• 대한전자공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전자공학회 2004년도 하계종합학술대회 논문집(1)
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• pp.261-264
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• 2004

We propose a location management with adaptive binding idle lifetime scheme for IP-based wireless network. In our proposed scheme, the binding idle lifetime value is adaptively varied according to user characteristics. The main idea is that the mobile node (MN) does location update (LU) even in idle state. Furthermore a sequential paging scheme is used to reduce the paging cost. The proposed scheme can be used in both cellular network and IP-based network.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.69-77
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• 2006

여기에 지오캐스팅(geocasting)이란 어떤 특정한 지역(지오캐스트 영역이라 함)에 있는 모든 노드들에게 데이터를 전송하는 통신형태이다. 기존의 에너지 관련 프로토콜은 주로 통신 경로 설정 시 주로 최소 홉 수, 즉 전송 에너지를 최소화하기 위한 최단거리 관점에서 최적의 경로를 구하며, 각 노드의 잔여 에너지와 링크 에러율에 대해 고려하지 않는 것이 대부분이다. 본 논문에서는 ad-hoc 네트워크에서 에너지 효율적이고 신뢰성 있는 전송을 하기 위한 지오캐스팅 방법인 MLRG를 제안한다. MLRG는 위치기반과 라우팅-기반인 지오캐스팅으로 각 노드의 잔여 전력을 파악한 경로 탐색과 새롭게 제안하는 cost 관계식을 통해 네트워크 활동시간을 최대화하고, 링크의 에러율도 고려하여 신뢰성 있는 통신이 가능하다.

• International journal of advanced smart convergence
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.57-67
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• 2017

In this paper, propose an algorithm to improve network lifetime by equally consuming energy of LEACH - Mobile sensor nodes. LEACH is one of energy efficient protocols. However, we did not consider the mobility of nodes. Therefore, the transmission reception success rate of the moving data is reduced. LEACH-Mobile is a protocol that has improved the drawbacks of these LEACH. However, since LEACH-Mobile has a larger number of data packets and consumes more energy than LEACH, it has a disadvantage that the lifetime of the network is short. In order to improvement these disadvantage, Based on the average of the remaining energy of the node, cluster heads are elected with a number of nodes whose energies are larger than the average of the remaining energy from the member nodes. After that, by trying to increase the lifetime of the network by equalizing the remaining energy. In to confirm whether improve the lifetime of the network, In this paper, the number of nodes and the position of all nodes are varied for each specific round, the rest energy is equalized, and the algorithm which uniformly selected the cluster head is compared with LEACH.

• 한국멀티미디어학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.458-465
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• 2014

In this paper, we propose a strategy to distribute the energy consumption over the network. The proposed strategy is based on geographic routing. We use a smart base station that maintains the residual energy and location information of sensor nodes and selects a head node and an anchor node using this information. A head node gathers and aggregates data from the sensor nodes in a target region that interests the user. An anchor node then transmits the data that was forwarded from the head node back to the smart base station. The smart base station extends network lifetime by selecting an optimal head node and an optimal anchor node. We simulate the proposed protocol and compare it with the LEACH protocol in terms of energy consumption, the number of dead nodes, and a distribution map of dead node locations.

• Journal of Multimedia Information System
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.101-110
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• 2014

The purpose of this research is to extend Ad-hoc network system lifetime with the proposed routing protocol which has considered hop lifetimes of the nodes while guaranteeing QoS in the establishment process of Ad-hoc network communication paths. Based on another power aware routing system that proposed in the advanced research [1], we are proposing an alternative power aware routing system in which nodes' hop lifetimes are compared in order to extend the lifetime of an Ad-hoc network system and delay factors have been considered for the assurance of QoS. The research of the routing protocol in this paper, which aims to maximize the system survival time considering power consumption status during the path searching in MANET and pursues the mechanism that controls hop delays for the same reason, can be applied to the study of WSN. The study concerning such phenomena is essential so that the proposed protocol has been simulated and verified with NS-2 in Linux system focusing on the lifetimes of the hops of the nodes. Commercialization of smart devices and arrival of the ubiquitous age has brought about the world where all the people and things are connected with networks. Since the proposed power aware method and the hop delay control mechanism used to find the adequate communication paths in MANET which mainly uses batteries or in WSN, they can largely contribute to the lifetime extension of the network system by reducing power consumptions when utilized for the communications attempts among soldiers during military operation, disaster areas, temporary events or exhibitions, mobile phone shadow areas, home networks, in-between vehicle communications and sense networks, etc. This paper presents the definitions and some advantages regarding the proposed outing protocol that sustain and extend the lifetime of the networks.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.1706-1727
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• 2023

