• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제43권2호
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• pp.206-214
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• 2005

$TiO_2$에 담지된 불균일 촉매상에서 ppm 수준으로 존재하는 수중 유기오염물질들을 제거하기 위한 모델반응으로 액상 trichloroethylene(TCE) 분해반응을 선정하였으며, 여러 반응변수의 동시제어가 가능하도록 디자인된 연속 흐름식 고정층 반응기 내에서 incipient wetness 기법으로 제조된 여러 전이금속 산화물 촉매들의 TCE 분해활성을 조사하였다. 선택된 반응조건에서 모델반응의 내부확산저항은 없었으며, $36^{\circ}C$의 반응온도에서 촉매표면에 흡착에 의한 액상 TCE 제거된 정도는 무시할 만하였고 촉매반응에 의해서만 제거될 수 있었다. TCE 제거반응에 대한 촉매들의 활성 및 반응시간에 따른 분해효율의 의존성은 사용된 금속 산화물 및 담지체의 종류에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 5 wt.% $CoO_x$/$TiO_2$ 촉매는 본 대상반응에 대하여 가장 우수한 활성을 갖는 것으로 나타났으며, 반응시간의 경과 정도에 따라 TCE 분해효율이 점진적으로 증가하여 안정되는 전이구간의 존재를 확인할 수 있었다. 이와 같은 촉매활성의 반응시간 의존성은 반응 초기와 일정시간 경과 후의 $TiO_2$ 표면에 존재하는 $CoO_x$의 표면구조가 상이할 뿐만 아니라 반응시간 경과와 함께 활성이 더욱 높은 Co species의 표면노출을 암시하고 있다. $NiO_x$, $CrO_x$와 같은 금속 산화물 촉매들의 반응활성은 매우 낮은 수준이었다. $TiO_2$와 MFI를 담지체로 하여 각각 incipient wetness법과 이온교환법으로 제조된 $CuO_x/TiO_2$, Cu-MFI, $FeO_x/TiO_2$ 및 Fe-MFI의 TCE 제거효율을 반응시간의 함수로 살펴본 결과, Cu 촉매들에서 관찰되는 반응시간-분해효율 거동과는 다른 현상이 $FeO_x/TiO_2$와 Fe-MFI 촉매상에서 관찰되었다. $36^{\circ}C$의 반응온도에서 전반응시간 동안에 5 wt.% $FeO_x/TiO_2$ 촉매상에서 TCE 제거반응은 일어나지 않았으나, 1.2 wt.% Fe-MFI의 경우 반응 초기에 높은 제거율을 일정시간 동안 유지하다가 서서히 감소하는 비활성화 현상이 발생하였다. 이는 동일한 활성성분이 사용된다 할지라도 그 제조방법에 따라 촉매활성이 달라질 수 있음을 보여주고 있으며, 액상반응 중에 일어나는 활성성분의 redox cycle이 중요한 역할을 할 수 있음을 암시하고 있다. 가장 우수한 $CoO_x/TiO_2$ 촉매의 TCE 분해활성에 미치는 $CoO_x$ 담지량, 반응온도 등의 영향을 조사한 결과, 최적의 $CoO_x$ 담지량이 존재하였고 반응온도가 높을수록 TCE 제거효율은 높게 나타났다. 반응 중에 $CoO_x$ leaching에 의한 $CoO_x$의 손실이 확인되었으나 TCE 전환율에 영향을 미칠 정도는 아닌 것으로 판단되었다.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.195-201
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• 2018

To enhance the performance of cathodes at low temperatures, a Cu-coated cathode is prepared, and its electrochemical performance is examined by testing its use in a single cell. At $620^{\circ}C$ and a current density of $150mAcm^{-2}$, a single cell containing the Cu-coated cathode has a significantly higher voltage (0.87 V) during the initial operation than does that with an uncoated cathode (0.79 V). According to EIS analysis, the high voltage of the cell with the Cu-coated cathode is due to the dramatic decrease in the high-frequency resistance related to electrochemical reactions. From XPS analysis, it is confirmed that the Cu is initially in the form of $Cu_2O$ and is converted into CuO after 150 h of operation, without any change in the state of the Ni or Li. Therefore, the high initial cell voltage is confirmed to be due to $Cu_2O$. Because $Cu_2O$ is catalytically active toward $O_2$ adsorption and dissociation, $Cu_2O$ on a NiO cathode enhances cell performance and reduces cathode polarization. However, the cell with the Cu-coated cathode does not maintain its high voltage because $Cu_2O$ is oxidized to CuO, which demonstrates similar catalytic activity toward $O_2$ as NiO.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.491-496
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• 2017

