• Korean Journal of Radiology
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• v.24 no.11
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• pp.1142-1150
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• 2023

Objective: To evaluate ^99mtechnetium-three polyethylene glycol spacers-arginine-glycine-aspartic acid (^99mTc-3PRGD₂) single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)/computed tomography (CT) imaging for diagnosing lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung neoplasms. Materials and Methods: We prospectively enrolled 26 patients with primary malignant lung tumors who underwent ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose (¹⁸F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/CT imaging. Both imaging methods were analyzed in qualitative (visual dichotomous and 5-point grades for lymph nodes and lung tumors, respectively) and semiquantitative (maximum tissue-to-background radioactive count) manners for the lymph nodes and lung tumors. The performance of the differentiation of lymph nodes with and without metastasis was determined at the per-lymph node station and per-patient levels using histopathological results as the reference standard. Results: Total 42 stations had metastatic lymph nodes and 136 stations had benign lymph nodes. The differences between metastatic and benign lymph nodes in the visual qualitative and semiquantitative analyses of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT and ¹⁸F-FDG PET/CT were statistically significant (all P < 0.001). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) in the semi-quantitative analysis of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT was 0.908 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.851-0.966), and the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were 0.86 (36/42), 0.88 (120/136), 0.69 (36/52), and 0.95 (120/126), respectively. Among the 26 patients (including two patients each with two lung tumors), 15 had pathologically confirmed lymph node metastasis. The difference between primary lung lesions in patients with and without lymph node metastasis was statistically significant only in the semi-quantitative analysis of ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT (P = 0.007), with an AUC of 0.807 (95% CI, 0.641-0.974). Conclusion: ^99mTc-3PRGD₂ SPECT/CT imaging may notably perform in the direct diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of primary malignant lung tumors and indirectly predict the presence of lymph node metastasis through uptake in the primary lesions.

• Proceedings of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute Conference
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• 1991.10a
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• pp.133-138
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• 1991

The aim of the present paper is to develop a computer program predicting ultimate fracture strength of initially cracked structure under monotonically increasing external loads. For this purpose, two kinds of 3-D isoparametric solid elements, one 6-node wedge element and another 8-node brick element are formulated along the small deformation theory. Plasticity in the element is checked using von Mises' yield criterion. Elasto-plastic stiffness matrix of the element is calculated taking account of strain hardening effect. If the principal strain at crack tip which is one nodal point exceeds the critical strain dependin on the material property, crack tip is supposed to be opened and the crack tip node which was previously constrained in the direction perpendicular to the crack line is released. After that, the crack lay be propagated to the adjacent node. Once a crack tip node is fractured, the energy of the newly fractured node should be released which is to be absorbed by the remaining part. The accumulated reaction force which was carried by the newly fractured node so far is then applied in the opposite direction. During the action of crack tip relief force, since unloading may be occured in the plastic element, unloading check should be made. If a plastic element unloads, elastic stress-strain equation is used in the calculation of the stiffness matrix of the element, while for a loading element, elasto-plastic stress-strain equation is continuously used. Verification of the computer program is made comparing with the experimental results for center cracked panel subjected to uniform tensile load. Also some factors affecting ultimate fracture strength of initially cracked plate are investigated. It is concluded that the computer program developed here gives an accurate solution and becomes useful tool for predicting ultimate fracture load of initially cracked structural system under monotonically increasing external loads.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.31-36
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• 2011

Ubiquitous network and wireless sensor networks is being applied in various fields. Located at target areas, node of wireless sensor network uses batteries as a power source. Batteries have a limited energy in sensor network applications. Also, before use, the battery must be charged and It is difficult to replace the battery. Therefore, energy harvesting technology is being researched and being developed for long life of sensor node. Especially, sola energy is being extensively researched. because that can have great amounts of energy than other environmental energy in a short time. In this study, we tested battery charging and recharging, operation of sensor node using Solar Cell. Also, monitoring data gathering and voltage Analysis showed energy harvesting time of Sola Cell battery for sensor node and operation of sensor node.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.2 s.105
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• pp.211-218
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• 2006

The Mobile IPv6 provides the enhanced internet services to user by supporting a node's mobility. In Mobile IPv6(MIPv6), the mobile node sends the binding message which binds home address(HoA) with care-of address(CoA) to the home agent whenever it changes its point of attachment to the internet. To reduce the mobility management signal message the Paging Hierarchical Mobile IPv6(PHMIPv6) is proposed. The mobile node does not send the binding message within the domain if the mobile node's state is idle. Therefore the mobility signal message cost can be reduced. However, when the mobile node's session arrival rate is high the many mobility management signal cost are needed because the paging cost is very high. In this paper, we analysis the drawback of PHMIPv6 and propose the scheme which can reduce the mobility management signal cost. The proposed scheme works independent of the number of subnet in the domain. Therefore the proposed scheme can improve the mobile node's mobility management scheme.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.286-289
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• 2016

In this paper, we propose an architecture that affords mobile app based on nomadic smartphone using not only mobile cloud computing- architecture but also a dedicated web platform called Node.js built-in with the asynchronous, Nonblocking, Event-Driven programming paradigm. Furthermore, the design of the proposed architecture takes document oriented database known as MongoDB to deal with the large amount of data transmit by users of mobile web access application. The Node.js aims to give the programmers the tools needed to solves the large number of concurrent connections problem. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed architecture by implementing an android application responsible of real time analysis by using a vehicle to applications smart phones interface approach that considers the smartphones to acts as a remote users which passes driver inputs and delivers output from external applications.

