• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.130-135
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• 2013

We investigated the lung function change and quality of life in smokers after taking herbal medicine. The patients were divided into two groups(smoking and non-smoking). We measured lung function change by VRI and quality of life by BDI and Fatigue Scale Score before and after herbal medicine intake. And we examined changes of nicotine dependence, total smoking amount, tobacco flavor in smoking group. The VRI energy bar could not represent the change of the lung function in smoking group and non-smoking group. And there was no change of lung function by VRI in two group patients before and after herb medication. But after taking herb medicine, the patients who have abnormal sound in VRI were improved. The herbal medicine does not affect to the amount of smoking, tobacco flavor, nicotine dependence in Smoking patients. Smoking group were higher than non-smokers in BDI score and Fatigue Scale score. Smoking group were more improved than the non-smokers in BDI and Fatigue Scale Score after taking herbal medicine.

• 한국학교ㆍ지역보건교육학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-44
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• 2015

Objectives: This study identified the many factors affecting the quality of life relating to oral health using oral impact on daily performances(OIDP) in college students according to gender. Methods: The subjects were college students who agree to participate in research Cheonan, Daegu, Ulsan. 314 college students were fill out the questionnaire themselves. Results were analyzed by using frequency, t-test, ANOVA, correlation Analysis and regression analysis of SPSS program ver. 21.0. Results: Oral impact on daily performances(OIDP) of influence Factors is as follows: The male is nicotine dependence, toothache and female is subjective oral health status, grade. Male have a positive effect on the quality of life relating to oral health when lower the nicotine dependence. Meanwhile, female have a positive effect on the quality of life relating to oral health when better the subjective oral health status and lower the grade. Both male and female have a positive effect on the quality of life relating to oral health when no more toothache. Conclusions: In this study, there was a difference in the factors affecting the quality of life relating to oral health according to gender. Therefore, oral health care measures should be a difference according to gender. Male's oral health promotion programs should be considered in conjunction with non-smoking education. For female, the age should be considered when developing an oral health promotion program.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.125-138
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• 2008

Purpose: This study was attempted to find out female smoking behavior and the smoking related factors. Method: Study subjects were 226 female smokers who have visited temporary clinic or smoking cessation clinic run by 10 public health centers in Incheon. The data were collected through the questionnaire specially designed for this study from April 1 to June 30, 2008. The data were analyzed by the SPSS 12.0 program. Result: 68.0% of feale smokers have smoked habitually. The average daily smoking amount of the subjects was $12.0{\pm}8.7$ ea, average rate of nicotine dependence was $4.2{\pm}2.2$ points, the mean smoking duration was $12.7{\pm}9.3$ years, and the smoking start age was $23.1{\pm}8.5$ year old. The smoking behavior by the drinking frequency showed significant difference in average daily smoking amount and rate of nicotine dependence(p<.05). Also the smoking behavior by exercise showed significant difference in current smoking frequency(p<.05). There was positive relation between female smoking behavior and monthly income, frequency of drinking, exercise, and stress respectively(p<.05, p<.01). Conclusion: Compared to a male smoker, the average daily smoking amount of a female smoker was less and the duration of smoking was longer. This study suggests that not only a social movement about a female smoking cessation is imperative but also smoking cessation programs should be combined with reduced drinking consumption, exercise and stress relief programs. Moreover, early intervention for preventing teenager smoking should be added to smoking cessation programs.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제36권5호
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• pp.742-750
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• 2006