The hydrogen($H_2$) is promising energy carrier of renewable energy in the microgrid system such as small village and military base due to its high energy density, pure emission and convenient transportation. $H_2$ can be generated by photocatalytic water splitting, gasification of biomass and water electrolysis driven by solar cell or wind turbine. Solid oxide electrolysis cells(SOECs) are the most efficient way to mass production due to high operating temperature improving the electrode kinetics and reducing the electrolyte resistance. The SOECs are consist of nickel-yttria stabilized zirconia(NiO-YSZ) fuel electrode / YSZ electrolyte / lanthanum strontium manganite-YSZ(LSM-YSZ) air electrode due to similarity to Solid Oxide Fuel Cells(SOFCs). The Ni-YSZ most widely used fuel electrode shows several problems at SOEC mode such as degradation of the fuel electrode because of Ni particle's redox reaction and agglomeration. Therefore Ni-YSZ need to be replaced to an alternative fuel electrode material. In this study, We studied on the Double perovskite $PrBrMnO_{5+{\delta}}$(PBMO) due to its high electric conductivity, catalytic activity and electrochemical stability. PBMO was impregnated into the scaffold electrolyte $La_{0.8}Sr_{0.2}Ga_{0.85}Mg_{0.15}O_{3-{\delta}}$(LSGM) to be synthesized at low temperature for avoiding secondary phase generated when it exposed to high temperature. The Half cell test was conducted at SOECs and SOFCs modes.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.193-200
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• 2019

$RuO_2$, $PtO_2$, and various $(Ru,Pt)O_2$ colloidal solution were prepared using modified Watanabe method. Electrodes were manufactured by dipping of Ni mesh into the colloidal solution. Manufactured electrodes were characterized by XRD, SEM, and EDS. $(Ru,Pt)O_2$ electrodes showed $RuO_2$ crystal structure and high roughness. The hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) activities were evaluated by Linear Sweep Voltammetry. 1Ru2Pt electrode showed similar activity with commercial electrode, HER potentials are -0.9 V for both.

• 한국인쇄학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.45-64
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• 1984

다색 망점 인쇄물에서 색을 측정하는데는 여러가지 방벙이 있는데, 본 논문에서는 농도 측정법과 자극치 직독법으로, 본문 Ink 화학주식회사에서 나온 SPACE Color New Apex-G Color Chart를 사용하여 두 방법의 측정 결과를 비교, 검토하였다. Process Ink 인 Y, M, C, RI 을 10, 20, 30...90, 100% 의 망점 면적 비교로 변화시켜 측정한 결과 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Y Ink는 가장 이상적인 Ink로 575 nm부근의 주파장을 가졌다. 2. M Ink는 다른 성분을 제일 많이 함유하고 있었다. 3. 원색 분해할 때에 B1 판의 필요성이 확인되었다. 4. 색의 혼합 결과는 M+Y 의 혼합 때 가장 결과가 좋았다.

• 한국대기환경학회지
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.249-255
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• 1999

We sdudied effect of additives on catalytic activity in thermal catalytic de-NOx process which was composed of thermal reduction, catalytic reduction and catalytic oxidation stage. Pd-Pt/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ catalysts with the addition of transition metals(Co, Cu, Fe, Ni, W, Zn, Zr) and rare earth metals(Ce, Sr) were prepared by the conventional washcoating method. Those catalysts were characterized by CO pulse chemisorption, ICP, $N_2$ adsorption, SEM and XRD. The effect of catalyst additives on NOx removal for diesel emission was studied in thermal catalytic de-NOx process at reduction temperature(350~50$0^{\circ}C$), space velocity(5,000~20,000 $hr^{-1}$) and the engine load(0~120kW). The concentraton of CO, $CO_2$, NO and $NO_2$ in the exhaust gas increased with the engine load. On the other hand the concentration of $O_2$ decreased. The de-NOx activityof all prepared catalysts increased with respect to high CO and low $O_2$ level in the thermal reduction stage of the process. Insertion of Ce to Pt-Pd/${\gamma}$-$Al_2O_3$ catalyst showed the best activity of all the catalysts under these experimental conditions. De-NOx catalysts are effective to remove CO in addition to NOx in the catalytic reduction stage.

