• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.599-604
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• 2006

Nitrogen removal with the combined SHARON (Single reactor system for high ammonium removal over nitrite)ANAMMOX (Anaerobic ammonium oxidation) process using the effluent of ADEPT (Anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment) slurry reactor with very low C/N ratio for piggery waste treatment was investigated. For the preceding SHARON reactor, ammonium nitrogen loading and removal rate were $0.97kg\;NH_4-N/m^3_{reactor}/day$ and $0.68kg\;NH_4-N/m^3_{reactor}/day$ respectively. In steady state, bicarbonate alkalinity consumption for ammonium nitrogen converted to $NO_2-N$ or $NO_3-N$ was 8.4 gram per gram ammonium nitrogen. The successive ANAMMOX reactor was fed with the effluent from SHARON reactor. The loading and removal rate of the soluble nitrogen defined as the sum total of $NH_4-N$, $NO_2-N$ and $NO_3-N$ in ANAMMOX reactor were $1.36kg\;soluble\;N/m^3_{reactor}/day$ and $0.7kg\;soluble\;N/m^3_{reactor}/day$, respectively. The average $NO_2-N/NH_4-N$ removal ratio by ANAMMOX was 2.41. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis verified that Candidatus Kuenenia stuttgartiensis were dominate, which means that they played an important role of nitrogen removal in ANAMMOX reactor.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.90-103
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• 1987

A study was conducted to measure nitrogen intake and excretion in young korean women on their normal diet and leading normal activity level. Dietary survey by food record, fecal and urinary samples were collected for 3 days in 19 healthy female college students in Korea. On one of the 3 days, duplicate of one-day diet was collected from each subjects. Mean daily intakes of energy and protein were calculated from food recorded. Duplicate diet samples and pooled fecal samples were analyzed for N content. Pooled urine samples were analyzed for total N, urea N, and creatinine content. Apparent N absorption, apparent N balance and urea N/creatinine N were calculated to evaluate protein nutritional status. The results obtained are summarized as following ; 1) Accordingly to food record, mean daily intakes of energy, protein, carbohydrate and far were 1535.2 $\pm$53.78Kcal, 55.95$\pm$2.97g(total nitrogen 8.95$\pm$0.45g), 254.13$\pm$10.31g and 39.24$\pm$2.76 g, providing 14.6%, 66.2%, 19.2% of total energy respectively. 2) Nitrogen intake by chemical analysis was 7.16$\pm$0.31g/day (protein 44.75$\pm$1.94kg/day) providing 82.39$\pm$4.58% of nitrogen intake by food record. The difference of total nitrogen intake between food record and chemical analysis in diets was significant(p<0.05). 3) Mean daily fecal nitrogen excretion was 1.38$\pm$0.10g and then mean apparent digesbility of protein was 80.53$\pm$5.21%. 4) Mean daily urinary nitrogen excretion, urea N excretion and creatinine excretion were 6.03$\pm$0.30g, 4.52$\pm$0.22g, and 0.88$\pm$0.04g respectively. Urinary urea nitrogen was 75.2$\pm$1.38% of total urinary nitrogen excretion and urinary nitrogen was 85.4$\pm$3.56% of total nitrogen intake by chemical analysis. 5) Mean urea N/creatinine N ration was 14.01$\pm$0.77. 6) Mean nitrogen balance was -0.244$\pm$0.33g/day. From the above results, it is concluded that the subjects in this study seem to be in marginal protein nutritional status and therefore should increase dietary protein intake.

• Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.202-216
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• 2017

Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient. Thus, evaluating its flows and stocks in rice paddy ecosystems provides important insights into the sustainability and environmental loads of rice production. Among the N sources of paddy fields, atmospheric deposition and irrigation inputs remain poorly understood. In particular, insufficient information is available for atmosphere-rice paddy exchange of gaseous and particulate reactive N (Nr, all N species other than molecular N) which represents the net input or output through dry deposition and emission. In this study, we assessed the N inputs via atmospheric deposition and irrigation to a Japanese rice paddy area by weekly monitoring for 2 years with special emphasis on gas and particle exchange. The rice paddy during the cropping season acted as a net emitter of ammonia ($NH_3$) to the atmosphere regardless of the N fertilizer applications, which reduced the effects of dry deposition to the N input. Dry N deposition was quantitatively similar to wet N deposition, when subtracting the rice paddy $NH_3$ emissions from N exchange. The annual N inputs to the rice paddy were 3.2 to $3.6\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for exchange, 8.1 to $9.8\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for wet deposition, and 11.1 to $14.5\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$ for irrigation. The total N input, 22.8 to $27.5\;kg\;N\;ha^{-1}\;yr^{-1}$, corresponded to 38% to 55% of the N fertilizer application rate and 53% to 67% of the brown rice N uptake. Monitoring of atmospheric deposition and irrigation as N sources for rice paddies will therefore be necessary for adequate N management.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.139-143
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• 1969

In order to diminish the side effects of nitrogen mustard on cancertherapy, alkyl and heterocyclic radicals were introduced to nitrogen mustard base. The prepared new nitrogen mustard derivtives are N-bis($\beta$-chloroethyl)-2-furamide, 5-nitro-N-bis($\beta$-chloroethyl)-2-furamide and N-bis($\beta$-chloroethyl) ortamide hydrochloride.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.199-206
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• 2000

