• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
• /
• v.31 no.4
• /
• pp.296-303
• /
• 2015

We surveyed moths on Gageodo island in the southwestern sea of the Korean Peninsula over three years (2009, 2012, 2013) and found a total of 253 species in 18 families. Geometridae had the greatest species richness, with 63 species, followed by Noctuidae, Erebidae, Crambidae and Sphingidae. The annual changes in species richness and abundance were not different and seasonal occurrence of species showed a unimodal pattern in which the numbers of species and individuals increased from April and May, peaked in June and decreased to September and October. Seven moth species (Pyralidae: Herculia drabicilialis Yamanaka, Didia striatella (Inoue); Crambidae: Clupeosoma pryeri (Butler), Demobotys pervulgalis (Hampson), Yezobotys dissimilis (Yamanaka), Syllepte cissalis Yamanaka; Erebidae: Hypena sinuosa (Wileman)) are reported for the first time in Korea.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.331-333
• /
• 2007

Two noctuid pest species of the genus Mythimna legraini (Plante, 1992) and M. laxa Hreblay & Yoshimatsu, 1996 were reported for the first time from China, with illustrations of adults and their available genitalia.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.50 no.4
• /
• pp.301-306
• /
• 2011

Two species of the genus Hypena Schrank, 1802, H. nigrobasalis (Herz, 1904) and H. conspersalis Staudinger, 1888, are reported for the first time from China. Adults and genitalic characteristics of the two species are briefly redescribed, with illustrations and their distribution.

• Mycobiology
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.133-141
• /
• 2021

A new fungus, Ophiocordyceps alboperitheciata, parasitic on the larva of Noctuidae (Lepidoptera) was identified from a survey of entomopathogenic fungi in Kunming Wild Duck Forest Park, Yunnan Province, China. It can be primarily distinguished from relatives by its longer fertile parts, sterile tips, superficial perithecia, narrower asci, and smaller septa of ascospores. As revealed from phylogenetic analyses inferred from nrSSU, nrLSU, tef-1α, rpb1, and rpb2 sequence data, O. alboperitheciata belongs to the Hirsutella citriformis clade in the genus Ophiocordyceps of Ophiocordycipitaceae, and forms a separated clade from other related species. The uniqueness of the taxon is significantly evidenced by both molecular phylogeny and morphology. Furthermore, the interspecific relationships in the H. citriformis clade are discussed.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.9 no.1
• /
• pp.37-41
• /
• 1970

The great damage to the mature fruits in the orchard caused by the fruit sucking moths including unidentified species, is a troublesome problem in recent years in Korea. The present survey is, there-fort, carried out to clarify the ecological characters, especially kinds of these harmful moths and their damage at Suwon and Jinju fruit growing areas, in order to establish the foundation of the control. Some results obtained through the survey are as follows: It is investigated that the most noticeable group of these noxious moths, identified 10 species, belongs to subfamily Catocalinae of the family Noctuidae. Although there was already recorded as the harmful moths on the fruits such 4 species as Oraesia excavata B. Adris tyrannus amurensis S., Calpe thalictri B. and Dermaleipa juno Delman, it is additionally identified to be 6 species in 1968 including Oraesia emarginata F.,O. lata B., Agrotis ipsilon H., Chrysorithrum amatum Bremer et Grey, Dinumma deponens W. and Trachea atriplicis L. of the fruit sucking moths in Korea. Of all these noxious moths damaged, O. excavata is the most harmful, following by O. emarginata and Adris tyrannus. The fruit sucking moths attack on all kinds of mature fruits from early summer to late fall and behave entirely nocturnal. The damage ratio in percentage of these moths is $8.9\%$ on grape in Suwon, and $3.4\%$ on pears in Jinju.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
• /
• v.19 no.1
• /
• pp.17-25
• /
• 2005

Pathogenicity of entomopathogenic nematde, Steinernema carpocapsae Pocheon strain (ScP) was evaluated against different larval stages(2nd, 3-4th and 5th) of Anomis commode and Anomis mesogona(Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in petri dish and pot. The $LC_{50}$ values were increased in proportion to larval stage of A. commoda and A. mesogona. $LC_{50}$ value of ScP against 2nd instar of A. commoda and A. mesogona was 9.7 and 4.5, respectively. The 2nd instar of both species was also susceptible to ScP in pot test. That is, mortality of 2nd instar of A. commode and A. mesogona was higher representing $72.5\%\;and\;87.5\%$ 5 days later after treatment, respectively, when ScP was applied at the ,ate of 90,000 infective juveniles(Ijs) per $pot(=1\times10^9\;Ijs/ha)$. However, susceptibility was decreased from 3rd instar. Mortality of 5th instar of A. commoda and A. mesogona was $5.0\%\;and\;10.0\%$, respectively, at the rate of 90,000 Ijs/pot. When ScP was applied into pot including mixed larval stages from 2nd to 5th instar(10 larvae far 2nd instar, 10 larvae for 3rd - 4th instars, and 10 larvae for 5th instar) at the rate of 90,000 Ijs/pot, mortality of A. commoda and A. mesogona was $69.2\%\;and\;50.0\%$, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.45 no.3 s.144
• /
• pp.333-337
• /
• 2006