• Rapid Communication in Photoscience
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.35-37
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• 2014

PEC (photoelectrochemical) water splitting for $O_2/H_2$ production is one of the promising but difficult way to utilize solar energy. Among photocatalytic materials for PEC water oxidation, $BiVO_4$ (Eg = 2.4 eV) has been recently intensively studied since it has various advantageous properties. But its maximum efficiency has not been realized owing to kinetic factors - slow water oxidation at surface & insufficient stability. These problems can be simultaneously solved by application of oxygen evolution catalyst (OEC) such as $CoO_x$, Co-Pi, $IrO_x$ etc. Herein we report the first successful application of $NiFeO_x$ OEC on $BiVO_4$, showing good performance compared to other effective OEC applied on $BiVO_4$ under basic conditions. The enhanced activity of OEC loaded $BiVO_4$ has been supported by the surface charge separation efficiency and electrochemical impedance studies.

• 한국태양에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국태양에너지학회 2012년도 춘계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.113-119
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• 2012

The two-step water splitting thermochemical cycle is composed of the T-R (Thermal Reduction) and W-D (Water Decomposition) steps. The mechanism of this cycle is oxidation-reduction, which produces hydrogen. The reaction temperature necessary for this thermochemical cycle can be achieved by a dish-type solar thermal collector (Inha University, Korea). The purpose of this study is to validate a water splitting device in the field. The device is studied and fabricated by Kodama et al (2010, 2011). The validation results show that the foam device, when loaded with $CeO_2$ powder, was successfully achieved hydrogen production under field conditions. Through this experiment, we can analyze the characteristics of the catalyst and able to determine which is more advantageous thing to produce hydrogen compared with previous experiment that used ferrite-device.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제34권6호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2023

This research project focused on the production of hydrogen through ammonia decomposition reactions while investigating how the reactivity of this process varies when employing different catalysts. Several metal oxide supports (Al₂O₃, La₂O₃, CeO₂) were utilized as catalysts, with active metals from both the transition metal group (Co, Ni, Fe, Cr, Cu) and the noble metal group (Ru, Rh, Pd, Pt) impregnated onto these supports. Furthermore, the study examined how the reactivity evolves with changes in reaction temperature when employing the prepared catalysts. Additionally, the research delved into the distinctive activation energies associated with each of the catalysts. In this research, In the noble metal catalyst system, the order of high activity for ammonia decomposition reaction to produce hydrogen is Ru > Rh > Pt ≈ Pd. In the transition metal catalyst system, the order of high activity is Co > Ni > Fe > Cr > Cu.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제27권6호
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• pp.651-656
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• 2005

톨루엔은 섬유산업 공정에서 발생하는 주요한 유해성 대기 오염원으로 간주된다. 본 연구에서는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$를 지지체로 한 전이 금속 산화물 촉매(Cu, Mn, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Ce, Sn, Fe, Sr, Cs, Mo, La, W, Zn)를 제조하여 톨루엔 완전 산화 반응을 조사하였다. XRD, FE-SEM, BET와 TPR 기법을 사용하여 금속 촉매의 특성을 조사하였다. 촉매 가운데 Cu/${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 촉매가 가장 우수한 활성을 보여주었다. BET결과 촉매 활성의 증가는 비표면적과는 관련이 적은 것으로 나타났으며, X선 회절 분석에서 대부분의 촉매들이 무정형으로 존재함이 관찰되었다. FE-SEM을 관찰한 결과, 전이금속 산화물 촉매 중 구리산화물 촉매가 지지체 표면에 고르게 분산되어 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 톨루엔 산화반응에 따른 촉매활성 효과는 ${\gamma}-Al_2O_3$ 지지체 위에 전이금속 산화물 촉매가 고르게 분산된 점과 촉매 표면의 우수한 환원 특성에 기인하는 것으로 설명할 수 있었다.