• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제43권4호
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• pp.519-526
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• 1996

연구배경 : 양성종양과 악성종양은 혈관분포의 차이와 임파선 발달이 차이로 혈관조영시 조영증강의 정도가 다르다. 이에 연구자는 고립성 폐결절 환자에서 SRCT을 시행하여 조영증강의 정도를 관찰하였다. 방법 : 대상은 1995년에 원주의과대학 호흡기내과에 내원하여 고립성 폐결절로 진단받고 조직검사를 시행받은 환자 16예였다. 고립성 폐결절 환자에서 조영제 주입후 SRCT를 시행하여 조영증강의 정도를 45초, 2분, 5분에 측정하여, 조직학적 및 임상적으로 진단된 양성결절 8예와 수술후 악성결절로 확진된 8예 사이에 그 차이를 관찰하였다. 결과 : 1. 대상 환자의 평균연령은 52세로, 남녀는 11:5 예였다. 2. 질환별로는 결핵성 결절이 8예, 선암이 6예, 상피세포암이 2예였다. 3. 폐결절의 평균 크기는 $2.86{\pm}1.11cm$(1.8-5cm)이었으며 양성결절은 $2.98{\pm}1.4cm$, 악성결절은 $2.76{\pm}0.84cm$으로 차이는 없었다(p=0.75). 조영제 투여전 평균 CT numbed (hounsfield unit)는 $36.8{\pm}17.2$ HU 이며, 양성 결절 $38.1{\pm}23$ HU 과 악성결절 $35.1{\pm}15.3$ HU 으로 두군 간의 차이는 없었다(p=0.52). 조영제 투여 시작후 45초에 조영증강(조영전과 비교한)은 평균 $12.1{\pm}1.3$ HU 이며, 양성결절 $6.22{\pm}10$ HU 과 악성결절 $19.6{\pm}7.9$ HU으로 두군간의 유의한 차이가 있었다 (p=0.008). 조영제 투여 시작후 2분의 조영증강은 평균 $21.1{\pm}20.8$ HU 이며, 양성 결절 $6.75{\pm}15$ HU 과 악성결절 $34.0{\pm}19.2$ HU 으로 악성결절에서 더 높은 경향을 보였다 (p=0.007). 조영제 투여 시작후 5분의 조영증강은 평균 $21.8{\pm}1.9.7$ HU 이며, 양성 결절 $7.75{\pm}17$ HU 과 악성결절 $34.0{\pm}15.4$ HU 으로 악성결절에서 더 높았다(p=0.011). 조영증강의 시판별 변화는 조영제 투여전과 투여시작후 45초, 2분, 5분의 CT number는 악성결절의 경우는 $35.1{\pm}15.3$ HU, $54.7{\pm}15.6$ HU, $69.1{\pm}24.2$ HU, $69.1{\pm}16.4$ HU 으로 계속적인 증가를 유지하였으나 양성 결절에서는 각각 $38.1{\pm}23$ HU, $44.3{\pm}34$ HU, $44.8{\pm}24$ HU, $44.8{\pm}32$ HU 으로 큰 변화가 없었다. 4. 조영증강과 다른 요인간의 상관관계 : 결절의 크기와 조영증강 사이의 상관관계는 없었으며(r=0.21, p=0.43) 환자의 나이와 조영증강 사이에도 상관관계는 없었다(r=0.21, p=0.42). 결론 : 이상의 결과로 고립성 폐결절에서 SRCT상 시간에 따른 조영증가는 악성결절에서 단시간내 더 현저하여 양성결절과 악성결절을 감별하는데 도움이 될 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.527-533
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• 2006

The response of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) to dual inoculation with Rhizobium (R) and arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) was studied on spore abundance and colonization of AM, nodulation, growth, yield attributes and yield. In all the parameters of the crop the performance of Rhizobium inoculant alone was superior to control. Dual inoculation with Rhizobium and AM in presence of P performed the best in recording number of spore $100g^{-1}$ rhizosphere soil and root colonization, number and dry weight of nodule, dry weights of shoot and root, number of pod $plant^{-1}$, number of seed $pod^{-1}$, seed and stover yields of chickpea. The maximum seed yield of 3.33 g $plant^{-1}$ was obtained by inoculating chickpea plants with Rhizobium and AM in association with P. From the view point of nodulation, growth, yield attributes and yield of chickpea, dual inoculation with Rhizobium and AM along with P was considered to be the balanced combination of nutrients for achieving the highest output from cultivation of chickpea in Shallow Red Brown Terrace Soil of Bangladesh.

