Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention

Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention (아시아태평양암예방학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Non-enzymatic Antioxidant Status and Biochemical Parameters in the Consumers of Pan Masala Containing Tobacco

  • Shrestha, Raj (Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS)) ;
  • Nepal, Ashwini Kumar (Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS)) ;
  • Lal Das, Binod Kumar (Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS)) ;
  • Gelal, Basanta (Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS)) ;
  • Lamsal, Madhab (Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS))
  • Published : 2012.09.30
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

Background: Tobacco consumption is one of the leading causes of oral submucous fibrosis, oral cancer and even premature death. The present study was designed to compare the biochemical parameters and non-enzymatic antioxidant status and the lipid peroxidation products in pan masala tobacco users as compared with age-matched non-user controls. Methods: Pan masala and tobacco users of age $33.2{\pm}9.94$ years and age-matched controls ($31.2{\pm}4.73$ years) were enrolled for the study. Plasma levels of vitamin E, vitamin C, albumin, bilirubin, uric acid, glucose, urea, creatinine, aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) were measured by standard methods. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were estimated as a measure of lipid peroxidation. Results: In the pan masala tobacco users, as compared to the controls, the level of vitamin C ($68.5{\pm}5.9$ vs $97.9{\pm}9.03{\mu}mol/L$, $p{\leq}0.05$) vitamin E ($18.4{\pm}5.3$ vs $97.9{\pm}9.03{\mu}mol/L$, $p{\leq}0.001$), albumin ($37.5{\pm}7.01$ vs $44.3{\pm}9.99g/L$, $p{\leq}0.001$), and malondialdehyde ($10.8{\pm}1.29$ vs $1.72{\pm}1.15nmol/ml$, $p{\leq}0.001$) were found to be significantly altered. Malondialdehyde was significantly correlated with vitamin E (r=1.00, p<0.001) and vitamin C (r=1.00, p<0.001) in pan masala tobacco users. Serum levels of AST ($31.0{\pm}16.77$ IU) and ALT ($36.7{\pm}31.3$ IU) in the pan masala tobacco users were significantly raised as compared to the controls (AST, $25.2{\pm}9.51$ IU, p=0.038; ALT, $26.2{\pm}17.9$ IU, p=0.038). Conclusion: These findings suggest that pan masala tobacco users are in a state of oxidative stress promoting cellular damage. Non-enzymatic antioxidants are depleted in pan masala tobacco users with subsequent alteration in the biochemical parameters. Supplementation of antioxidants may prevent oxidative damage in pan masala tobacco users.

