ascorbic acid and tocopherol, and non-enzymatic antioxidants at pH 7 and low temperature for improving chemical stability.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.155-159
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• 2005

The aqueous extract of Coscinium fenestratum was studied for its antioxidant status in STZ-nicotinamide induced type 2 diabetic rats at two dose levels of 250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg. At the end of the experimental period, diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract at both dose levels showed a significant increase in the levels of enzymatic antioxidants such as glutathione peroxidase, glutathione synthetase, peroxidase, superoxide dismutase and catalase as compared to the untreated control. Similarly, a significant increase was also observed in the levels of the non enzymatic antioxidants ceruloplasmin, ascorbic acid and tocopherol. The results suggest that the aqueous stem extract of C. fenestratum prevents type 2 diabetes mellitus induced oxidative stress.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.196-201
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• 2006

The efficacy of alcoholic extract of Kasni (Cichorium intybus L.) to control hepatic damage induced by aflatoxin $B_1$ was explored in Swiss albino mice. Aflatoxin $B_1$ was administered orally to the mice with a daily dose of $66.6{\mu}g/kg$ body weight till three months. A signifi-cant increased in thio barbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels with concomitant reduction in enzymatic (glutathione-s-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase) and nonenzymatic (reduced glutathione) antioxidants were shown in aflatoxin treated group of mice. However, there was a significant reduction in increased TBARS levels and elevation in enzymatic. and non enzymatic antioxidant levels in group of mice which received alcoholic extract of kasni (300 mg/kg bw / day) along with aflatoxin. Histopathological analysis of liver samples also confirmed the hepatoprotective effect of kasni extract. These results suggest that kasni shows hepatoprotective effect against aflatoxin $B_1$ induced hepatic damage in mice.

• Advances in Traditional Medicine
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.59-66
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• 2008

This study was undertaken to evaluate the antioxidant potential of A. lanata on oxalate mediated free radical toxicity in ethylene glycol induced calcium oxalate urolithic rats. Calcium oxalate (CaOX) stone was induced by 0.75% ethylene glycol in drinking water for 28 days. From $29^{th}$ day onwards, the CaOX urolithic rats were treated with A. lanata aqueous suspension (2,000 mg/kg body weight/dose/day) orally for another 28 days. At the end of experimental periods the animals were sacrificed, samples were collected and analyzed the lipid peroxidation product, protein oxidation product, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in normal and experimental groups. Lipid peroxidation and protein oxidation products were significantly elevated while enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant levels were significantly decreased in ethylene glycol induced CaOX urolithic rats when compared with control rats. The above alterations were reverted to near control in rats treated with aqueous suspension of A. lanata. This study suggests that A. lanata could prevent the free radical formation from calcium oxalate urolithiasis in rats and protecting the renal cells from oxidative injury.

• Mycobiology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.421-433
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• 2021

Morchella is a genus of fungi with the ability to concentrate Cd both in the fruit-body and mycelium. However, the molecular mechanisms conferring resistance to Cd stress in Morchella are unknown. Here, RNA-based transcriptomic sequencing was used to identify the genes and pathways involved in Cd tolerance in Morchella spongiola. 7444 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified by cultivating M. spongiola in media containing 0.15, 0.90, or 1.50 mg/L Cd²⁺. The DEGs were divided into six sub-clusters based on their global expression profiles. GO enrichment analysis indicated that numerous DEGs were associated with catalytic activity, cell cycle control, and the ribosome. KEGG enrichment analysis showed that the main pathways under Cd stress were MAPK signaling, oxidative phosphorylation, pyruvate metabolism, and propanoate metabolism. In addition, several DEGs encoding ion transporters, enzymatic/non-enzymatic antioxidants, and transcription factors were identified. Based on these results, a preliminary gene regulatory network was firstly proposed to illustrate the molecular mechanisms of Cd detoxification in M. spongiola. These results provide valuable insights into the Cd tolerance mechanism of M. spongiola and constitute a robust foundation for further studies on detoxification mechanisms in macrofungi that could potentially lead to the development of new and improved fungal bioremediation strategies.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.9
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• pp.4353-4356
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• 2012

Background: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of oral submucous fibrosis, oral cancer and even premature death. The present study was designed to compare the biochemical parameters and non-enzymatic antioxidant status and the lipid peroxidation products in pan masala tobacco users as compared with age-matched non-user controls. Methods: Pan masala and tobacco users of age $33.2{\pm}9.94$ years and age-matched controls ($31.2{\pm}4.73$ years) were enrolled for the study. Plasma levels of vitamin E, vitamin C, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, glucose, urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) were measured by standard methods. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated as a measure of lipid peroxidation. Results: In the pan masala tobacco users, as compared to the controls, the level of vitamin C ($68.5{\pm}5.9$ vs $97.9{\pm}9.03{\mu}mol/L$, $p{\leq}0.05$) vitamin E ($18.4{\pm}5.3$ vs $97.9{\pm}9.03{\mu}mol/L$, $p{\leq}0.001$), albumin ($37.5{\pm}7.01$ vs $44.3{\pm}9.99g/L$, $p{\leq}0.001$), and malondialdehyde ($10.8{\pm}1.29$ vs $1.72{\pm}1.15nmol/ml$, $p{\leq}0.001$) were found to be significantly altered. Malondialdehyde was significantly correlated with vitamin E (r=1.00, p<0.001) and vitamin C (r=1.00, p<0.001) in pan masala tobacco users. Serum levels of AST ($31.0{\pm}16.77$ IU) and ALT ($36.7{\pm}31.3$ IU) in the pan masala tobacco users were significantly raised as compared to the controls (AST, $25.2{\pm}9.51$ IU, p=0.038; ALT, $26.2{\pm}17.9$ IU, p=0.038). Conclusion: These findings suggest that pan masala tobacco users are in a state of oxidative stress promoting cellular damage. Non-enzymatic antioxidants are depleted in pan masala tobacco users with subsequent alteration in the biochemical parameters. Supplementation of antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage in pan masala tobacco users.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5273-5279
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• 2012