• 한국작물학회지
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.5-10
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• 2005

This experiment was conducted to clarify the functions of supernodulating characters on seed yield determination through the comparison of agricultural traits of supernodulating soybean mutants, Sakukei4, SS2-2, and their parent cultivars, Enrei and Shinpaldalkong2. The plant dry weights of supernodulating mutants, Sakukei4 and SS2-2, were $52\%$ and $61\%$ of their wild type parents at full seed stage (R6). However, the relative growth rate (RGR) from the pod set stage (R3) to R6 of Sakukei4 was 0.022 g/g/day and that of SS2-2 was 0.016 g/g/day, which were higher than those of their parents. Nodule number and dry weight were increased in two supernodulating mutants by the R6 stage. The nitrogen concentrations of leaf, petiole and stem of Sakukei4 were higher than those of Enrei. SS2-2 showed higher nitrogen concentration in petiole than Shinpaldalkong2 had. The positive correlations were appeared between nodule dry weight, plant dry weight and pod number, in two supernodulating mutants during the period from R3 to R6 stage. Although all of the yield components and seed yield were lower in two supernodulating mutants than their parents at the stage of full maturity (R8), the harvest index was higher in supernodulating mutants. The increasing rates of pod number to stem dry weight in two supernodulating mutants showed the higher than those of two their parents at R8 stage. In conclusion, the relative growth rates during the early to the middle reproductive growth period were higher in supernodulating mutants than the wild types. This could be resulted in an increase in pod number. The increase of relative growth rate was the result of the successive supplement of nitrogen source from biological nitrogen fixation (BNF) of nodules during the middle reproductive growth period in supernodulating mutants.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권11호
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• pp.5887-5895
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• 2012

Background: To determine the effect of essential oil obtained from a traditionally used medicinal plant Tridax procumbens L, on lung metastasis developed by B16F-10 melanoma cells in C57BL/6 mice. Materials and Methods: Parameters studied were toxicity, lung tumor nodule count, histopathological features, tumor directed capillary vessel formation, apoptosis and expression levels of $P^{53}$ and caspase-3 proteins. Results: In vitro the MTT assay showed cytotoxicity was found to be high as 70.2% of cancer cell death within 24hrs for $50{\mu}g$. In vivo oil treatment significantly inhibited tumor nodule formation by 71.7% when compared with untreated mice. Formation of tumor directed new blood vessels was also found to be inhibited to about 39.5%. TUNEL assays also demonstrated a significant increase in the number of apoptotic positive cells after the treatment. $P^{53}$ and caspase-3 expression was also found to be greater in the essential oil treated group than the normal and cancer group. Conclusions: The present investigation showed significant effects of the essential oil of Tridax procumbens L in preventing lung metastasis by B16F-10 cell line in C57BL/6 mice. Its specific preventive effect on tumor directed angiogenesis and inducing effect on apoptosis warrant further studies at the molecular level to validate the significance of Tridax procumbens L for anticancer therapy.

• 한국임상수의학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.387-393
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• 2011

Polygoni Multiflori Radix (PMR) a dried root tuber of Polygonum multiflorum Thunberg with bioactivities in bone metabolism is one of the most famous tonic traditional medicines in China, Japan and Korea.To observe the anti-osteoporotic effect of PMR, we observed the effects on proliferation and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity of primary osteoblasts, bone nodule formation, pit formation of osteoclasts and osteoclastogenesis in vitro. As the result of that, although PMR extracts have no meaningful changes on the the proliferation of primary osteoblasts, significant (p < 0.01) increases of ALP acitivity of osteoblasts were dose-dependently observed in all PMR extracts treated groups tested compared to that of vehicle control. It means that it enhanced the differentiation (ALP activity) and bone nodule formation of osteoblast. In addition, PMR extracts dose-dependently inhibits the pit formation and the number of multinucleated osteoclast-like cells (OCLs), osteoclastogenesis in vitro. Therefore these results show the possibility of PMR extracts as another anti-osteoporotic agents.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제36권12호
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• pp.943-951
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• 2003

폐 말초에 발생한 고립성 결절의 증례가 점차 늘고 있다. 저자들은 이러한 폐결절에 대하여 방사선학적으로 양, 악성의 감별이 어느 정도 유용한가를 알아보고자 하였다. 대상과 방법: 직경 3cm 이하의 폐 말초에 발생한 고립성 병변증례 134예에 대하여 술전에 시행된 고해상 CT (HRCT)에서 결절 내부의 성상과 경계부 형태, 그리고 주변 폐실질과의 관계에 대하여 관찰하였다. 결과: GGA 면적비가 50% 이상인 경우는 선암과 일부 전이성 폐암 그리고 염증성 병변에서만 관찰되었으며, 90% 이상인 경우는 선암에서만 존재하였다. 반면에 비선암성 폐암과 양성 폐종양, 그리고 결핵종에서는 모두 GGA 면적비가 50% 이하였는데, 특히 10% 미만이 대부분이었다. Air bronchogram, spiculation, lobulation, vascular involvement, 그리고 pleural indentation의 소견들은 주로 악성 병변에서 관찰되었는데, 특히 원발성 선암에서 30% 이상의 고발현도를 보였다. 결론: 대부분의 원발성 폐선암은 HRCT에서 특징적인 소견들을 보이고 있다. 따라서 이러한 소견들에 유의한다면 다른 병변들과의 감별에 많은 도움이 될 것으로 생각되었다.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.24-29
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• 2003