Keywords

References

  1. Avti PK, Kumar S, Pathak CM, Vaiphei K, Khanduja KL (2006). Smokeless tobacco impairs the antioxidant defense in liver, lung, and kidney of rats. Toxicol Sci, 89, 547-53. https://doi.org/10.1093/toxsci/kfj041
  2. Bieri JG, Teets L, Belavady B, Andrews EL (1964). Serum Vitamin E levels in a normal adult population in the Washington D.C. area. Proc. Soc. Expt. 1. Biol, 117, 131-3. https://doi.org/10.3181/00379727-117-29515
  3. Burtis CA, Ashwood ER, Bruns DE (2006). Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry and molecular diagnostics, United States of America, Elsevier Saunders 4th Ed.
  4. Burton GW, Ingold KU (1989). Vitamin E as an in vitro and in vivo antioxidant. Ann NY Acad Sci, 570, 7-22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1989.tb14904.x
  5. Carr A , Frei B (1999). Does vitamin C act as a pro-oxidant under physiological conditions? FASEB J, 13, 1007-24.
  6. Cochrane CG (1991). Cellular injury by oxidants. Am J Med 91, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/0002-9343(91)90069-A
  7. Crocker H, Shephard MD and White GH (1988). Evaluation of an enzymatic method for determining creatinine in plasma. J Clin Pathol 41, 576-81. https://doi.org/10.1136/jcp.41.5.576
  8. Davies KJ, Lin SW, Pacifici RE (1987). Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. IV. Degradation of denatured protein. J Biol Chem 262, 9914-20.
  9. Devasagayam TP, Tilak JC, Boloor KK, et al (2004). Free radicals and antioxidants in human health: current status and future prospects. J Assoc Phys India, 52, 794-804.
  10. Doumas BT, Watson WA, Biggs HG (1971). Albumin standards and the measurement of serum albumin with bromocresol green. Clin Chim Acta, 31, 87-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(71)90365-2
  11. Gupta PC and Ray CS (2004). Epidemiology of betel quid usage. Ann Acad Med Singapore, 33, 31-6.
  12. Halliwell B (2007). Biochemistry of oxidative stress. Biochem Soc Trans, 35, 1147-50. https://doi.org/10.1042/BST0351147
  13. Koch TR, Nipper HC (1977). Evaluation of automated glucose oxidase methods for serum glucose: comparison to hexokinase of a colorimetric and an electrometric method. Clin Chim Acta, 78, 315-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-8981(77)90322-9
  14. Kohen R, Nyska A (2002). Oxidation of biological systems: oxidative stress phenomena, antioxidants, redox reactions, and methods for their quantification. Toxicol Pathol, 30, 620-50. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926230290166724
  15. Lespinas F, Dupuy G, Revol F, Aubry C (1989). Enzymic urea assay: a new colorimetric method based on hydrogen peroxide measurement. Clin Chem, 35, 654-8.
  16. Malloy HT, Evelyn KA, (1937). The determination of bilirubin with the photoelectric colorimeter. J Biol Chem, 119, 481-90.
  17. Pednekar MS: The impact of tobacco use and/or body composition on adult mortality in urban developing country population. Academic Dissertation. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tampere, Finland; 2003.
  18. Pande BR, Karki YB, Panth KD. (2001). A Study on Tobacco Economics in Nepal, WHO/SEARO.
  19. Rai MP, Thilakchand RK, Palatty PL, et al (2011). Piper Betel Linn (Betel Vine), the maligned Southeast Asian medicinal plant possesses cancer preventive effects: Time to reconsider the wronged opinion. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 12, 2149-56.
  20. Reitman S and Frankel S (1957). A colorimetric method for the determination of serum glutamic oxalacetic and glutamic pyruvic transaminases. Am J Clin Pathol 28, 56-63.
  21. Sah SK (2007). A study on patterns of tobacco use among school teachers in Mahottary district of Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc, 5, 44-9.
  22. Sharan RN, Mehrotra R, Choudhury Y, Asotra K (2012). Association of Betel Nut with Carcinogenesis. Revisited with a Clinical Perspective. Plos One 7, 1-21.
  23. Sreeramareddy CT, Kishore P, Paudel J, Menezes RG (2008). Prevalence and correlates of tobacco use amongst junior collegiates in twin cities of western Nepal: a cross-sectional, questionnaire-based survey. BMC Public Health 8, 97. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-8-97
  24. Subapriya R, Kumaraguruparan R, Nagini S and Thangavelu A (2003). Oxidant-antioxidant status in oral precancer and oral cancer patients. Toxicol Mech Methods, 13, 77-81. https://doi.org/10.1080/15376510309825
  25. Subba SH, Binu VS, Menezes RG, Ninan J, Rana MS (2011). Tobacco chewing and associated factors among youth of Western Nepal: A cross-sectional study. Indian J Community Med, 36, 128-32. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.84132
  26. Sullivan MX, Clarke HCN (1995). A highly specific procedure for ascorbic acid. J Assoc off Agric Chem, 38, 514.
  27. Sushma C, Sharang C (2005). Pan masala advertisements are surrogate for tobacco products. Indian J Cancer , 42, 94-8. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-509X.16699
  28. Trivedy CR, Craig G, Warnakulasuriya S (2002). The oral health consequences of chewing areca nut. Addict Biol , l7, 115-25. https://doi.org/10.1080/13556210120091482
  29. Turk T, Murukutla N, Gupta S, et al (2012). Using a smokeless tobacco control mass media campaign and other synergistic elements to address social inequalities in India. Cancer Causes Control, 1, 81-90.
  30. Yagi K (1987). Lipid peroxide and human disease. Chem Phy Lipids, 45, 337-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-3084(87)90071-5

Cited by

  1. Estimation of serum malondialdehyde and assessment of DNA damage using comet assay in patients with oral submucous fibrosis vol.7, pp.3, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1111/jicd.12153
  2. Study of Oxidants and Antioxidants in Addicts vol.Inpress, pp.Inpress, 2016, https://doi.org/10.5812/ijhrba.35057