Under Water Sensor Networks (UWSN) has gained attraction among various communities for its potential applications like acoustic monitoring, 3D mapping, tsunami detection, oil spill monitoring, and target tracking. Unlike terrestrial sensor networks, it performs an acoustic mode of communication to carry out collaborative tasks. Typically, surface sink nodes are deployed for aggregating acoustic phenomena collected from the underwater sensors through the multi-hop path. In this context, UWSN is constrained by factors such as lower bandwidth, high propagation delay, and limited battery power. Also, the vulnerabilities to compromise the aquatic environment are in growing numbers. The paper proposes an Energy-Efficient standalone Intrusion Detection System (EEIDS) to entail the acoustic environment against malicious attacks and improve the network lifetime. In EEIDS, attributes such as node ID, residual energy, and depth value are verified for forwarding the data packets in a secured path and stabilizing the nodes' energy levels. Initially, for each node, three agents are modeled to perform the assigned responsibilities. For instance, ID agent verifies the node's authentication of the node, EN agent checks for the residual energy of the node, and D agent substantiates the depth value of each node. Next, the classification of normal and malevolent nodes is performed by determining the score for each node. Furthermore, the proposed system utilizes the sheep-flock heredity algorithm to validate the input attributes using the optimized probability values stored in the training dataset. This assists in finding out the best-fit motes in the UWSN. Significantly, the proposed system detects and isolates the malicious nodes with tampered credentials and nodes with lower residual energy in minimal time. The parameters such as the time taken for malicious node detection, network lifetime, energy consumption, and delivery ratio are investigated using simulation tools. Comparison results show that the proposed EEIDS outperforms the existing acoustic security systems.

• Industrial Engineering and Management Systems
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.268-277
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• 2016

Load balancing is a significant technique to prolong a network's lifetime in sensor network. This paper introduces a hybrid approach named as Load Distributing Hybrid Routing Protocol (LDHRP) composed with a border node routing protocol (BDRP) and greedy forwarding (GF) strategy which will make the routing effective, especially in mobility scenarios. In an existing solution, because of the high network complexity, the data delivery latency increases. To overcome this limitation, a new approach is proposed in which the source node transmits the data to its respective destination via border nodes or greedily until the complete data is transmitted. In this way, the whole load of a network is evenly distributed among the participating nodes. However, border node is mainly responsible in aggregating data from the source and further forwards it to mobile sink; so there will be fewer chances of energy expenditure in the network. In addition to this, number of hop counts while transmitting the data will be reduced as compared to the existing solutions HRLBP and ZRP. From the simulation results, we conclude that proposed approach outperforms well than existing solutions in terms including end-to-end delay, packet loss rate and so on and thus guarantees enhancement in lifetime.

• Journal of Information Processing Systems
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.926-940
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• 2018

In clustering-based approaches, cluster heads closer to the sink are usually burdened with much more relay traffic and thus, tend to die early. To address this problem, distance-aware clustering approaches, such as energy-efficient unequal clustering (EEUC), that adjust the cluster size according to the distance between the sink and each cluster head have been proposed. However, the network lifetime of such approaches is highly dependent on the distribution of the sensor nodes, because, in randomly distributed sensor networks, the approaches do not guarantee that the cluster energy consumption will be proportional to the cluster size. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach called CACD (Clustering Algorithm Considering node Distribution), which is not only distance-aware but also node density-aware approach. In CACD, clusters are allowed to have limited member nodes, which are determined by the distance between the sink and the cluster head. Simulation results show that CACD is 20%-50% more energy-efficient than previous work under various operational conditions considering the network lifetime.

• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제15C권4호
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• pp.303-310
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• 2008

ad-hoc네트워크에서 네트워크의 생존시간을 연장하기 위해서는 네트워크 트래픽 부하를 전체 네트워크에 골고루 분산시켜 노드당 평균 에너지 소모율을 균일하게 유지할 수 있어야만 한다. 본 논문에서는 노드의 에너지 잔량 및 사용 빈도 등을 고려해 경로를 설정하는 수정 AODV 프로토콜을 제안하였다. 또한 경로 재설정 과정에서 생성되는 엄청난 양의 AODV 제어 메시지 발생으로 인한 에너지 소모를 줄이기 위해 출발지 노드의 버퍼에 다중 경로 정보를 저장하도록 하였다. 링크 단절 시 경로 재설정 과정 전에 경로 테이블에 저장된 경로 정보를 활용할 수 있도록 하였다. 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘의 성능 평가를 위해 기존 AODV 및 에너지 기반 라우팅 프로토콜인 MMBCR방식과 전체 노드의 에너지 잔량, 네트워크 생존시간 및 데이터 패킷 수신율 등 3가지 평가 항목을 사용해 비교하였다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제35권7A호
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• pp.660-668
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• 2010

에너지 자원이 제한된 네트워크에서는 채널 상태 정보와 남은 에너지 정보를 기반으로 에너지자원을 각 유저들에게 최적으로 할당함으로써 네트워크의 수명을 향상시킬 수 있다. 본 논문에서는 전송 용량을 만족시키면서 네트워크의 수명을 최대화하도록 전송에 참여하는 중계기를 선택하고 전송 전력을 할당하는 기법을 제안한다. 모의 실험을 통해 제안된 기법이 기존 기법에 비해서 수명을 증가시키는 것을 보인다.