The aim of the present study was to investigate the chemopreventive effect of coumarin against 7, 12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis by monitoring tumor incidence and histopathological changes as well as by analyzing the status of biochemical markers (lipid peroxidation, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, phase I and phase II detoxification enzymes). Oral squamous cell carcinomas were induced in the buccal pouch of Syrian golden hamsters by painting with 0.5% DMBA in liquid paraffin three times a week for 14 weeks. We noted 100% tumor formation with marked abnormalities in the biomarkers status in hamsters treated with DMBA alone. Oral administration of coumarin at a dose of 100 mg/kg body weight (bw) to DMBA treated hamsters completely prevented the tumor formation as well as restored the staus of biochemical variables. The results of the present study thus suggest that the chemopreventive effect of coumarin is probably due to its anti-lipid peroxidative potential and modulating effect on carcinogen detoxification agents in favor of the excretion of ultimate carcinogenic metabolites of DMBA during DMBA-induced hamster buccal pouch carcinogenesis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.06a
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• pp.235-235
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• 2017

Chromium (Cr) toxicity is hazardous to the seed germination, growth, and development of plants. ${\gamma}$-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is a non-protein amino acid and is involved in stress tolerance in plants. To investigate the effects of GABA in alleviating Cr toxicity, we treated eight-d-old mustard (Brassica juncea L.) seedlings with Cr (0.15 mM and 0.3 mM $K_2CrO_4$, 5 days) alone and in combination with GABA ($125{\mu}M$) in a semi-hydroponic medium. The roots and shoots of the seedlings accumulated Cr in a dose-dependent manner, which led to an increase in oxidative damage [lipid peroxidation; hydrogen peroxide ($H_2O_2$) content; superoxide ($O{_2}^{{\cdot}-}$) generation; lipoxygenase (LOX) activity], MG content, and disrupted antioxidant defense and glyoxalase systems. Chromium stress also reduced growth, leaf relative water content (RWC), and chlorophyll (chl) content but increased phytochelatin (PC) and proline (Pro) content. Furthermore, supplementing the Cr-treated seedlings with GABA reduced Cr uptake and upregulated the non-enzymatic antioxidants (ascorbate, AsA; glutathione, GSH) and the activities of the enzymatic antioxidants including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR), glutathione reductase (GR), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glyoxalase I (Gly I), and glyoxalase II (Gly II), and finally reduced oxidative damage. Adding GABA also increased leaf RWC and chl content, decreased Pro and PC content, and restored plant growth. These findings shed light on the effect of GABA in improving the physiological mechanisms of mustard seedlings in response to Cr stress.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.509-516
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• 2001

Enzymes and non-enzymatic antioxidants are involved in defense of oxgen free radical intermediates in all aerobic cells. The non -enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidant enzyme from the extracts of Solanum nigrum L. known to be anticancer medicinal plant were examined in other to utilize the discovery in natural products as cancer chem-opereventive agents. The DPPH(1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) free radical scavening activity on plant position of Solanum nigrum L. was the highest in root, with stem, whole plant, seed, leaf and flower, at higher activities respectively. In extraction methods, the DPPH free radical scavenging activity by circulating extraction with 80 % MeOH. The DPPH activity of L6 fraction by LH-20 column chromatography showed about 6.7 times higher than that of ethyl acetate-fraction. These were identified as phenolic compounds such as 2-6-methano-3-benzazocin-11-ol, 2[1H]-phyidinethione and 2-hydroxy -5-methyl-benzaldehyde. Peroxidase(POD) and superoxide dismutase(SOD) activities of stem and root were higher than that of other plant positions and those of plant positions according to growing stage were the highest in 60 days after seeding. The numbers of isozyme pattern of POD and SOD showed 10 hands and 5 bands, respectively, especially, 8 bands of POD and 3 bands of SOC showed a difference according to plant positions.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.34-40
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• 2014

Objectives: The objective of the present study was to investigate the lipid and the antioxidant regulatory potential of a multigrain diet in laboratory animals with reference to lipid profiles, tissue lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status. Methods: Two types of diets, with or without addition of cholesterol, were used in the study - a commercial diet and a formulated multigrain diet (with Sorghum vulgare, Avena sativa, Pennisetum typhoideum, Oryza sativa, Eleusine coracana and Zea mays grains). After a 10-week period of feeding the diets to albino rats the plasma, liver and fecal lipid profiles and the hepatic and renal antioxidant status of the animals that were fed the commercial and the formulated diets (with and without cholesterol addition) were assessed. Results: The commercial diet supplemented with cholesterol elevated the levels of plasma total lipids, total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), as well as the atherogenic index (AI). The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) content and the antioxidant profiles (total ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase reduced glutathione) declined along with increases in lipid peroxidation. The formulated diet (with and without addition of cholesterol) was found to be more efficient than the commercial diet in controlling plasma, hepatic and fecal lipid profiles, as well as hepatic and renal lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status, than of the hypercholesteremic animals. Conclusion: The multigrain diet used in the present study is effective in countering the hyperlipidemia and oxidative stress caused by high cholesterol intake.