SS2-2, a hypernodulating soybean mutant was isolated by EMS mutagenesis from Sinpaldalkong 2. This auto-regulation mutant showed greater number of nodules and smaller plant size than its wild type Sinpaldalkong 2. SSR markers were used to identify DNA variation at SSR loci from different soybean LG. The only SSR marker that detected a length polymorphism between SS2-2 and its wild type ancestor was Satt294 on LG C1 instead of LG H, locating a hypernodulating gene. Sequencing data of flanking Satt294 indicated that the size variation was due to extra stretch of TTA repeats of the SSR motif in SS2-2, along with $A\longrightarrow$G transversion. In spite of phenotypic differences between the wild type and its hypernodulating mutants, genomic DNA poly-morphisms at microsatellite loci could not control regulation of nodule formation. The cDNA-AFLP method was applied to compare differential display of cDNA between Sinpaldalkong 2 and SS2-2. After isolation and sequence comparison with many AELP fragments, several interesting genes were identified. Northern blot analysis, immunolocalization and/or the yeast two-hybrid system with these genes might provide information on regulation of nodule development in SS2-2.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.166-172
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• 1997

Background : For example, aerodynamic study, vibratory study, acoustic study, neuro-muscular test and psychoacoustic evaluation, a number of objective methods are now available for assessing pathologic voice change. They help to differentiate pathologic condition from normal condition and to monitor pathologic and aging change. These laboratory analyses are used commonly to monitor speech therapy and to follow a patient's recovery after surgery. Objectives : We investigated the values of jitter, shimmer and NNE of normal person and hoarseness patients in Korea. The values of Jitter and shimmer might be meaningful parameters distinguishing pathologic vibration from normal and recovery after surgery. Materials and Methods : Statistical significance between normal control and 48 subjects taken microlaryngeal surgery were compared with Dr. speech science program that is computerized system for acoustic analysis of voice production employed to determine vocal characteristics of pitch perturbation(jitter) and amplitude perturbation(shimmer). Results : The mean normal values of jitter and shimmer were 0.226${\pm}$0.110(%), 2.200${\pm}$0.421(%) in male and 0.164${\pm}$0.060(%), 2.063 ${\pm}$0.575(%) in female. In patients with vocal nodule, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valueless. In patients with vocal polyps, the preoperative and postoperative values of jitter and shimmer were valuable. Conclusion : Dr. speech science program was effective to monitor laryngeal disease and aging changes.

• Molecules and Cells
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.185-193
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• 2007

Symbiotic nitrogen fixation with nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the root nodules is a distinctly beneficial metabolic process in legume plants. Legumes control the nodule number and nodulation zone through a systemic negative regulatory system between shoot and root. Mutation in the soybean NTS gene encoding GmNARK, a CLAVATA1-like serine/threonine receptor-like kinase, causes excessive nodule development called hypernodulation. To examine the effect of nts mutation on the gene expression profile in the leaves, suppression subtractive hybridization was performed with the trifoliate leaves of nts mutant 'SS2-2' and the wild-type (WT) parent 'Sinpaldalkong2', and 75 EST clones that were highly expressed in the leaves of the SS2-2 mutant were identified. Interestingly, the expression of jasmonate (JA)-responsive genes such as vspA, vspB, and Lox2 were upregulated, whereas that of a salicylate-responsive gene PR1a was suppressed in the SS2-2 mutant. In addition, the level of JA was about two-fold higher in the leaves of the SS2-2 mutant than in those of the WT under natural growth conditions. Moreover, the JA-responsive gene expression persists in the leaves of SS2-2 mutant without rhizobia infection in the roots. Taken together, our results suggest that the nts mutation increases JA synthesis in mature leaves and consequently leads to constitutive expression of JA-responsive genes which is irrelevant to hypernodulation in the root.

• Journal of Microbiology
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.363-368
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• 2006

In this study, native Byadyrhizobium strains were isolated from the host plant, Glycine max, harvested from fields in Madhya Pradesh, India, and were typed by Iytic rhizobiophages. Eight indigenous (Soy2, ASR011, ASR031, ASR032, MSR091, ISR050, ISR076 and ISR078) and two exotic strains (USDA123 and CB1809), all of which evidenced a distinct reaction with six phages, were employed in this study. The symbiotic interaction of these strains was studied initially using soybean cultivar JS335 in a sand culture in a controlled environment, and the efficiency was assessed based on the nodule number, nodule dry weight, plant dry weight, nitrogenase activity, and total accumulation of N per plant. Symbiotic effectiveness was found to be highest with the native phage-sensitive isolate ASR011, whereas it was at a minimum with the phage-resistant isolates, ISR050 and ISR078. Additionally, the effectiveness of these strains was evaluated using six soybean cultivars belonging to different maturity groups; namely, Brags, Lee, Pusa20, PK416, JS33S and NRC37. Analysis of variance data evidenced significant differences due to both symbionts, for the majority of the tested parameters. The CB1809, USDA123, and ASR011 strains evidenced relatively superior symbiotic effectiveness with soybean cultivars Brags, Lee and JS335. Strain ISR078 evidenced no significant responses with any of the cultivars. The ASR031 strain performed moderately well with all tested cultivars. The symbiotic response of all the strains was quite poor with cultivar PK416. Our studies showed that a significant relationship existed between the phage sensitivity and symbiotic efficiency of the bacterial strains with the host-cultivars.