• Journal of Genetic Medicine
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.52-59
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• 2023

Purpose: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy worldwide and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths. In addition, lymph node metastasis in CRC is considered an important prognostic factor for predicting disease recurrence and patient survival. Recent studies demonstrated that the microbiome makes substantial contributions to tumor progression, however, there is still unknown about the microbiome associated with lymph node metastasis of CRC. Here, we first reported the microbial and tumor-infiltrating immune cell differences in CRC according to the lymph node metastasis status. Materials and Methods: Using Next Generation Sequencing data acquired from 368 individuals diagnosed with CRC (N0, 266; N1, 102), we applied the LEfSe to elucidate microbial differences. Subsequent utilization of the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis enabled the identification of particular genera exerting significant influence on patient survival outcomes. Results: We found 18 genera in the N1 group and 3 genera in the N0 group according to CRC lymph node metastasis stages. In addition, we found that the genera Crenobacter (P=0.046), Maricaulis (P=0.093), and Arsenicicoccus (P=0.035) in the N0 group and Cecembia (P=0.08) and Asanoa (P=0.088) in the N1 group were significantly associated with patient survival according to CRC lymph node metastasis stages. Further, Cecembia is highly correlated to tumor-infiltrating immune cells in lymph node metastasized CRC. Concolusion: Our study highlights that tumor-infiltrating immune cells and intratumoral microbe diversity are associated with CRC. Also, this potential microbiome-based oncology diagnostic tool warrants further exploration.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9B
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• pp.811-820
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• 2006

In this paper, The correlation of the power consumption of sensor node is analyzed according to the analyze parameter in IEEE 802.15.4 star sensor network. And It is studied the influence on analysis parameter. The power consumption of sensor network in transmission process and average transmission power consumption drives to numerical formula. And CSEM WiseNET system measurement value is used. As a simulation result, The power consumption of sensor node in star network consist of 10 sensor nodes is more than 20 % that in single network in average. When beacon signal interval is 0.1 second in all frequency bands, the power consumption of sensor node in up-link is more than 2.5 times that in down-link in average. When beacon signal interval is 1 second and the number of sensor nodes increases to 100 and sensing data increases to 100 byte, the power consumption of sensor node increases to 2.3 times. And The superior performance of 2.4 GHz frequency band has than 868/915 MHz frequency band up to $6{\sim}12$ times.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.29 no.4 s.235
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• pp.534-539
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• 2005

Nodal displacements are referred to the initial configuration in the total Lagrangian formulation and to the last converged configuration in the updated Lagrangian furmulation. This research proposes a relative nodal displacement method to represent the position and orientation for a node in truss structures. Since the proposed method measures the relative nodal displacements relative to its adjacent nodal reference frame, they are still small for a truss structure undergoing large deformations for the small size elements. As a consequence, element formulations developed under the small deformation assumption are still valid for structures undergoing large deformations, which significantly simplifies the equations of equilibrium. A structural system is represented by a graph to systematically develop the governing equations of equilibrium for general systems. A node and an element are represented by a node and an edge in graph representation, respectively. Closed loops are opened to form a spanning tree by cutting edges. Two computational sequences are defined in the graph representation. One is the forward path sequence that is used to recover the Cartesian nodal displacements from relative nodal displacement sand traverses a graph from the base node towards the terminal nodes. The other is the backward path sequence that is used to recover the nodal forces in the relative coordinate system from the known nodal forces in the absolute coordinate system and traverses from the terminal nodes towards the base node. One open loop and one closed loop structure undergoing large deformations are analyzed to demonstrate the efficiency and validity of the proposed method.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.39-49
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• 2010

Ad hoc network is infrastructureless network, that the network topology is configured by each node. Each node capacity device function namely, accomplishes a network control and a function of management because not being Network device of the exclusively. Ad hoc networks what kind of node join or leave the network topology to facilitate the expansion of arbitrary topology, to the case which is the distance whose traffic is distant the place must overtake through the route of intermediate nodes, like these facts give an effect to performance fluctuation. Consequently, each node in order to maintain traffic of oneself stably there is a necessity which will consider traffic and congestion control from the node which traffic of a condition and oneself of traffic of the circumference and the route which compose the network will overtake through. This paper assumes the path of the band with a finite resource, and path traffic to occupy the competition and its impact on transmission performance of these competing arguments to configure the model factor to analyse the performance impact on the results presented. Like this result with the fact that from the study, it will contribute in network management policy and the technique.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.107-114
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• 2004

In this paper, a simple improved 8-node finite element for the finite element analysis of fibrous composite plates is presented by using the direct modification. We drive explicit expressions of shape functions for the 8-node element with bilinear element geometry, which is modified so that it can represent any quadratic fields in Cartesian coordinates. The refined first-order shear deformation theory is proposed, which results in parabolic through-thickness distribution of the transverse shear strains and stresses from the formulation based on the third-order shear deformation theory. It eliminates the need for shear correction factors in the first-order theory. This finite element is further improved by combined use of assumed strain, modified shape function, and refined first-order theory. To show the effectiveness of our simple modification on the 8-node finite elements, numerical studies are carried out the static, buckling and free vibration analysis of fibrous composite plates.