Purpose: This study was to identify which factors are likely to influence the effectiveness of smoking cessation on adults who smoke in Metropolitan Incheon. Method: Data from 9,083 smokers, who visited a smoking cessation clinic of a public health center from Jan. to Oct. 2005, were provided by the Korean Health Research Society, Among 9,083 smokers, 1,495 people were selected for follow up care at 6 months in order to analyze the differences between two groups one is a successful group and the other is a failure group. Results: The successful group included 639 people and the failure group 856 people. In the demographic profiles such as sex, age and motive registration, there was a significant difference between the two groups. In the view of smoking pattern and factors such as the expiratory CO level, the age of starting to smoke, the duration of smoking, alcohol, and dependence on alcohol use and nicotine, there were significant differences between the two groups. The smoking cessation method, results of uni variate analysis, the total number of visits to the smoking cessation clinics, and the use of nicotine gum or a patch(stage 1, stage 2) were significantly different in the two groups. Conclusion: The results of multi variate analysis have shown that the factors associated with the success for smoking cessation is the total number of visits to the smoking cessation clinic, and the dependence on alcohol.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.297-306
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 남성 근로자의 금연을 돕기 위한 금연 힐링캠프의 참여가 금연에 미치는 효과를 검증하기 위함이다. 본 연구는 단일군 사전사후설계 연구이다. 28명의 남성 근로자들이 1박 2일동안 진행된 금연 힐링캠프 실험처치에 배정되었다. 중재의 효과검증은 금연 힐링캠프 직후에 측정되었다. 연구 결과 남성 근로자의 금연 준비도(t=-2.64, p=.013)와 금연 자기효능감(t=2.42, p=.022)은 통계적으로 유의하게 증가하였고, 니코틴 의존도(t=2.55, p=.017)와 우울(t=2.85, p=.008)은 통계적으로 유의하게 감소하였다. 결론적으로, 사업장 남성 근로자를 대상으로 한 금연 힐링캠프는 남성 근로자들에게 금연에 대한 올바른 지식을 제공하고 금연준비도와 금연 자기효능감을 향상시킴으로써 남성 근로자의 금연을 도왔다는 점에서 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine effects of smoking cessation program in large size company using motivational enhancement counseling. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was conducted. 72 workers in intervention group and 65 workers in control group participated in 7 large size companies. Smoking cessation program consisted of a campaign, smoking cessation education, and 6 weeks motivational enhancement counseling. The motivational enhancement counseling was tailored to the individual's stage of change. Stages of smoking behavior, smoking cessation rate, nicotine dependence, and confidence of smoking cessation were assessed after intervention. Results: The results showed that intervention had a significant impact on improving stages of smoking behavior and smoking cessation rate, and impact on decreasing nicotine dependence, compared to those of a control group. Conclusion: The effects and feasibility of smoking cessation program including motivational enhancement counseling were revealed in the large size company. These results might provide information that can be used in improving cultures of smoking cessation for workers.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제76권6호
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• pp.276-283
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• 2014

Background: We aimed to investigate the role of the physician in practice and the factors that influence the success rate of smoking cessation. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed 126 adult smokers who had visited the outpatient department of pulmonology, and received motivational interviewing with or without supplement drugs. The findings include continuous smoking abstinence rate, which was evaluated at 6, 12 and 24 weeks, and the factors associated with continuous abstinence for 6 months or longer. Results: The patients with only motivational interviewing accounted for 57.9%, while the nicotine patch therapy was applied to 30.2%; and varenicline was prescribed to 11.9%. The smoking cessation success rates of at 6, 12, and 24 weeks were 55.6%, 47.6%, and 33.3%, respectively. However, even in the failure group at six months, tobacco consumption was decreased under 10 cigarettes per day in 42.1% (53/126). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, degree of Fagerst$\ddot{o}$m Test for Nicotine Dependence (p=0.034; odds ratio, 3.607; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.102-1.807), the absence of smoking-related lung disease (p=0.008; odds ratio, 4.693; 95% CI, 1.497-14.707), and education level (p=0.001; odds ratio, 181.420; 95% CI, 8.414-3,911.502) were the predictors of successful smoking cessation. Conclusion: An improved continuous smoking abstinence rate can be obtained by motivational interviewing, regardless of the association with pharmacotherapy.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.625-630
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• 2013