The damage aspects of soybean by common cutworm, Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) at different larval density and different growth stage of soybean were studied in soybean field. The percent yield reduction(Y) of soybean infested by different densities of S. litura (X, no. of larvae/plant) under outdoor conditions for a three week period were estimated by the following equations: (1) Y = 1.655X - 6.025 ($R^{2}=0.952$) for the R1 (flowering stage); (2) Y = 0.725X - 0.475 ($R^{2}=0.986$) for the R3 (beginning pod stage); and (3) Y = 0.635X - 1.325 ($R^{2}=0.986$) for the R5 (beginning seed stage). Based on the relationships between the densities of S. litura larvae and the yield index of soybean, the number of larvae (2nd-3rd instar) which caused 5% loss of yield (Tolerable injury level) was estimated to as approximately 6.7 for the R1, 7.5 for the R5, and 10.0 per plant for the R5, respectively. Average soybean leaf areas consumed by 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th larvae of Spodoptera litura during 24 hr at $28^{\circ}C$ was 0.3, 0.7, 2.6, 4.0, 20.1, and $55.8\;cm^{2}$, respectively.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.45 no.3 s.144
• /
• pp.357-362
• /
• 2006

Bacillus thuringiensis strains were isolated from the domestic soil and a strain was selected that had a new host range and high toxicity against agriculture insect pest. The 142 samples of soil were sampled from the mountains, paddy fields and patches, in Daejon, Chungnam, Chungbuk and Jeonbuk and used for the investigation. Sixteen B. t strains were isolated from 12 samples among collected samples. There were 11 strains that showed toxical activity on Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae), 7 steins on Spodoptera litura (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 5 strains on Arete coerulea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), 5 strains on Culex pipiens pallens (Diptera: Culicidae) among the 16 isolated B. t strains. But there were not any strains that showed activity against Hyphanria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) and Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Rhynchophoridae). And also some of B. thuringiensis strains showed insecticidal activity with 2, 3 or 4 kinds of insects. But there were also 3 strains that did not show any activities to the 6 insects which were used in the experiment. When examined with a phase-contrast microscope, the insecticidal crystal protein produced from 16 selected strains had 13 bipyramidal and 3 spherical shapes. The insecticidal bioactivity of the S. litura showed 100% mortality when there were $1.3{\times}10^{7}\;(cfu/ml)$ of CAB109 isolates.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.46 no.3
• /
• pp.431-435
• /
• 2007

Control thresholds for the management of beet army worm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera : Noctuidae) were evaluated on welsh onion of two different planting time. Two inoculation times were tested for each planting and the number of inoculated larva was 5, 10, 20, 40 per twenty plants. The injured rate of leaves was 33.5% to 10.9% at 7th September at 40 to 5 larva inoculation plot on the five days planting. That of leaves was 20.5% at 40 larva on the twenty days planting. The yields of welsh onion on non-inoculation plot were 4,395 kg per 10a. The rate of reduced yields was 49.2%(1,774.2 kg) and 36.5%(2,220.5 kg) at 40 larva inoculation on the 5 and 20 days planting, respectively. The linear relationships between population density and yield reduction were as following; it was Y=-43.474X + 3419.6 ($R^2\;=\;0.9698$) for 5 days and Y=-32.977X + 3518.9 ($R^2\;=\;0.9928$) for 20 days. Based on these results the control threshold level was estimated to be 1.8 larva for 5 days and 4.6 larva for 20 days per 20 plant. The more damaged leaves by S. exigua larva, the more yield reduction on welsh onion.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
• /
• v.62 no.4
• /
• pp.227-243
• /
• 2023

The Asiatic pink stem borer, Sesamia inferens (Walker, 1856) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) is a pest that attacks rice stems. In this study, we estimated the annual generation of insect in several regions of the Republic of Korea. Adult trapping using a sex pheromone trap detected the occurrence of S. inferens adults in the three northernmost areas around 38° latitude and showed that the insect inhabits all of Korea. In most areas investigated, the seasons of the adult generations estimated using the single-sine degree-day model did not deviate from the corresponding observed seasons of adult occurrence. We estimated that the overwintering larvae hypothetically-estimated using the model could be originated from the last generation of adults. When larvae collected in paddy fields during the autumn season in a few middle and southern areas were reared at 25℃, ca. 70% of pupae did not show additional larval molting before their pupation. All larvae collected in early March in a southern area (Goseong, Gyeongsangnam-do) pupated without additional larval molting when reared at 25℃. Based on these results, we presumed that S. inferens could overwinter as mainly the last instar larval stage in the area. Taken together, we conclude that S. inferens primarily has two generations per year in areas around 38° latitude, and three generations in the areas between 35.3° and 37.3° latitude. In addition, approximately 35% of insects captured by the sex pheromone trap were species other than S. inferens, as determined by analyzing the nucleotide sequences of the cytochrome c oxidase 1 gene. These species were not morphologically misidentified as S. inferens.