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of winter forage rye and green manure hairy vetch on soil mineral nitrogen and corn nitrogen uptake. Soil nitrate at corn seeding decreased slightly with cultivation of winter rye, but soil nitrate did not decreased by cultivation of winter hairy vetch. Soil nitrate nitrogen increased 60~70 kgN/ha higher by hairy vetch green manure than winter rye and fallow at 6-leaf and harvest stage of corn, respectively, and much soil nitrate nitrogen such as 85, 125 kgN/ha was remained at N fertilizer 100, 200 kgN/ha of hairy vetch green manure at harvesting time, respectively. Corn yield was not different among treatments of winter crop and N rate, but nitrogen concentration of corn stover increased by hairy vetch green manure. Increase of total corn nitrogen uptake by hairy vetch green manure was 50~60 kgN/ha compared with winter rye and fallow. It is thought that basal fertilizer nitrogen 100 kgN/ha could be reduced by hairy vetch green manure in considering soil nitrate and nitrogen uptake at harvesting time.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Grassland and Forage Science
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• v.10 no.3
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• pp.158-163
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• 1990

This experiment was to study the effect of pure mineral nitrogen fertilizing on seasonal distribution of dry matter yield and the advisable mineral nitrogen amounts on grassland. The results were as follows: 1. With longer regrowth periods the absolute dry matter yields and the nitrogen-efficiences due to nitrogen fertilizing increased substantially, whereas the quality declined at the relatively lesser cutting frequencies. 2. The first cut at 3-cut regimes, the first and fourth cut at 4-cut regimes, and the second and last cut at 5-and 6-cut regimes showed the highest nitrogen-efficiency, respectively. 3. By the sigmaformed process of production curve the most efficient mineral N-dressing rate per ha and cut was calculated: 42-56kg N on the 3-cut areas, 39-55kg N on the 4-cut areas, 38-47kg N on the 5-cut areas and 35-48kg N/ha/cut on the &cut areas. 4. In dependence on site and kind of calculation the economical borders were reached with the following dressings of mineral N/ha/cut: 90-100kg on the 3-cut areas, 70-100kg on the 4-cut areas and 50- 90kg on the 5-and 6-cut areas.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.25 no.7
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• pp.124-130
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• 2008

The effect of nitrogen gas pressure in arc ion plating on surface properties of the TiN-coated high speed steel(SKH51) is presented in this paper. The surface roughness, micro-particle, micro-hardness, coated thickness, atomic distribution of TiN, and adhesion strength are measured fur various nitrogen gas pressures. It has been shown that the nitrogen gas pressure has a considerable effect on the surface roughness, adhesion strength, atomic distribution of TiN, and surface deposition of TiN of the high speed steels but that it has little influence on the micro-hardness and coated thickness.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.341-351
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• 1996

In order to elucidate the differences in early successional development among similary aged old-fields having different soil nitrogen (N), caused by the land use history before at abandonment, the response of plant community along an experimental nitrogen gradient (control plot (No), plot NI with 5.8g $N/m^2$, plot N2 with 11.7g $N/m^2$ and plot N3 with 23.3g $N/m^2$) was investigated in a five-year-old abandoned field. Although the N content in soil among treatments was similar at the end of the growing season, N concentrations in plant tissue increased with the amount of N supplied. These results suggest that almost all the N contained in N-enriched soil might be absorbed by plants during the growing season after N supply. Vegetation tended to grow vigorously by nitrogen supply, and the standing biomass increased significantly in plots NI and N2 . Species richness of plants, especially of annuals and perennials, was more reduced than the control plot, and the species diversity was also reduced by N supply. The importance value (IV) of species by N supply differed in each species along the position on the successional sere: Artemisia princeps var. orientalis as the dominant species in this old-field decreased slightly; annuals as the earlier successional species decreased clearly along nitrogen gardients; Erigeron annuals as the earlier successional species and as a strong competitor with Artemisia princeps var. orientalis had the highest IV by small N supply; Miscanthus sinensis and Rubus crataegifolius as the later successional species increased by large N supply. These results suggest that old-fields with high soil N might show the structural and functional characteristics of the earlier successional stages, but community composition in those old-fields might be changed more quickly from the sarlier successional species than the later successional species.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.145-150
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• 1994

This study was carried out with different nitrogen fertilization levels for the purpose of basic information of culture of chicory (Cichorium intybus L. var. foliosum) in Korea. Treatment level of nitrogen fertilization was separated as 0, 10, 20, and 30kgN/10a. Though the apparent growth of chicory was increased as the increasing level of nitrogen fertilization, the deterous effects such as tipburn and bolting were increased. The treatment of 15-25kgN/10a was suitable for the production of chicory having high quality and commercial value.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.1159-1163
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• 2008

Data of 42 balance measurements from dry and lactating Holstein cows and blood and urine samples from 24 Japanese Black cows were collected to evaluate the potential for predicting urinary nitrogen (N) excretion from plasma urea nitrogen (PUN). Similar positive correlations were obtained between N intake and apparent N absorption in dry and lactating cows. The regression equations of N intake on urinary N excretion varied in dry and lactating cows, and the difference of urinary N excretion between dry and lactating cows was due to the N secretion into milk. Highly positive correlations were observed between urinary N contents and urinary urea N in Japanese Black cows, and urinary urea N increased with increasing PUN. There were positive correlations between N intake and PUN in dry and lactating cows, but PUN and urinary N excretion in lactating cows were higher than in dry cows. There were positive correlations between PUN and urinary N excretion per BW in dry and lactating cows. Although urinary N excretion could be calculated as (N clearance rate of kidneys)PUNBW, high N clearance rate of kidneys, such as 2.08 L/d/kg BW, may be suitable to calculate urinary N excretion in lactating cows, compared with 1.33 L/d/kg BW in dry cows.