Background: Hardcore smoking is represented by a subset of daily smokers with high nicotine dependence, inability to quit and unwillingness to quit. Estimating the related burden could help us in identifying a high risk population prone to tobacco induced diseases and improve cessation planning for them. This study assessed the prevalence and associated factors of hardcore smoking in three South-East Asian countries and discussed its implication for smoking cessation intervention in this region. Materials and Methods: Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data of India, Bangladesh and Thailand were analyzed to quantify the hardcore smoking prevalence in the region. On the basis of review, an operational definition of hardcore smoking was adopted that includes (1) current daily smoker, (2) no quit attempt in the past 12 months of survey or last quit attempt of less than 24 hours duration, (3) no intention to quit in next 12 months or not interested in quitting, (4) time to first smoke within 30 minutes of waking up, and (5) knowledge of smoking hazards. Logistic regression analysis was carried out using hardcore smoking status as response variable and gender, type of residence, occupation, education, wealth index and age-group as possible predictors. Results: There were 31.3 million hardcore smokers in the three Asian countries. The adult prevalence of hardcore smoking in these countries ranges between 3.1% in India to 6% in Thailand. These hardcore smokers constitute 18.3-29.7% of daily smokers. The logistic regression model indicated that age, gender, occupation and wealth index are the major predictors of hardcore smoking with varied influence across countries. Conclusions: Presence of a higher number of hardcore smoking populations in Asia is a major public health challenge for tobacco control and cancer prevention. There is need of intensive cessation interventions with due consideration of contextual predictors.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제53권2호
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• pp.135-144
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of periodontitis according to current smoking status based on the number of cigarettes smoked per day (CPD) and the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND). Methods: All enrolled patients were diagnosed and classified according to the new periodontal classification scheme, and current smoking status was investigated via a self-reported questionnaire. The correlation between smoking status (CPD and FTND) and periodontitis risk (severity of periodontitis and tooth loss due to periodontal reasons) was statistically assessed using Spearman correlation coefficients. Moreover, partial correlation analyses between smoking and periodontal status were performed after adjusting for age, sex, and diabetes mellitus. Results: Overall, data from 74 men and 16 women (mean age: 48.1±10.8 years) were evaluated. The mean number of missing teeth, CPD, and FTND score were 3.5±5.2, 24.6±15.5, and 3.5±2, respectively. CPD and the FTND were significantly positively correlated with each other (r=0.741, P<0.001). CPD and the FTND were also significantly correlated with the severity of periodontitis (CPD: r=0.457, P<0.05 and FTND: r=0.326, P<0.05) and the number of missing teeth due to periodontal reasons (CPD: r=0.525, P<0.05 and FTND: r=0.480, P<0.05), respectively. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this study, both CPD and the FTND were significantly correlated with the severity of periodontitis and the number of periodontally compromised extracted teeth.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권4호
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• pp.188-198
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• 2016

본 연구의 목적은 N시에 소재한 공공병원의 금연클리닉 프로그램을 이용한 흡연 환자(입원 및 외래 포함)를 대상으로 Prochaska와 Diclemente의 변화단계모형(Transtheoretical Model, TTM)을 적용한 금연동기단계에 따른 코칭프로그램 참여 전과 후 대상자의 흡연량, 니코틴의존도, 호기 일산화탄소 농도, 소변 코티닌의 차이를 확인하기 위함이다. 연구설계는 금연동기에 따른 코칭프로그램이 환자들의 금연에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 대상자의 흡연량, 니코틴의존도, 호기 일산화탄소 농도, 소변 코티닌을 프로그램 전, 2주, 6주 후간의 차이를 비교하는 다중반복 간헐적 시계열 설계연구이다. 본 연구에서 활용된 자료는 2011년 공공보건의료프로그램 중 금연프로그램을 통해 수집된 2차 자료를 활용하였다. 코칭프로그램은 6주동안 중재가 진행되며, 첫방문, 2주째 방문, 6주째 방문에 제공되며, 12주째 금연 유지 상태를 점검한다. 연구대상자의 교육 전과 교육 후 흡연량, 니코틴 의존도, 호기 일산화탄소 농도, 소변 코티닌 차이는 카이제곱 검정과 t-test로 비교하였다. 이 연구대상자는 총 47명이며, 남자는 44명(93.62%), 여자는 3명(6.38%)으로 대부분 남자였다. 금연동기단계별 대상자 수는 실천단계가 4명(8.51%), 준비단계는 43명(91.49%)이었다. 금연동기단계에 따른 코칭프로그램 전과 후를 비교한 결과, 실천단계 집단은 대부분 프로그램 전과 후 흡연량, 니코틴의존도, '0'상태를 유지하였다. 준비단계 집단은 흡연량, 니코틴의존도, 호기 일산화탄소가 프로그램 전과 6주후 유의한 차이를 보이면 감소한 것으로 나타났다(p<.001). 환자들을 대상으로 한 병원 현장에서의 금연코칭 프로그램은 매우 효과적임을 확인할 수 있었다. 하지만, 환자들을 대상으로 한 금연프로그램은 건강한 사람들에 비해 인적 재정적 부담이 더 높다. 따라서 환자들의 금연을 위해 적극적인 인적, 재정적 지원이 있어야 할 것이다.